28 results on '"BARGAINING power"'
Search Results
2. ESTRATÉGIAS E DESAFIOS COMPETITIVOS NA CADEIA DE VINHOS NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ.
- Author
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Beque, Helen Caroline da Cunha and Albuquerque Augusto, Cleiciele
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BARGAINING power , *VITICULTURE , *SEMI-structured interviews , *WINERIES , *WINES , *CUSTOMER loyalty - Abstract
The purpose of this article is to understand how the competitive dynamics of table wine wineries in the state of Paraná occur. To this end, a qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with representatives of wineries and associations of viticulture in Paraná. From the results obtained, it was found that there is a high threat from new entrants and substitute products, while the threat from competitors is low, and the bargaining power of customers and suppliers is different, depending on the characteristics of each winery. The generic strategy used by the companies interviewed, according to the interviewees, is differentiation, and the challenges faced by wineries are linked to the relationship with suppliers, customer loyalty and threats to the maintenance of the vineyards. As a conclusion, it was found that the competitive dynamics of this sector is complex, composed of a respectful competition environment and with different challenges in a market that continues to expand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
3. AMBIENTE COMPETITIVO E BARREIRAS DE ENTRADA ÀS DROGARIAS EM VOLTA REDONDA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL.
- Author
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de Carvalho Costa, Márcio and de Souza Lima, Eduardo
- Subjects
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BARGAINING power , *SEMI-structured interviews , *PARTICIPANT observation , *CONSUMERS , *ACQUISITION of data , *DRUGSTORES , *CHAIN stores - Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the implications for customers of local drugstores with the creation of entry barriers established for large drugstore chains. With the use of data collection via documentary survey, semi-structured interviews and participant observation, the results showed that local drugstore chains occupied important points, saturating the volume of stores by inhabitants and raising the entry barrier that a national drugstore chain needs apply to enter a local market. It is concluded that, during the analyzed period, there was an increase in social benefits and an increase in bargaining power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
4. Trajetória espaço-temporal de uma corporação em rede: a evolução multifuncional do Grupo Algar.
- Author
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Fernandes de Oliveira, Fernando
- Subjects
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DIVISION of labor , *MANUFACTURING processes , *POWER (Social sciences) , *BARGAINING power , *CORPORATIONS - Abstract
The multifunctional and multi-sited corporations maximize advantages executing spatial diffusion and functional diversification. However, the urge for constant expansion doesn't exempt from the political-institutional arrangements necessary to create new spaces for the capital sum. Thus, they are organizations that practice a flagrant influence over the production processes in the geographic space. This paper analyses the spatialities of the Algar Group, considering its horizontality and verticality cuttings, as well as its network organization. Therefore, it enters the arena of space strategies, organizational and sociopolitical ones which permeate the case on screen, the scope of clarifying the capacities of influence, of bargain and the primary power relations. The methodological procedures were based on bibliographic research, documental ones and on the mapping of the obtained information. The analysis points out, therefore, that the spatialities of the Algar Group are like an amalgam of intrinsic distortions to the territorial division of labor in force in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. O DIREITO À INTEGRAÇÃO DO TRABALHO E O SINDICALISMO NO MERCOSUL.
- Author
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Gonçalves Bergamaschi, Joice Duarte, Lobo Muniz, Tânia, and de Oliveira, Lourival José
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FREE trade ,BARGAINING power ,LABOR unions ,GLOBALIZATION ,INDUSTRIAL equipment ,EMPLOYEE rights - Abstract
Copyright of Espaço Jurídico: Journal of Law is the property of Espaco Juridico: Journal of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Comunidade Remanescente de Quilombo, desigualdade e política pública: reflexões sobre um 'caso particular do possível' das mulheres quilombolas em uma comunidade na região norte-rio-grandense.
- Author
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da Paz de Souza, Marcela Fernanda, da Silva, Wagner Luiz Alves, and da Costa, Luzimar Pereira
- Subjects
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BARGAINING power , *PUBLIC investments , *EQUALITY , *COMMUNITIES , *BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases , *INTERSECTIONALITY - Abstract
Most of the Remaining Communities of Quilombo still suffer from high rates of inequality and women´s submission to different forms of oppression. The Negros do Riacho Quilombola Community was demarcated as a field of study. The survey design covers the bibliographic review, the socio-environmental mapping of the territory and the application of a quiz. The result indicates the absence of governmental action, public investment and a limited bargaining power of the community association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Narrativas e sentidos do Programa de Volta para Casa: voltamos, e daí?
