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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Ocular cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium. Its early diagnosis and treatment decreases the possibility of visual morbidity. It can either compromise the anterior chamber or the posterior segment, which translates into an very variable and interspecific presentation that changes depending on the site of the infection. It is important to report this case due to its low presentation rate and the fact that a high suspicion index is required to make an assertive and timely diagnosis. This is especially important in geographical areas that are endemic to this parasite due to the direct relationship between an early diagnosis and treatment and better visual outcomes. In this case report, we will discuss the multidisciplinary interventions of a pediatric patient in a high complexity hospital.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and the main risk factors related to the transmission of bovine cysticercosis based on tracking animals sent for slaughter and coming from properties located in the micro-region of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The properties were previously evaluated for the occurrence of cysticercosis during post-mortem inspection in the 12 months prior to the beginning of the research, and those with animals with bovine cysticercosis found at least once during this period were considered positive. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 87 properties, from which 1024 bovine serum samples were collected. Indirect ELISA performed serological diagnosis and Immunoblot confirmed positive sera. The prevalence found in this study was 5.1% (95% CI = 3.74-6.42). The risk factors identified were cattle origin (RC = 4.9), grazing (RC = 6.4) and sewage destination on the property (RC = 3.6). These environmental factors suggest that sanitation control measures and the restriction of pastures beyond the property boundary can help prevent disease in the study area. A control system based on risk analysis was discussed and proposed as a strategy to control bovine cysticercosis in the Triângulo Mineiro region and other regions of the country.

Cysticercosis is a parasitoses caused by Taenia saginata characterized by the presence of cysts in bovine tissues. It is one of the most important cause of viscera and carcasses condemnation and undervaluation of beef in slaughterhouses under official inspection. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis during the year in the 2021 in a slaughterhouse under Federal Inspection located at the state of Espirito Santo. During the study, the annual prevalence was 4%, being the months of higher occurrence May, September, and November. Additionally, the found frequency of calcified cysts (3,3%) was higher compared to live cysts (0,76%). These data indicate that this is an endemic disease in the region, and more effective actions are required to avoid transmission of this parasitosis between humans and animals and reduce cysticercosis frequency on cattle and its economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bovine cysticercosis is a parasitic zoonosis distributed globally and considered as an important reason for economic losses to the beef production chain in Brazil. Also, the consumption of beef containing viable cysticerci vehicles taeniosis to human beings, bringing impacts to public health. Thus, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of cysticercosis in a slaughterhouse located in the municipality of Promissão, State of São Paulo, through a three years period and to estimate the economic losses for cattle farmers resulting from the detection of infected carcasses and viscera. For this, data from 668,601 animals slaughtered and inspected by the Federal Inspection Service (SIF) were used, with 6,587 (0.98%) being considered positive. The main destination of the infected carcasses was the freezing treatment (69.56%) followed by liberation to human consumption, rendering, heat treatment and salting, respectively. We calculated losses to farmers on around US$ 901,172.33. The adoption of sanitary practices should be reinforced at the cattle-producing farms, in addition to improving public policies such as access to basic sanitation and health education for the population, in order to control this zoonosis that persists with a great deal in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathologies such as cysticercosis, fasciolose and hydatidosis are very common in the routine inspection of cattle slaughterers, being described in the literature as one of the main causes of slaughterhouse condemnations for parasites. Considering the concept of unique health, where we have integrated animal, human and environmental health, this work evaluated the occurrence of cysticercosis, fasciolosis and hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest region of São Paulo State, through a retrospective study in a state-controlled abattoir in the city of Torrinha, totaling 24,286 slaughtered animals from 15 municipalities during period of January 2014 to December 2015. It was seen that the medical prevalence's of fasciolosis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis were respectively of 5,61%, 2,41% and 0,64%. It was observed a decrease in the incidence of cysticercosis from 3,24% to 1,49% and also for fasciolosis from 6,15% to 5,01%, when compared the years 2014 and 2015. There was an increase in the incidence of hydatidosis from 0,46% to 0,84% between 2014 and 2015. In addition, a variation on the prevalence was evident between the 15 studied municipalities, from 0,90% to 7,94% for cysticercosis, from 0,17% to 36,47% for fasciolosis and from 0,17% to 5,44% for hydatidosis. Therefore, the results of this survey show a higher prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest of São Paulo State, followed by cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. Such results may serve as an instrument for public policies to control these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study carried out a retrospective survey of a slaughterhouse located in Uberaba-Mg, Brazil, analyzing cases of bovine cysticercosis from February 2016 to February 2018. This study allowed identifying the cities of origin of contaminated cattle and linking the five largest percentages of the disease with the HDI of the cities of origin, since such an index verifies factors such as education, population longevity and per capita income, and such aspects may directly contribute to the increase in incidence of the disease. Although there is no relationship between the highest incidence rates with the lowest HDI's in this study, it was possible to observe that poor education was a relevant and common point in the analyzed municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection in the central nervous system. This disease is presented when a person ingests Taenia solium eggs excreted in feces from another individual infected with taeniasis. In 50% of the cases, neurocysticercosis takes place in the brain parenchyma, and its appearance is less frequent in the posterior fossa and the spinal cord. The case of a patient with an atypical location of the parasite at the medulla oblongata, between parenchymal and spinal areas, is presented. The initial symptoms were common but its subsequent manifestations were similar to those of Bruns syndrome. Furthermore, the epidemiological profile of neurocysticercosis in Colombia, its control measures and prevention strategies were reviewed in this study.

