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The present research, adopting the hypothetical deductive method, sought to analyze aspects of political theory presented by Montesquieu, which over the decades have presented narrow links with the evolution of environmental perspectives today, demonstrating the need to deepen concerns with the environment seeking accountability policy through the premises of the precautionary principle and risk as effective instruments for achieving sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text analyzes the argument about algorithmic systems of machine learning and deep learning, especially about artificial neural networks, presented as inscrutable, unfathomable and incomprehensible. It exposes the criticism and the possible ineffectiveness of transparency to support the explainability of Artificial Intelligence solutions. It exhibits the incompatibility of algorithmic opacity with its democratic use in socially important applications. Explains the claim of inscrutability and the impossibility of interpretation the operations performed by the deep learning algorithms allows the construction of a new legal figure, the electronic person, as occurred with the Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics of European Parliament, in 2017. Unable to measure the consequences in the case the proposition be adopted, the text presents the precautionary principle to support the convenience and necessity of regulations and risk restrictions of a technology that extends the power of platforms and large corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of technological innovation is considered fundamental for the development of economic and social activities. Business sectors have been adopting nanotechnologies in their production systems as a competitive element in order to enhance or innovate production. Due to the size of the material worked or the potential obtained on the nano scale, the applications are numerous and growing. But not everything is positive potentiality; There are also risks that, due to the small scale, as well as the alteration of the potentialities of the matter, can present a series of risks to human health and safety, extending to the work environment, since workers, directly involved in productive processes, directly manipulate nanomaterials. The concern of the present research, therefore, is to verify possible parameters for the management of risks and uncertainties related to nanotechnology in the workplace, in order to avoid risks to the health and safety of the worker, since specific legislation or regulations for such purpose are absent. The hypothesis is that even in the absence of specific rules for risk management, the precautionary principle may be adopted to ensure the health and safety of workers in the workplace. The consequent objective is to verify if the principle can be adopted as a basis for risk management in the face of uncertainties, in order to avoid possible injuries to workers' health and safety. For the development of the research we use analytical and hypothetical-deductive methodology, with transdisciplinary aspects, from bibliographic research. After the research, it was concluded that the hypothesis is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of time, man has been degrading the environment, causing several negative reflexes. Once the environment is damaged, it is very difficult, or even impossible, to return to the previous state. Furthermore, the financial reparation is not equivalent, since the environment has no monetary value. The precautionary principle, as a preventive measure, can be an effective measure for environmental preservation. The article aims to analyze the duty to environmental preservation concerning its degradation, checking the constitutional provision and infraconstitutional related to the precautionary principle, in addition to analyzing whether the principle is an effective measure in the protection of the environment, for that, the approached method will be the hermeneutic. It was concluded that the precautionary principle, in allowing to take measures to avoid damage to the environment, even without scientific certainty, is a good way to protect the environment, however, it cannot be dissociated from proportionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to consider the possibility of abolishing the mandatory labeling of transgenic foods, evaluating the principles of the company's social function, precaution and consumer protection, especially regarding its right to information. The methodology used in this research was that of the deductive method and, in terms of means, the research was bibliographical, with the aid of doctrine and legislation. As for the ends, it was a qualitative research. It was concluded that there are several discourses favorable to transgenics, mainly by the agroindustrial sector and government entities that establish partnerships and receive funds from companies related to the sector. These researches conclude that the innovative techniques used in the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are able to produce more food, with quality, at a lower cost and with less area of cultivation. The companies involved with transgenics claim that these innovations seek socioeconomic and environmental development and, consequently, they comply with the principle of the social function provided for in the Constitution. Despite this, there is significant resistance from society against transgenic foods, since these arguments lack more unanimous scientific evidence. Mainly because there are other studies carried out by independent institutions that warn of the emergence of new allergies and intolerances, in proportions of pandemic, and even cancer, associated with the consumption of these foods. Thus, faced with an undeniable impasse, the interested sector, seeking the loss of the obligatory labeling of transgenic foods, starts to speculate the existence of a supposed ideology against transgenics. However, even without going into the heart of the discussion of the positive or negative effects of transgenics, it can be seen that this exoneration conflicts head-on with the precautionary principle. In addition, it represents a social retrogression, as it also offends a fundamental right, that of consumer protection, above all, to be informed and to be able to exercise their freedom of choice for products that are not genetically modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing risk situations and avoiding social and environmental impacts from science and technology is what underlies the precautionary approaches. To identify how academic productions in the science teaching area discuss the Precautionary Principle in education, we carried out a bibliographic survey in Brazilian and international journals in this area, which showed the existence of works that highlight its importance for training science students for citizenship. However, few papers deal with this theme or propose ways to insert it in teaching. When considering these aspects we aim to find ways for using the principle in decision making in situations involving scientific uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analytical and reflective text discusses the role and potentiality of Environmental Journalism while transforming conception of modern and hegemonic thinking - in which man and nature appear separated - given the perspective that contemporary society is surrounded by risks arising from the intensification of the relationship between capitalism and technological development. It seeks to understand how the Environmental Journalism, committed to the sustainability of life, can assist in overcoming such risks from a brief analysis of news about landslides published without regard to the precepts of an engaged journalism nor the precautionary principle - the latter seen as crucial when dealing with uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the precautionary principle and its relationship with causality, first the relationship with natural causality and then with law causality. The precautionary principle is analyzed as a tool for the protection of fundamental rights, especially environmental rights, that is capable of suspending the natural and juridical causality nexus. The article also asks what would be the best causality nexus theory that effectively enables a complete reparation of damage to the environment and to public health in the case of non-application or disproportional application of the precautionary principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Public Forest Management Law represents great change in Brazil's forest policy. Law 11,284/2006, which regulates public forest management for sustainable production, establishes that the Government and its agencies may grant forest concessions to private companies for promoting sustainable logging. Such law, designed mainly for the exploration of areas in the Amazon, has the purpose of bringing together forest conservation and sustainable development, and yet to undermine illegal logging, illegal land appropriation land grabbing and tax evasion. Through forest concessions, the Public Administration would give responsibilities to the concessionaires, declaring that it is unable to provide inspection itself. The approval of Law 11,284/2006 reumed quickly, despite several opinions against its creation. Its constitutionality is being discussed on the Federal Supreme Court. In this study we analyze the Management Law in its socio-legal aspects, in the scope of constitutional, administrative, environmental and civil processual law; as well as its factual outcomes regarding the FLONA Jamari licitation in Rondônia, the first public forest concession on Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]