- Author
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Bessoni, Enrique, Capistrano, Adélia, Silva, Gabriela, Koosah, Jana, Cruz, Karine, and Lucena, Marcela
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BARGAINING power ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,GOVERNMENT policy ,DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION ,MEDICAL care ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. PARTICULARIDADES DO MERCADO INTERNO DE BOVINOS NO BRASIL: ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE O PROBLEMA DA BARGANHA NAS FEIRAS DE ANIMAIS DO INTERIOR DE ALAGOAS.
- Author
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da Silva Filho, José Adeilton, Gomes Lages, André Maia, and da Graça Derengowski Fonseca, Maria
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL exhibitions , *CATTLE marketing , *GAME theory , *NEGOTIATION , *AGRICULTURAL marketing , *BARGAINING power - Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the effects of bargaining in agricultural markets, specifically the cattle market, based on a theoretical and empirical analysis method. Using primary and secondary data, and theories of cooperative games, through Nash's solution and Rubinstein's theorem, in order to evidence the inequality that can occur in negotiations at agricultural fairs. The results show an inequality between the possible prices between buyer and seller, as also the work diagnosed, through the theories, that for matching the corresponding price with a situation of equality in the bargaining power, it would be necessary a virtual easing of the point of disagreement of the buyer, so in comparison with the model of the Nash solution there would be a difference in bargaining power unfavorable to the seller. The results also show a difference in the seller's patience soon confirming also the existence of disadvantage for the seller during the commercializations by the model of Rubinstein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. APRENDIZADO DE REDE NO CONTEXTO DE INTERCOOPERAÇÃO E FUSÃO DE REDES: A OPÇÃO DE NÃO-FUSÃO.
- Author
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Toigo, Taisson
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,BUSINESS networks ,SOCIAL network analysis ,SOCIAL services ,BARGAINING power ,INFORMATION sharing - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia (RIAE) is the property of Revista Ibero-Americana de Estrategia/UNINOVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. En torno a las condiciones materiales de la libertad: la renta básica como fundamento de la sociedad civil
- Author
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David Casassas
- Subjects
Renta básica ,Libertad republicana como independencia material ,Poder de negociación ,Sociedad civil ,Reciprocidad ,Basic income ,Republican freedom as material independence ,Bargaining power ,Civil society ,Reciprocity ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Con la publicación de Las condiciones materiales de la libertad, Daniel Raventós insiste en la defensa normativa de una renta básica en tanto que herramienta capaz de otorgar independencia material al conjunto de la ciudadanía. Dicho proyecto es presentado como un intento de trasladar al mundo contemporáneo las aspiraciones políticas del grueso del republicanismo democrático revolucionario de los siglos XVII y XVIII y, más adelante, de buena parte de la tradición socialista, a saber: el de cortar de raíz las asimetrías de poder que permean la vida social y poner freno a todas las formas de desposesión de las condiciones materiales necesarias para llevar una vida en condiciones de libertad como ausencia de dominación. En este texto se discuten algunas de las implicaciones filosóficas de tales postulados, a la vez que se ofrece una panorámica de algunos de los debates que dichos planteamientos suscitan en el ámbito de la filosofía moral y política.With the publication of Las condiciones materiales de la libertad, Daniel Raventós stresses the normative defense of basic income as a way to bestow material independence upon all citizens. This project is shown as an attempt to convey into contemporary world the political aspirations of 17th and 18th Century revolutionary democratic republicanism and, later, those of the main body of the socialist tradition, that is: to extirpate the roots of all those asymmetries of power that permeate social life and to put a break on all forms of dispossession of those material conditions that are needed by individuals to lead a life under conditions of non-domination. In this text I discuss some of the philosophical implications of these postulates and I give an outlook on some of the debates that this line of analysis arouses in the domain of moral and political philosophy.
- Published
- 2008
11. IMPACTO NO PODER DE MERCADO DECORRENTE DA FUSÃO ENTRE FRIGORÍFICOS NO MATO GROSSO.
- Author
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Perrone Pinheiro, Fernando Antonio, Ferreira Savoia, José Roberto, Giesbrecht Da Silveira, José Augusto, and Martins Dias Fouto, Nuno Manoel
- Abstract
Copyright of Organizações Rurais & Agroindustriais is the property of Organizacoes Rurais & Agroindustriais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
12. INFORMAÇÃO DE CUSTOS E PODER DE BARGANHA NA NEGOCIAÇÃO COMPRADOR-FORNECEDOR: EXPERIMENTO COM BASE NA TEORIA DA TROCA SOCIAL.