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the occurrence of lesions suggestive of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis in animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection of the Divisão de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPOA), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Condemnation data between the years 2009 and 2017 were obtained from Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI) and presented according to the administrative regions established by SEAPI. In that period, 7,509,544 cattle were slaughtered and condemnations occurred in all regions of the state at varying levels. The mean condemnation values showed the presence of hydatidosis in 523,399 (6.97%), cysticercosis in 92,277 (1.23%), and tuberculosis in 10,595 (0.14%) cattle carcasses. The mean values of hydatidosis diagnoses were higher in the regions of Alegrete (14.19%), Bagé (19.62%), and Pelotas (17.71%). The regions of Osório (1.86%), Santa Maria (2.10%), and São Luiz Gonzaga (1.83%) had highest rates of cysticercosis condemnations. All regions maintained an average bovine tuberculosis diagnosis rate of less than 1% and Estrela region had the highest index (0.70%). Results showed that the three diseases occurred in all regions of the state, the average prevalence rates in each region are variable, and distribution seems to be regionalized. This knowledge contributes to the plans for controlling these diseases, which are zoonoses that cause economic losses to the productive sector.

The efficiency of larval Taenia crassiceps (Tcra) antigens was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose bovine cysticercosis. Three types of antigens were evaluated: total (T), total sonicated (Ts), and membrane (M); these samples included positive and negative control sera for cysticercosis, as well as sera for other pathologies. The sensitivity rates of ELISA were determined to be 85.0 and 81.25% for T antigen, 82.5 and 78.75% for Ts antigen, and 80.0 and 80.0% for M antigen, using cut-off points with standard deviations (SD) of 2 and 3, respectively; the specificity rates of ELISA were 47.5 and 58.75% for T antigen, 65.0 and 73.75% for Ts antigen, and 58.75 and 62.5% for M antigen, using 2 and 3 SD cut-off points, respectively. These results demonstrated that ELISA, which displayed a better performance in the detection of experimentally infected animals, had a higher sensitivity than the anatomical and pathological examination performed (during routine post-mortem inspections) in other studies. However, the post-mortem investigation is highly specific, and the specificity was higher than that of ELISA. Therefore, a combination of these diagnostic tests must be utilized for the accurate detection of bovine cysticercosis, demonstrating the practical applicability of ELISA.

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonosis that affects humans in their adult form (taeniasis) and its larval is found inserted in the musculature of infected cattle (cysticerci). It is still not entirely clear how animal immune response against infection occurs, being the comprehension of this process necessary for the enhancement of diagnostic capacity and disease prevention. This work aimed to evaluate the evolution of the immune response in experimentally infected cattle, compared with findings in cell response by optical microscopy. Nine animals were infected at a rate of 120,000 eggs of Taenia saginata. Five of the animals were similar in the kinetics of antibody production against cysticerci, with maximal levels of IgG and IgM. The other four animals showed an immune response different from the majority, with two of them showing delayed response to infection by cysticerci while the others apparently did not have initial contact with antigens secreted by cysticerci. Regarding the cellular response, it was found that, in lesions of viable cysticerci, inflammatory cells predominated, whereas in nonviable cysticerci there were tissue repair cells in the most part, being possible to notice that the amount of migratory calcareous corpuscles are related to the death stage of the parasite. These findings are important for the understanding immune response of cattle infected with cysticercosis.

The bovine taeniasis-cysticercosis complex can be defined as a set of pathological changes caused by the adult form of Taenia saginata in humans and their larval form in animals (Cysticercus bovis). Data on the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis comes from the records of veterinary inspection of meat in slaughterhouses under fiscalization, where some positive cases may go unnoticed, especially in moderate infections. So, it is relevant the use of serological tests that have greater sensitivity than the post-mortem routine exams. Studies have shown the possible application of the ELISA test as a tool for epidemiological studies of the parasitosis and in the identification of animals with cysts. The aim of this study is to determine the detection threshold of the indirect ELISA test, using experimentally and naturally infected animals in detecting cases of cysticercosis. The sensitivity of the test to naturally infected animals using a cut-off 1 and 2 added with 2 standart-deviation (SD) was of 12% and 24.4%, respectively. However, when using the cut-off of 1 and 2 added with 3 SD, the test sensitivity dropped, represented by 14.4% and 1.99% of the test sensitivity. As for the samples from experimentally infected animals, using the cut-off 1 and 2 added with 2 SD the sensitivity was 55.9% and 92.5%; and adding 3 SD the values found were 31.2% and 86%, respectively. The specificity of the test in all situations tested was 100%. It is important to take into account the right choice of control sera used in the ELISA test, whereas, according to its application, it is necessary to increase the sensitivity or specificity.