- Author
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Caneca, Roberta Lira, Zanolla, Ercilio, Tibúrcio Silva, César Augusto, and Barbosa Lustosa, Paulo Roberto
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TOTAL cost of ownership ,INDUSTRIAL procurement ,BARGAINING power ,SOCIAL exchange ,SUPPLIERS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Informação Contábil is the property of Revista de Informacao Contabil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
13. Os limites do poder negocial da França na UE: o caso da União para o Mediterrâneo.
- Author
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Guimarães, Maria Helena
- Subjects
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BARGAINING power , *TWENTIETH century , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,MEDITERRANEAN Region politics & government - Abstract
Using a case study on France's initiative to create a Union of the Mediterranean, this article tests the hypothesis that the "largest" states of the European Union, though concentrating major sources of negotiating power, significantly jeopardize their negotiating objectives if they overstretch their negotiating power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
14. REDES DE COOPERAÇÃO DE PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS: OS FATORES COMPETITIVOS APLICADOS EM UMA REDE DE IMOBILIÁRIAS.
- Author
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Alves, Juliano Nunes, Balsan, Laércio André Gassen, Bazzo, Paula Silva, Lubeck, Rafael Mendes, and Grohmann, Márcia Zampieri
- Subjects
REAL property ,DATA analysis ,BARGAINING power ,COST control - Abstract
Copyright of Gestão e Regionalidade is the property of Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
15. Estrutura de mercado e poder de barganha de agroindústrias sucroalcooleiras do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
- Author
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Costa,Mayara B da, Brumatti,Lívia M., and Borges,Ana Claudia G.
- Subjects
Welfare economics ,Sugar cane ,Estado de São Paulo ,General Medicine ,Radius ,Market concentration ,Oligopoly ,Market structure ,Bargaining power ,poder de barganha ,Estrutura de mercado ,Economics ,Monopoly ,setor sucroalcooleiro - Abstract
Ao longo do desenvolvimento da atividade sucroalcooleira, observam-se períodos de concentração do mercado que afetam a dinâmica do setor. Assim, objetiva-se caracterizar as estruturas de mercado e o poder de barganha das agroindústrias sucroalcooleiras do estado de São Paulo, na safra de 2007/08. A partir de fontes secundárias, estabeleceram-se raios de atuação de 100 km e 25,1 km para as agroindústrias e por microrregião. As estruturas de mercado mais observadas nas microrregiões e no raio de 100 km, são as de oligopólio pouco concentrado e monopólio e, no raio de 25,1 km, são as de monopólio e oligopólio pouco concentrado., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 39 n.º 2 (2016)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Market structure and bargaining power at sugarcane industries in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
- Author
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Costa, Mayara B. da, Brumatti, Lívia M., and Borges, Ana Claudia G.
- Subjects
poder de barganha ,sugarcane sector ,state of São Paulo ,Estrutura de mercado ,market structure ,Estado de São Paulo ,bargaining power ,setor sucroalcooleiro - Abstract
In the curse of sugarcane activity, it was observed periods of market concentration that affect the dynamics of the sector. Thus, this study aims to characterize the market structures and the bargaining power of the sugarcane industries of São Paulo, at the harvests of 2007/08. From secondary sources, actuation radius of 100 km and 25.1 km were established for the sugar cane industries and for micro-region. The market structures most observed in the micro-regions, and within a radius of 100km, are the little concentrated oligopoly structures and the monopoly and, in the radius of 25.1km, the monopoly and the little concentrated oligopoly., Ao longo do desenvolvimento da atividade sucroalcooleira, observam-se períodos de concentração do mercado que afetam a dinâmica do setor. Assim, objetiva-se caracterizar as estruturas de mercado e o poder de barganha das agroindústrias sucroalcooleiras do estado de São Paulo, na safra de 2007/08. A partir de fontes secundárias, estabeleceram-se raios de atuação de 100 km e 25,1 km para as agroindústrias e por microrregião. As estruturas de mercado mais observadas nas microrregiões e no raio de 100 km, são as de oligopólio pouco concentrado e monopólio e, no raio de 25,1 km, são as de monopólio e oligopólio pouco concentrado.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Politica nuclear comparada: Um estudo de caso do impacto norte-americano nos programas da India e do Brasil (1946/2018)
- Author
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Artur Cruz Bertolucci, Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Nuclear technology ,Nuclear warfare ,Bargaining power ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Political economy ,Political Science and International Relations ,International security ,Context (language use) ,Treaty ,Nuclear energy policy ,Autonomy ,media_common - Abstract
The knowledge regarding nuclear technology represented a new reality for the generation of energy and international security. The nuclear attacks of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 represented the beginning of the so-called nuclear era and of the “balance of terror” as presented by many analysts such as Raymond Aron, deepened by the arms race in the US-Soviet bipolarity after 1947. Besides the superpowers, different countries had begun to develop their nuclear programs. The cases of Brazil and India stand out, since they develop their research agendas n the 1950s and 1960s, in the Cold War context, as a path to enhance their autonomy and bargaining power. The spread of the nuclear knowledge represented a challenge for the superpowers, and the talks for mechanisms of nuclear proliferation control such as the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) started. This is the context in which Brazil and India develop their nuclear programs under the impact of its bilateral relations with the US. Although, these programs were convergent at first, in the search for nuclear autonomy, adjustments are going to be observed on both policies after the end of the Cold War. The article aims to understand the importance and history of Brazil and India nuclear programs and US weight on these agendas.
- Published
- 2019
18. Determinants of Performance of the Flower Sector
- Author
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Cristiane de Sousa Florencio and Oderlene Vieira de Oliveira
- Subjects
Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Estratégia ,Vantagem Competitiva ,Performance Determinants. Tripod of Strategy. Agribusiness of Flowers ,Determinantes de Desempenho. Tripé da Estratégia. Agronegócio de Flores ,Space (commercial competition) ,Bargaining power ,Determinantes de rendimiento. Trípode de la Estrategia. Agro negocios de Flores ,Originality ,Field research ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Business ,Marketing ,Rivalry ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,Agribusiness ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the performance determinants of the main flower producers of the Serra da Ibiapaba, using the Strategy Tripod. Method: Based on qualitative methodology, field research was carried out through an interview with two flower producers and Instituto Agropolos. Originality / Relevance: In Brazil, there are few works focused on the agribusiness of flowers. Of the research that does exist, few evaluate aspects related to business strategies. Results: The low intensity of competitive forces (competitive rivalry, customer bargaining power, threat of substitutes, or new entrants), intangible resources (human, innovative, and reputational), and informal institutions (satisfaction and identification of the teams with the activity) are determinants of the superior performance of the flower producers surveyed. Theoretical contributions: This study highlights strategic perspectives in explaining specific organizational phenomena through the use of the Tripod (Peng, 2014). There is ample space for discussions about the framework. Management contributions: The results are even more significant for agribusiness managers of flowers located in the Serra da Ibiapaba, to the support the productive chain. The information presented in this study clarifies common errors and highlights empirically recommended decisions to systematize the process and increase the likelihood of success. Objetivo: identificar los determinantes de desempeño de los principales productores de flores de la Sierra de Ibiapaba, utilizando el Strategy Tripod. Método: Con base en la metodología cualitativa, la investigación de campo fue realizada por medio de entrevista con dos productores de flores y el Instituto Agro polos. Originalidad / Relevancia: En Brasil, hay pocos trabajos orientados hacia el agro negocio de flores y cuando existen, pocos son los que evalúan aspectos relacionados a las estrategias de negocios. Resultados: Se puede constatar que la baja intensidad de las fuerzas competitivas (rivalidad de los competidores, poder de negociación de los clientes, amenaza de productos substitutos o nuevos entrantes), los recursos intangibles (humanos, innovadores y reputaciones) y las fuerzas institucionales informales (cultura, satisfacción e identificación de los equipos con la actividad) son determinados en del desempeño superior de las productoras de flores investigadas.Contribuciones teóricas: Trae para la academia las perspectivas estratégicas en la explicación de fenómenos organizacionales específicos por medio de la utilización del Trípode (Peng, 2014), hay amplio espacio para discusiones sobre el framework.Contribuciones para la gestión: Los resultados son aún más significativos para gestores del agro negoció de flores ubicados en la Serra da Ibiapaba, a los órganos de soporte a la cadena productiva, que de posesión de esas informaciones, pueden obtener aclaración sobre errores y aciertos en la toma de decisión, y dirigir esfuerzos para sistematizar el proceso y aumentar la posibilidad de éxito. O agronegócio de flores surgiu no Ceará nos anos 2000, com o intuito deObjetivo: identificar os determinantes de desempenho das principais produtoras de flores da Serra da Ibiapaba, utilizando o Tripé da Estratégia. Método: Baseada na metodologia qualitativa, a pesquisa de campo ocorreu por meio de entrevista junto a duas produtoras de flores e ao Instituto Agropolos. Originalidade/Relevância: No Brasil, existem poucos trabalhos voltados ao agronegócio de flores e quando há, são escassos os que avaliam aspectos relacionados a estratégias empresariais. Resultados: Pode-se constatar que a baixa intensidade das forças competitivas (rivalidade dos concorrentes, poder de barganha de clientes, ameaça de produtos substitutos ou novos entrantes), os recursos intangíveis (humanos, inovadores e reputacionais) e as forças institucionais informais (cultura, satisfação e identificação das equipes com a atividade) são determinantes do desempenho superior das produtoras de flores pesquisadas. Contribuições teóricas: Traz para a academia as perspectivas estratégicas na explicação de fenômenos organizacionais específicos por meio da utilização do Tripé (Peng, 2014), há amplo espaço para discussões sobre o framework. Contribuições para a gestão: Os resultados são ainda mais significativos para gestores do agronegócio de flores localizados na Serra da Ibiapaba, aos órgãos de suporte a cadeia produtiva, que de posse dessas informações, podem obter esclarecimento sobre erros e acertos na tomada de decisão, e direcionar esforços a fim de sistematizar o processo e aumentar a possibilidade de êxito.