Zoonosis are diseases that may be present in sheep, but few studies investigate the prevalence of these diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the zoonosis found in sheep carcasses slaughtered in the State of São Paulo between 2005 and 2015, to determine the zoonosis media were detected in carcass mean and total number of organs. In the evaluated period there was the occurrence of cysticercosis, fasciolosis, hydatidosis and tuberculosis. Cysticercosis proved to be the most prevalent pathology and tuberculosis less. The liver was the organ with the highest prevalence for hydatidosis and cysticercosis. The carcass is the most prevalent for tuberculosis and cysticercosis. The zoonosis detected in the research have shown a great impact on animal production, so more research, investments must be made so that the occurrence and prevention of them decrease, so as to reduce economic losses and the risk to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The taeniasis-cysticercosis complex is a long known zoonotic parasitosis characteristic of underdeveloped countries. In addition to its public health significance, this parasitosis is cause of economic losses to the beef production chain, and synonymous of technical inadequacy in relation to the adoption of Good Agricultural Practices. The occurrences of both human teniasis and bovine cysticercosis could and should be controlled with basic sanitary measures. However, there is much variation in the occurrence of the disease in cattle, characterizing a low rate of technical development as well as problems related to the adoption of basic sanitation measures. This review describes, in details, the causative agent and its epidemiological chain, besides raising current information about the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis in different regions of Brazil, aiming at the adoption of prophylactic measures by different segments responsible.

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Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the importance of human taeniasis/bovine cysticercosis for public and animal health and the economy, its actual epidemiological status in Brazil is not well-studied. We sought to assess the epidemiological profile of this zoonosis in the rural area of Viçosa County, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The prevalence of bovine cysticercosis was 0.42%, whereas no case of human taeniasis was diagnosed. Factors favoring the persistence of zoonosis were identified. These included the supply of untreated water to animals, animals raised for slaughter without sanitary supervision, poor mechanization of raising techniques, and the use of untreated water for human consumption. Bovine meat for human consumption acquired in the city or from the farm itself was characterized as a risk factor for bovine cysticercosis (Odds Ratio (OR) =16.77; pApesar da importância do complexo teníase-cisticercose bovina para a saúde pública, animal e para a economia, a realidade epidemiológica da ocorrência dessas zoonoses no Brasil é pouco conhecida. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil epidemiológico desta zoonose na zona rural do município de Viçosa, MG. A prevalência encontrada de cisticercose bovina foi de 0,42%, e nenhum caso de teníase humana foi diagnosticado. Foi verificada presença de fatores favoráveis a manutenção dessa zoonose, como fornecimento de água sem tratar aos animais, criação de animais destinados ao abate sem inspeção sanitária, criação de bovinos com baixa adoção de tecnologia, e utilização de água sem tratamento. O consumo de carne bovina oriunda da propriedade e da cidade foi caracterizado como variável de risco (OR=16,77; p

A teníase é uma doença que se manifesta no ser humano em decorrência da presença da forma adulta da Taenia sp., enquanto a cisticercose decorre da infecção pelo estágio larvar da Taenia sp. ou Taenia solium, no caso dos suínos e humanos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal visando a determinar a prevalência de cisticercose em suínos e de teníase em 176 propriedades localizadas na zona rural de Viçosa, Minas Gerais (MG). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 226 suínos e fezes de 266 humanos, além da realização de um inquérito epidemiológico. Não foi identificada teníase humana, e a prevalência da cisticercose suína foi de 0,4%. As informações obtidas mostraram que a maioria das pessoas possuía o hábito de consumir carne suína não inspecionada; entretanto, todas as pessoas se alimentavam da carne bem aquecida. Em apenas 1,1% das propriedades, o esgoto era depositado diretamente no solo e em 99,4% destas a água era canalizada, enquanto 88,1% dos suínos eram criados presos. Concluiu-se que, na zona rural do município de Viçosa-MG, a prevalência do complexo teníase-cisticercose foi baixa, mostrando ainda um nível de contaminação inferior ao de outros municípios onde o complexo foi estudado.Taeniasis occurs due to the presence of the adult form of Taenia sp. in human beings, and cysticercosis is caused by the presence of the larval stage of T. solium in pigs and humans. A transversal study was conducted aiming to determine the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and Taeniasis in 176 farms located in rural areas of Viçosa-MG. Blood samples of 226 pigs, and feces samples of 266 humans were collected. An epidemiological survey has also been done. We found a prevalence of 0.4% of porcine cysticercosis and Taeniasis has not been found. The epidemiological data has shown that although most people consumed non-inspected pork, it used to be prepared well-done. Data showed that 88.1% of the pigs are reared in confinement in only 1.1% of the properties the sewer was disposed on the soil, and 99.4% used pipes for water distribution. It can be concluded that the prevalence of the Taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in rural areas of Viçosa (State of Minas Gerais) is lower than in other similar regions.

A dificuldade de se localizar cisticercos em bovinos com infecção discreta torna o diagnóstico tradicional da cisticercose bovina em matadouros um recurso de baixa sensibilidade, o que gera uma demanda de diagnóstico por métodos alternativos como o immunoblot. Para tanto, neste trabalho, foram realizados ensaios de immunoblot a fim de analisar os peptídeos responsáveis pela reação do antígeno vesicular de Taenia crassiceps. Foram utilizadas 28 amostras de soro de bovinos comprovadamente negativos e 28 amostras coletadas de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com ovos de Taenia saginata. Os resultados dos ensaios de immunoblot com as amostras de soros-controle mencionadas indicaram que os peptídeos de 4-6, 14 e 18kDa destacaram-se entre os demais, mostrando altas taxas de desempenho no diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina e uma aparência diferenciada, com área e largura maiores, ao contrário dos peptídeos de média e alta massa molecular, que se apresentaram sob a forma de linha e com reações inespecíficas. O immunoblot mostrou ter um potencial como uma alternativa de diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina, incluindo sua aplicação em animais vivos, como método auxiliar de diagnóstico em estudos epidemiológicos da doença.The diagnosis of cysticercosis in bovines that presents discreet infection is committed by the conventional methodology of detection employed in slaughterhouses. This deficiency leads to the development of alternative methods, such as immunoblot, in order to improve the detection of this disease. An immunoblot assay was developed to detect peptides from Taenia crassiceps antigenand it was used to test 56 samples of bovine serum (28 confirmed as negative and 28 from experimentally infected animals with Taenia saginata eggs). The peptides 4-6, 14 and 18 kDa showed better performance in bovine cysticercosis diagnosis due to an enhanced appearance, once they showed higher area and wide, contrasting with medium and high molecular weight peptides, that showed unspecific reactions and discreet appearance. The obtained results indicated that immunoblot can represent a potential alternative in bovine cysticercosis diagnosis, including its use in live animals, improving the detection of this disease even in epidemiological studies.

A cisticercose é uma helmintíase típica de regiões em desenvolvimento, intimamente relacionada às precárias condições de higiene e saneamento básico, particularmente em áreas de criação extensivas de suínos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: determinar a soroprevalência da cisticercose na comunidade rural de Camalaú-PB; detectar e avaliar fatores de risco relacionados à ocorrência do complexo teníase/cisticercose na comunidade em estudo. A amostra foi constituída por todos os moradores (32 pessoas) residentes na comunidade rural denominada de Sítio Velhão, pertencente ao município de Camalaú-PB. Na primeira etapa, aplicou-se a ficha epidemiológica com a finalidade de identificar fatores de risco para o complexo teníase/cisticercose e fez-se a coleta de sangue. A segunda etapa consistiu em exames sorológicos dos 32 indivíduos, tendo sido utilizada a técnica ELISA para a identificação de anticorpos séricos anticisticercos. Mediante os exames sorológicos, foi obtida uma soroprevalência de 43,75%. Por ocasião da aplicação da ficha epidemiológica, foi possível conhecer vários fatores de risco: poucos contam com fossa séptica e água tratada. No entanto, a maioria cria suínos soltos e os abate para o consumo próprio e da vizinhança. Com base nesses resultados, pode-se deduzir que as pessoas investigadas nesta pesquisa estão inseridas em um contexto que favorece não somente a manutenção, como também a propagação da cisticercose.

Cysticercosis-related mortality has not been studied in Brazil. Deaths recorded in the State of São Paulo from 1985 to 2004 in which cysticercosis was mentioned on any line or in any part of the death certificate were studied. Causes of death were processed using the Multiple Cause Tabulator. Over this 20-year period, cysticercosis was identified in 1,570 deaths: as the underlying cause in 1,131 and as an associated cause of death in 439. Standardized mortality rates with cysticercosis as the underlying cause showed a downward trend and were higher among men and older individuals. Intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, and cerebrovascular diseases were the main associated causes in deaths due to cysticercosis. AIDS was the principal underlying cause of death in which cysticercosis was an associated cause. The counties (municipalities) with the most cysticercosis-related deaths were São Paulo, Campinas, Ribeirão Preto, and Santo André. Wide variation was observed between counties regarding the value ascribed to cysticercosis as the underlying cause of death. This leads to underestimation of the disease's importance in planning health interventions.A mortalidade relacionada à cisticercose na população não tem sido pesquisada no Brasil. Foram estudados os óbitos registrados entre 1985 e 2004 no Estado de São Paulo em que a cisticercose foi mencionada em qualquer linha ou parte da Declaração de Óbito. As causas de morte foram processadas pelo Tabulador de Causas Múltiplas. No período de vinte anos ocorreram 1.570 óbitos, sendo a cisticercose causa básica em 1.131 e causa associada de morte em 439. Os coeficientes padronizados de mortalidade por cisticercose como causa básica apresentaram tendência de declínio, foram maiores entre os homens e nas idades mais avançadas. As principais causas associadas nas mortes por cisticercose foram hipertensão intracraniana, edema cerebral, hidrocefalias, doenças inflamatórias do sistema nervoso central e doenças cerebrovasculares. A AIDS foi a principal causa básica nas mortes com a cisticercose como causa associada. Os municípios com maior número de mortes foram São Paulo, Campinas, Ribeirão Preto e Santo André. Observou-se grande variação entre os municípios na valorização da cisticercose como causa básica de morte, determinando sua subestima para subsidiar o planejamento de políticas de saúde.