- Published
- 2018
19. Dois ensaios sobre cadeias de valor
- Author
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Cabral, Rodolfo Arruda, Escolas::EESP, Monte, Daniel, Pessoa, João Paulo, Rodrigues, Mauro, Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de, and Ornelas, Emanuel
- Subjects
Terceirização ,Input-output ,Poder de barganha ,Value chains ,Organizational structure ,Bargaining power ,Estrutura organizacional ,Insumo-produto ,Manufacturing sector ,Economia ,Comércio internacional ,Indústria de transformação ,Cadeias de valor - Abstract
Esta tese é composta por dois ensaios sobre cadeias de valor. Os ensaios são complementares entre si à medida que abordam o tema a partir de perspectivas distintas: o primeiro artigo é teórico e o segundo, empírico. O primeiro capítulo estuda como variações nos poderes de barganha sobre a contribuição incremental dos estágios em uma cadeia de valor provocam mudanças na estrutura organizacional do processo produtivo e modificam o lucro da firma que coordena a organização das etapas. O segundo capítulo apresenta um panorama do desempenho comercial da indústria brasileira ao longo das últimas décadas, com ênfase no crescimento das cadeias globais de valor. Para tanto, calcula-se uma série de indicadores que permitem contextualizar as recentes mudanças estruturais pelas quais vem passando a economia do Brasil, em particular a sua indústria de transformação. This thesis is composed of two essays related to value chains. The essays are complementary to each other as they approach the subject from different perspectives: the first article is theoretical and the second, empirical. The first chapter studies how variations in bargaining powers over the incremental contribution of stages in a value chain induce changes in the organizational structure along the production line and modify the profit of the firm that coordinates the organization of the stages. The second chapter presents an overview of the international trade performance of the Brazilian manufacturing sector over the last decades, with emphasis on the growth of global value chains. In order to do so, we calculate a series of indicators that allow us to contextualize the recent structural changes that Brazilian economy has undergone, in particular its manufacturing sector.