Em Barbalha, Ceará, foram realizados levantamentos de casos de cisticercose suína, teníase e neurocisticercose humana causadas por Taenia solium, e realizou-se uma pesquisa quanto aos sistemas de criação de suínos na região. De 85 suínos abatidos em abatedouro local 4,7% apresentavam cisticercose, a maioria dos cisticercos localizava-se na língua e coração. Entre 2001 e 2004, das 302 criações de suínos denunciadas à vigilância sanitária, 96,6% eram chiqueiros. A teníase, entre 1998 e 2003, correspondeu a 1,1% das verminoses diagnosticadas pela Secretária de Saúde Municipal. Entre 2001 e 2003, os casos de neurocisticercose humana corresponderam a 5% das tomografias de crânio requisitadas nos hospitais da região.In Barbalha, municipal district of Ceará state, an assessment of cases of porcine cysticercosis, taeniasis and human neurocysticercosis caused by the Taenia solium was performed in order to evaluate the situation of these diseases. It was also carried out a research about the types of swine farms registered in the area. Considering the 85 swine slaughtered at the slaughterhouse of Barbalha, 4.7% presented cysticercosis. Most cysticerci were located in the tongue and in the heart. Between 2001 and 2004, from 302 swine farms denounced to the Sanitary Surveillance, 9.6% were pigsties. Taeniasis, between 1998 and 2003, corresponded to 1.1% of the helminthes diagnosed by the Municipal Health Office. From 2001 to 2003, the cases of human neurocysticercosis corresponded to 5% of the skull tomographies requested in the hospitals of the area.

Foram avaliados alguns parâmetros inerentes ao ELISA, por meio de ensaios de reatividade de soros-controle positivos e negativos para a cisticercose bovina com relação a três tipos de antígenos de larva de Taenia solium: total, de escólex e de membrana. As concentrações de antígeno de 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4µg por orifício, e as diluições de soro de 1:25, 1:50, 1:100 e 1:200, foram os parâmetros que menos influenciaram no desempenho do teste. A substância bloqueadora, o leite desnatado e as diluições de conjugado, 1:1.250, 1:2.500 e 1:5.000, representaram os melhores indicadores de desempenho do teste. Concluiu-se que essa combinação de critérios deve ser considerada no diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina, em atividades de rotina ou de padronização do referido teste, considerando os três antígenos de larva de T. solium estudados.Some parameters of ELISA were evaluated using positive and negative bovine sera for cysticercosis and three types of antigens of Taenia solium larvae: total, scolex and membrane. The antigen concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2 and 4µg/well) and the serum dilutions (1:25, 1:50, 1:100 and 1:200) were the parameters that influenced less the test performance; while blocking substance, skimmed milk, and conjugate dilutions, 1:1.250, 1:2.500 and 1:5.000 were the best indexes of the test performance. It was concluded that this combination of criteria should be considered in the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis, in routine diagnosis and for the ELISA test standardization.

Com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de neurocisticercose, livros de registro de pacientes internados e ambulatoriais atendidos no setor de neurologia do Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2003, foram analisados. Dos 1.713 atendimentos realizados, observaram-se 13(0,8%) pacientes com diagnóstico de neurocisticercose. Em quatro pacientes o diagnóstico foi estabelecido no período de estudo; nos demais, entre os anos de 1993 e 1999. Com relação ao sexo, a prevalência de neurocisticercose foi de 0,8% no sexo masculino e 0,7% no sexo feminino. Quanto à idade, a prevalência foi maior na faixa etária de 11 a 30 anos (1,3%) e acima dos 50 anos (1,2%). Dos municípios que tiveram casos de neurocisticercose, os de Ângulo, Marialva, Floresta e Mandaguaçu apresentaram as maiores prevalências.Manifestações epilépticas e cefaléia foram as principais queixas dos pacientes diagnosticados. A observação de um caso com a forma ativa e um com a forma transicional, entre os quatro diagnosticados no período analisado, indica que a infecção continua ativa em nosso meio,merecendo das autoridades sanitárias constante vigilância.Register books of ambulatory patients and of the ones in hospital, assisted at the neurology sector of the Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá, State of Paraná, from January, 2000 to June, 2003, were evaluated with the purpose of estimating the neurocysticercosis prevalence. Out of the 1,713 individuals attended, 13 (0.8%) patients were given the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. In four patients, such a diagnosis was established during the study period, and the others were evaluated from 1993 to 1999. Concerning sex, the prevalence of neurocysticercosis was of 0.8% in males and 0.7% in females. As for age, the prevalence was greater in 11-30-year-old patients (1.3%) and in individuals who were above 50 years old (1.2%). With respect to the municipal districts that presented cases of neurocysticercosis, Ângulo, Marialva, Floresta and Mandaguaçu showed the greatest prevalence. Epileptic crises and headaches were the main complaint of the diagnosed patients. The observation of one active case and of a transitional one, among the four cases diagnosed in the study period, indicates that the infection is still active in our environment and that it deserves a constant vigilance from the sanitary authorities.

Colheu-se sangue de sete suínos infectados com ovos de Taenia solium, semanalmente, durante 140 dias, para realizar ELISA no soro, utilizando antígeno de escólex (Es-Tso) de C. cellulosae. Em todos os animais, após o 21º dia pós-infecção, houve incremento significativo de anticorpos IgG, que assim se mantiveram até o final do experimento. A sensibilidade do ELISA variou entre 87,5 e 100%. À necropsia, foram identificados 238 cisticercos. Seis suínos apresentaram pelo menos um cisto no coração, língua ou masseter. Não se observou correlação entre concentração de anticorpos e número de cisticercos identificados.Blood samples from seven swines infected with eggs of Taenia solium, were collected weekly during a period of 140 days. The ELISA was carried out in serum, using antigen from Cysticercus cellulosae scolex (Es-Tso). The antibody levels for all animals significantly increased and maintained constant from the 21th day post-infection to the end of the experiment. The sensitivity of the ELISA test averaged between 87.5% and 100%. At the necropsy, 238 cysticerci were identified. Six swines presented at least one cysticercus in one of the organs: heart, tongue or masseter. No correlation between concentration of antibodies and number of identified cysticerci at necropsy, was observed.

Sanitary inspection of beef and pork meat has been the major tool for diagnosing animal cysticercosis and for preventing taeniasis in Brazil. The indigenous villages Jaguapiru and Bororo are located close to the urban area of the municipality of Dourados in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, where precarious basic sanitation conditions are observed. Both cattle and pigs are raised for self-consumption of meat and milk as well as for sale on the external market, generally without official sanitary inspection. In this study, 96 bovine carcasses and 117 pig blood serum samples from animals raised in these indigenous villages were evaluated for the presence of metacestodes by postmortem evaluation, and anti-Taenia sp. antibodies were investigated using the indirect ELISA test. Metacestode forms were observed in 18.7% of the bovine carcasses, and 9.4% of the pig serum samples were positive for anti-Taenia sp. antibodies. The occurrence of animal cysticercosis in the villages may favor the occurrence of this zoonosis in the indigenous populations. Enforcement of proper slaughter and sanitary inspection conditions are urgently needed for controlling the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex among the indigenous population.A inspeção sanitária da carne bovina e suína tem sido a principal forma diagnóstica da cisticercose animal e da prevenção da teníase no Brasil. As aldeias indígenas Jaguapirú e Bororó estão localizadas próximo à área urbana do município de Dourados-MS, com condições precárias de saneamento básico, onde bovinos e suínos são criados como fonte de alimento para consumo próprio, bem como para comercialização externa, geralmente sem inspeção sanitária oficial. Neste estudo, 96 carcaças bovinas e 117 amostras de soro de suínos, criados nas aldeias indígenas, foram avaliadas para a presença de formas metacestóides à inspeção sanitária e de anticorpos anti-Taenia sp. ao teste ELISA, respectivamente. Observaram-se 18,75% de positividade para cisticercose bovina e 9,4% para cisticercose suína. A ocorrência do complexo teníase-cisticercose nas aldeias pode favorecer a ocorrência desta zoonose na população indígena. Condições adequadas de abate e inspeção sanitária dos animais destas aldeias se fazem urgente para o controle do complexo teníase-cisticercose na população indígena.

No presente artigo, os autores fazem uma revisão dos aspectos epidemiológicos da teníase e cisticercose. A cisticercose é produzida pelo desenvolvimento da forma larval da Taenia, o Cysticercus, nos tecidos, sendo transmitida pela ingestão de ovos de Taenia. A cisticercose humana e animal são consideradas um grande problema sócio-econômico em muitos países. É considerada uma zoonose endêmica, estando distribuída nos países em desenvolvimento, especialmente nas áreas rurais. A invasão da larva no sistema nervoso central em humanos constitui uma séria complicação. A cisticercose é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública dos países em desenvolvimento e a neurocisticercose é considerada a doença parasitária mais comum do sistema nervoso humano. A conservação da carne em temperatura inferior a -15ºC durante seis dias, sua cocção adequada, além da inspeção sanitária das carnes e o diagnóstico e tratamento da teníase humana em áreas endêmicas constituem as principais medidas de controle.Is described a review of the epidemiological aspects of teniasis and cysticercosis. Cysticercosis is caused by the development of the larval form of Taenia, wich results in the Cysticercus in tissues, and is transmitted through ingestion of Taenia eggs. Human and animal cysticercosis are a great socioeconomic problem in many countries. It is a endemic zoonosis and is widespread in developing countries especially in rural areas. Larval invasion of the central nervous system constitutes a serious complication in humans. Cysticercosis is one of the great public health problems in developing countries and the neurocysticercosis is considered the most common parasitic disease of the human central nervous system. The freezing of meat for six days in temperatures below -15ºC, its adequate cooking, meat inspection and treatment individual patients infected with adult worms in endemic areas are the main control measures.