- Published
- 2018
20. Uma Abordagem de Teoria dos Jogos sobre Operações de Aluguel no Mercado Acionário Brasileiro
- Author
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Luciana de Andrade Costa and Kym Marcel Martins Ardison
- Subjects
Transaction cost ,Stock lending ,Equity (finance) ,Monetary economics ,lcsh:Business ,Aluguel de ações ,Jogos de barganha ,Subgame perfect equilibrium ,Incentive ,Bargaining power ,Interest on equity ,Accounting ,lcsh:Finance ,lcsh:HG1-9999 ,Business ,Juros sobre capital próprio ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,Database transaction ,Finance ,Stock (geology) ,Bargaining games ,Investment fund - Abstract
No mercado brasileiro, a instituição dos juros sobre capital próprio (JSCP) abriu precedentes para ganhos, em operações estruturadas, oriundos da diferença entre as alíquotas tributárias das pessoas físicas e dos fundos de investimento. Tal diferença gera incentivos à realização de operações de aluguel de ações em que, às vésperas do pagamento de JSCP, os investidores pessoa física emprestam suas ações aos fundos de investimentos, os quais recebem integralmente os JSCP e repassam apenas 85% do valor aos investidores. Nosso objetivo é compreender como o excedente gerado por meio dessa operação de arbitragem tributária é dividido entre os agentes envolvidos na operação de aluguel de ações e determinar se existem condições nas quais os agentes não terão incentivos para realizar tal operação. Através de uma abordagem de jogos não cooperativos, estruturamos essa operação e analisamos possíveis equilíbrios de Nash Perfeito em Subjogos em três situações: (1) relação direta entre investidor e fundo de investimento e ausência de custos de transação; (2) relação direta entre investidor e fundo de investimento e presença de custos de transação; e (3) relação entre investidor e fundo de investimento intermediada por uma corretora, e presença de custos (menores) de transação. Nos casos em que a corretora não realiza a intermediação, mais contratos tendem a ser fechados, mas o ganho do fundo apenas cobre os custos de registro da operação. Essa situação se reverte quando admitidos custos de transação elevados, em que, no caso extremo, o investidor perde seu poder de barganha e seu ganho compensa apenas sua aversão ao risco. Ao introduzirmos a corretora na operação, somente investidores que possuam uma quantidade mínima de ações receberão ofertas do fundo via corretora. O ganho do fundo tende a diminuir devido à presença da corretora e, em determinadas situações, o investidor perde seu poder de barganha e aceita qualquer contrato que compense sua aversão ao risco. In Brazil's market, the institution of interest on equity transactions provides a precedent for gains resulting from the difference between the tax rates of individuals and those of investment funds through structured transactions. This difference creates incentives to lend stock; on the eve of an interest payment on equity, individual investors lend their stock to investment funds, which receive the interest in full and return only 85% of its value to the investors. Our goal is to understand how the surplus generated in this tax arbitration is split among the agents involved in the stock-lending transaction and to determine whether there are conditions under which the agents would have no incentive to conduct such a transaction. Using a non-cooperative games approach, we have structured this transaction and analyzed possible subgame perfect Nash equilibriums in three situations: (1) a direct relationship between the investor and the investment fund and an absence of transaction costs; (2) a direct relationship between the investor and the investment fund and the presence of transaction costs; (3) a relationship between the investor and the investment fund through a broker and the presence of (lower) transaction costs. In the cases in which the broker does not mediate the relationship, more contracts tend to be signed, but the fund's gain will only cover the record-keeping costs of the transaction. This situation is reversed in the presence of high transaction costs: in extreme cases, the investor loses bargaining power and his/her gain compensates only for his/her risk aversion. When a broker is introduced in to stock lending, only those investors who have a minimum amount of stock will receive offers from the fund through the broker. The fund's gain tends to decrease due to the broker's presence and in some situations, the investor loses bargaining power and accepts any contract that compensates for his/her risk aversion.
- Published
- 2014
21. A moderação da concentração setorial no efeito do ambiente institucional na performance empresarial
- Author
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Kallás, David, Escolas::EAESP, Andreassi, Tales, Lazzarini, Sérgio G., Marcon, Rosilene, Xavier, Wlamir Gonçalves, and Bandeira-de-Mello, Rodrigo
- Subjects
Custos de transação ,Transaction costs economics ,Instituições ,Opportunism ,Industry concentration ,Eficiência organizacional ,Institutions ,Concentração setorial ,Planejamento empresarial ,Poder de barganha ,Administração de empresas ,Bargaining power ,Economia dos custos de transação ,Oportunismo ,Desempenho - Abstract