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OBJETIVO: Realizar estudo retrospectivo relativo ao achado de lesões de cisticercose e às localizações mais comumente atingidas em exames usuais de necropsias. MÉTODOS: Foram revistos, retrospectivamente, 1.596 protocolos de necropsias em Uberaba, MG, Brasil, no período de 1974 a 1997, registrando-se: a idade, o sexo, a cor, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a localização do cisticerco. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se relatos de cisticercose em 53 (3,3%) protocolos. A média das idades foi de 50 ± 15,4 anos (variando de 15 a 86 anos), 62,3% eram homens, 64,1% brancos. As localizações encontradas foram: encefálica (79,2%), cardíaca (22,6%), muscular esquelética (11,3%) e outras (5,7%). Não houve diferença estatística das variáveis entre os grupos positivos ou negativos para o diagnóstico de cisticercose. Observaram-se dois casos de neurocisticercose localizados no núcleo ventromedial do hipotálamo. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de cisticercose, bem como a localização cardíaca foram mais freqüentemente encontradas em relação a outros estudos da região. Em dois casos de cisticercose hipotalâmica havia associação com obesidade.OBJECTIVE: To review the incidence and pathologic findings of cysticercosis diagnosed at autopsies, with emphasis on the most common organs affected. METHODS: Reports of 1.596 autopsies performed between 1974 and 1997 at a school hospital in Uberaba, MG, Brazil were studied. The following data were obtained: age, sex, ethnic group, body mass index, and the site of the cysticercosis. RESULTS: The study found diagnosis of cysticercosis in 53 autopsies (3.3%). The average age of patients with cysticercosis was 50 (range: 15 to 86 years); 62.3% were male, and 64.1% Caucasian. The most affected organs were: brain (79.2%), heart (22.6%), skeletal muscle (11.3%), and other organs (5.7%). No statistical differences were found comparing age, gender, ethnic group, and body mass index of the affected and the non-affected patients. In two cases of neurocysticercosis the lesions were located in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION: Both the overall incidence of cysticercosis and the incidence of cardiac cysticercosis were greater in the study than in other autopsy series from the same geographic areas. In two cases there was an association between hypothalamic cysticercosis and obesity.

Realizou-se inquérito sorológico e epidemiológico para cisticercose em indivíduos de cinco municípios da região Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. De 2.180 indivíduos investigados através da reação de imunofluorescência indireta, 69 (3,2%) apresentaram títulos significativos de anticorpos anti-Cysticercus cellulosae. Os percentuais de indivíduos com títulos significativos encontrados em Sarandi (6,6%) e Marialva (4,7%) não diferem estatisticamente (Z=1.319, P=0,0936), mas diferem dos percentuais encontrados em Mandaguaçu, Paiçandu e Maringá (PAn epidemiological and serological study was carried out on a sample of 2,180 individuals, in five counties in the north of Paraná State - Brazil, using the indirect immunofluorescence test to detect anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies. These individuals, 69 (3.2%) showed significant titers of antibodies. No single significant difference between the proportion of reactivity in Sarandi (6.6%) and in Marialva (4.7%) was observed (Z=1,319, P=0,0936), but it was significantly higher than that observed in Mandaguaçu, Paiçandu and Maringá (P

Foi realizada a comparação entre os testes de eritroimunoadsorção por captura (EIAC), imunoenzimático (ELISA) e de hemaglutinação passiva (HAP) utilizados no diagnóstico da neurocisticercose. Foram comparados dois testes já anteriormente utilizados na rotina diagnóstica da neurocisticercose (ELISA e HAP) e um recentemente padronizado (EIAC) para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Cysticercus cellulosae. O antígeno empregado nos três testes foi o extrato salino bruto (ESB), com um rendimento de 0,1; 1 e 1µg proteína/cavidade para os testes EIAC, ELISA e HAP, respectivamente. Quando se analisou um grupo de 58 pacientes com neurocisticercose, a sensibilidade observada foi de 98,2%, 84,5% e 77,2% nos testes ELISA, EIAC e HAP, respectivamente, para um grupo controle de 85 indivíduos, saudáveis ou com outras encefalotipatias, mas sem neurocisticercose, a especificidade foi de 94,1%, 95,3%, 91,8% , respectivamente, nos testes. Esta ordem de escolha poderia ser obedecida na medida dos recursos disponíveis.Comparisons were made among the erythroimmunoadsorption by capture (C-EIA), the immunoenzymatic (ELISA) and passive haemaglutination (P.H.A.) tests used in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. The three tests, two of them routine by in diagnosis, and the third one (C-EIA) recently, standardised were compared for the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies. In the three reactions the antigen utilized was raw saline extract (R.S.E) with a yield of 0.1, 1 and 10 µg protein/cavity for the C-EIA, ELISA and P.H.A tests, respectively. In a group of 58 patients with neurocysticercosis, the sensitivity to the ELISA, C-EIA and P.H.A tests was of 98.2%, 84.5% and 77,2%, respectively. In the control group of 85 individuals, healthy or with encephalopathies other than neurocysticercosis, the sensitivity was of 98.27%, 84.48% and 79.63%, respectively, and the specificity was of 94.1%, 95.3% and 91.8%. This order of choice should be followed, depending on the resources available.