O presente estudo avança a compreensão da performance empresarial ao propor que condições dos setores, especificamente a concentração setorial, moderam a relação entre instituições e desempenho das firmas. Já é sabido que o ambiente institucional impacta o desempenho das firmas (Makino, Isobe, & Chan, 2004) e que as reformas pró-mercado contribuem para que esse efeito seja positivo, tanto para firmas domésticas como estrangeiras (Cuervo-Cazurra & Dau, 2009). A explicação desse efeito é baseada na economia dos custos de transação (Coase, 1937; Commons, 1934). Contudo, não se sabe se o efeito é o mesmo para todos os setores e se fatores moderam a relação. Esta tese contou com 230.222 observações referentes a 10.903 empresas em 64 países em um intervalo de 23 anos coletados em diferentes bancos de dados. Foi testada a interação de seis variáveis institucionais com o índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) para três variáveis dependentes diferentes: retorno sobre ativos (ROA), retorno sobre patrimônio líquido (ROE) e crescimento de vendas composto de três anos. Duas estratégias empíricas foram utilizadas: modelos com efeitos fixos e modelos hierárquicos (multinível). Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que a interação do HHI é significante e negativa com quatro variáveis institucionais: voice and accountability, efetividade do governo, qualidade regulatória e controle da corrupção. Concentração setorial modera o efeito do ambiente institucional na performance empresarial. Em contextos onde as instituições são sólidas, a força de agentes como sindicatos, associações, imprensa e consumidor assume poder de barganha, refreando o poder das empresas e o oportunismo. Regras legais, direito comum e instituições tendem a limitar o poder unilateral em relações contratuais de todos os tipos, independe da fonte do poder (Macneil, 1980). Observou-se adicionalmente que a proteção ao oportunismo se dá principalmente por meio das instituições informais, como a proteção à democracia, direitos do consumidor e controle da corrupção. Ao propiciar poder aos outros agentes que interagem com as empresas, instituições fortes garantem o enforcement de compromissos contratuais, em particular os contratos sociais (Argyres & Liebeskind, 1999). Como implicações, essa tese propõe que estratégias de expansão dentro do setor, aquisição de participação de mercado e fusões e aquisições dentro do setor são mais adequadas em ambientes institucionais mais fracos que em ambientes fortes. Empresas que possuem alta participação de mercado devem reconhecer o impacto negativo que podem sofrer em seu desempenho a partir de melhorias institucionais. Finalmente, o estudo reforça a importância do reconhecimento por parte de governos de que setores e firmas se beneficiam de forma desigual das mudanças institucionais. O conhecimento prévio desses impactos pode servir de direcionamento para a formulação de políticas públicas justas e eficientes. As principais limitações estão relacionadas à base de dados, exclusivamente composta de empresas com capital aberto, a forma pela qual a classificação de algumas empresas diversificadas foi feita e o fato dessa tese não investigar diretamente o poder de barganha nem ao menos o oportunismo, mas somente o poder moderador da concentração setorial no efeito das instituições no desempenho. This research extend the understanding of firm performance by proposing that industry conditions, specifically industry concentration, moderates the relation among institutions and firm performance. It is already known that institution matters (Makino et al., 2004) and that promarket reforms positively affect firms’ profitability in developing countries for both domestic and foreign firms (Cuervo-Cazurra & Dau, 2009). The explanation is based on transaction costs economics (Coase, 1937; Commons, 1934). However, it is not known whether this effect is the same for all industries and if there is any moderating effect. This thesis built a database of 230,222 observations of 10,903 companies in 64 countries in a 23 years interval. Data was gathered from various sources. Regressions tested the interaction between the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and six institutional variables, considering three dependent variables: return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and 3-year compound annual sales growth rate. Two empirical strategies were used: fixed effects and hierarchical (multilevel) models. Results confirmed the hypothesis and were significant for the negative interaction between HHI and four institutional variables: voice and accountability, govern effectiveness, regulatory quality and control of corruption. Industry concentration moderates the effect of institutions on firm performance. When institutions are strong, the strength of stakeholders like unions, associations, press and consumers became bargaining power, limiting firms power and opportunism. Legal rules and institutions, common law and others, limit unilateral power in contractual relations of al kinds, whatever may be its source (Macneil, 1980). In addition, this thesis proposes that the protection against opportunism is mainly on informal institutions, like democracy protection, consumer rights and control of corruption. Strong institutions enforce contractual commitments, in particular, social contracts (Argyres & Liebeskind, 1999). As a result, this thesis argues that strategies of expansion within the industry, as market share dominance, mergers and acquisitions and growth strategies may fit better on weak institutional contexts. Firms that have high market share must acknowledge the negative impact of institutional improvements. Finally, governs must understand that industries and firms benefit unequally from institutional changes. Anticipating this knowledge may drive the formulation of efficient and fair public policies. The main limitations are the database was exclusively made of public traded companies, problems on industry classification for diversified firms, and that this work did not directly investigate the bargaining power or opportunism, but the moderating effect of industry concentration.