Foi padronizado o teste de eritroimunoadsorção por captura (EIAC) para detecção de anticorpos específicos anti-cisticercos de Taenia solium, classe IgG, no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de pacientes com neurocisticercose. O reagente empregado para detecção de anticorpos específicos foi preparado com hemácias de carneiro em uma concentração de 0,25%, sensibilizadas com antígeno extrato salino bruto (ESB) obtido do Cysticercus cellulosae. A concentração ótima de ESB para sensibilização das hemácias de carneiro foi de 40ug/ml. O rendimento do ESB foi de 0,lug proteína/cavidade. A sensibilidade do teste foi de 84,5% (limite de confiança 95% de 75% a 94%), quando aplicado a 58 amostras de LCR de pacientes com neurocisticercose; e a especificidade foi de 95,3% (limite de confiança 95% de 90,7% a 99,9%) quando 85 amostras de LCR do grupo controle foram analisadas. O teste EIAC foi eficiente para o diagnóstico da neurocisticercose, e é importante para os laboratórios de saúde pública, tendo em vista a fácil execução, alto rendimento e baixo custo.The capture erytroimmunoadsorption (C-EIA) test was standardized for detection of Taenia solium cysticercus-IgG specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with ncurocysticercosis. For the C-EIA test performance a reagent for specific antibody detection was prepared using sheep's red blood cells (SRBC) in a concentration of 0.25% sensitized with crude saline extract antigen (SEA) obtained from Cysticercus cellulosae. The optimum concentration of SEA for SRBC sensitization was 40ug/ml. The yield of SEA was 0.lug protein/cavity. When 58 CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis were analysed the sensitivity of the test was found to be 84.5% and the confidence limit of 95% probability (CL 95%) ranged from 75% to 94%. The specificity was 95.3% (CL 95% from 90.7% to 99.9%) when CSF samples from the control group were analysed. The C-EIA test was shown to be efficient for neurocysticercosis diagnosis and important for public health laboratories, because of its low cost, high reagent yield and ease of use.

Estudou-se a prevalência da cisticercose bovina (Cysticercus bovis) no Estado de São Paulo, no ano de 1986, a partir de fichas de matadouros do Estado sob o controle do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF). Para o estudo da distribuição geográfica, adotou-se a divisão político-administrativa do Estado, formada por 11 Regiões Administrativas (RAs) e a Região Metropolitana (RM), subdivididas em 42 Regiões de Governo (RGs), abrangendo 572 municípios. Aos valores de prevalência obtidos aplicou-se o teste "Z" para duas proporções. O total de abate foi igual a 896.654 cabeças, tendo sido diagnosticados 48.957 casos de cisticercose, correspondendo a uma prevalência de 5,5%. Obteve-se resultados de prevalência para 385 municípios, todas as RGs, RAs e a RM. Apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significantes 97 municípios, 14 RGs e 4 RAs.A retrospective study of Cysticercus bovis in cattle raised and slaughtered in the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, during the year of 1986, was undertaken on the basis of official records of the Brazilian Meat Inspection Service. The analysis of its spacial distribution was carried out in accordance with the political-administrative division adopted by the State Government, composed of 11 Administrative Regions (ARs) and one Metropolitan Region (MR), subdivided into 42 Governmental Regions (GRs), totaling 572 municipalities. The prevalence rates of each political-administrative unit were statistically compared using the "Z" test of two proportions. From records relating to 896,654 head, 48,957 cases of cysticercosis were detected, equivalent to a prevalence of 5.5% in the State. The prevalence results were obtained for 385 municipalities, in 42 GRs, 11 ARs and in the MR. Statistically significant prevalence values were observed in 97 municipalities, in 14 GRs and 4 ARs.

The article presents a study on parasitic lesions in slaughtered cattle for human consumption. It mentions 25% of three hundred and three lesions have various parasites including the metacestodes of Echinocccus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica and Taenia saginata. An overview of the pathogencity and life cycle to human and animal hosts as well as the location of the affected carcass for each parasite is also provided.

In order to standardize a serological test for diagnosing cysticercosis in cattle, 812 animals have been tested, most of them halfblooded zebu cattle, males and females, from age groups ranging from 18 months to 60 months. The animals had come from 139 municipalities in the State of Parana. The animals were identified and slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in the metropolitan region of Curitiba/PR- Brazil. From the animals that presented cysts during the post-mortem inspection, blood samples were also collected and submitted to the ELISA test for antibodies againstC. bovis. The sensitivity coefficient in the ELISA test was 83.6%, and the specificity coefficient was 92.8%. Therefore, the ELISA test proved to be more sensitive than the post-mortem examination, because the latter failed to detect 06 carcasses with mild infection with cysticercosis (PPV 99.7% - ELISA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of cysticercosis in bovines that presents discreet infection is committed by the conventional methodology of detection employed in slaughterhouses. This deficiency leads to the development of alternative methods, such as immunoblot, in order to improve the detection of this disease. An immunoblot assay was developed to detect peptides from Taenia crassiceps antigenand it was used to test 56 samples of bovine serum (28 confirmed as negative and 28 from experimentally infected animals with Taenia saginata eggs). The peptides 4-6, 14 and 18 kDa showed better performance in bovine cysticercosis diagnosis due to an enhanced appearance, once they showed higher area and wide, contrasting with medium and high molecular weight peptides, that showed unspecific reactions and discreet appearance. The obtained results indicated that immunoblot can represent a potential alternative in bovine cysticercosis diagnosis, including its use in live animals, improving the detection of this disease even in epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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