- Published
- 2014
22. Determinantes nacionais e setoriais da estrutura de capital na América Latina
- Author
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Henrique Castro Martins and Paulo Renato Soares Terra
- Subjects
capital structure ,lcsh:Management. Industrial management ,Leverage (finance) ,Latin Americans ,Financial development ,financial development ,media_common.quotation_subject ,modelo linear hierárquico ,Financial system ,Institutional quality ,Estrutura de capital ,lcsh:Accounting. Bookkeeping ,América Latina ,Debt ,institutional quality ,Latin America ,hierarchical linear model ,Economics ,Dynamism ,Stock (geology) ,media_common ,Multilevel model ,desenvolvimento financeiro ,Capital structure ,General Medicine ,lcsh:HF5601-5689 ,Bargaining power ,lcsh:HD28-70 ,Economic system ,qualidade institucional ,Hierarchical linear model - Abstract
Este estudo identificou o papel do ambiente nacional (Macroeconomia, Desenvolvimento Financeiro e Qualidade Institucional) e das características dos setores de atividade (Munificência, Dinamismo, Concentração, Ciclo de Vida, Dispersão da Eficiência Tecnológica, Dispersão da Qualidade dos Produtos, Poder de Barganha dos Clientes e Poder de Barganha dos Fornecedores) sobre o endividamento de 612 companhias abertas de sete países da América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México, Peru e Venezuela). Para fins de comparação, estende-se a análise, também, a 847 companhias dos Estados Unidos. O período estudado é o de 1996-2009 e, para a análise, utiliza-se o Modelo Linear Hierárquico, que permite controlar os efeitos de acordo com o nível das variáveis (país, setor, tempo e firma). Os resultados sugerem que o Desenvolvimento Financeiro facilita o acesso a recursos de terceiros e que a Qualidade Institucional é negativamente relacionada com a Alavancagem das empresas. Encontraram-se, também, evidências de que a Qualidade Institucional pode promover o desenvolvimento assimétrico entre o mercado acionário e o de crédito. This study identified the role of the national environment (the Macroeconomy, Financial Development and Institutional Quality) and industry characteristics (Munificence, Dynamism, Concentration, Life Cycle, Technological Efficiency Dispersion, Product Quality Dispersion, Customer Bargaining Power and Supplier Bargaining Power) on debt of 612 listed companies from 7 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela). For comparison purposes, the analysis is also extended to 847 U.S. companies. The period of study is 1996-2009 and the analysis employed a Hierarchical Linear Model, which controls the effects according to the level of the variables (country, industry, time and firm). The results suggest that Financial Development eases access to external funds and Institutional Quality is negatively related to firm Leverage. The research also finds evidence that institutional quality can promote asymmetrical development between stock markets and credit markets.
- Published
- 2014
23. International and domestic conditioning factors : Brazil and the G-20 in the agricultural negotiations of the Doha round
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Maria Izabel Valladão de Carvalho
- Subjects
Relações econômicas internacionais ,media_common.quotation_subject ,négociations multilatérales de commerce ,groupe G-20 ,two-level games ,Rodada Doha ,Credibility ,Economics ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,European union ,media_common ,Agribusiness ,business.industry ,General Social Sciences ,Comércio internacional ,Negotiation ,Bargaining power ,Economy ,Agriculture ,General partnership ,multilateral trade negotiations ,lcsh:H1-99 ,jeux à deux niveaux ,business ,G-20 - Abstract
This article analyzes Brazil's performance during the agricultural negotiations in the Doha Round, considering the implications of domestic backing for the country's credibility vis-à-vis the G-20 and the coalition's contribution to increasing Brazil's bargaining power in relation to pressure from the United States and the European Union. The study investigated the positions of agribusiness interest groups, G-20, United States, and European Union in distinct negotiating phases. The theoretical framework used here was the two-level game model. The following observations emerged: domestic backing evolved over the course of the Doha Round; the G-20 helped increase Brazil's bargaining power; and the intensification of disagreements between agribusiness and the negotiations and clashes between agricultural exporting countries and net food importers inside the G-20 eroded Brazil's capacity to act via the coalition and shifted it away from the group in 2008. The study explores the consequences of Brazil's decision for the partnership between Brazil and India. ______________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ Dans cet article, on examine le rôle du Brésil dans les négociations agricoles de la Rencontre de Doha en considérant les conséquences du soutien intérieur à la crédibilité du pays auprès du G-20 et la contribution de la coalition en vue d'élargir le pouvoir de négociation du Brésil face aux pressions des États Unis et de l'Union Européenne. Dans ce but, on examine les positions des groupes d'intérêt de l'agrobusiness, du G-20, des USA et de l'UE dans différentes phases de négociation. Le modèle théorique choisi a été celui des jeux à deux niveaux. On a constaté que le soutien intérieur subissait une évolution tout au long du sommet; le G-20 a aidé le Brésil à augmenter son pouvoir de négociation; l'intensification des désaccords de l'agrobusiness dans les négociations et les divergences entre pays exportateurs agricoles et importateurs nets d'aliments à l'intérieur du G-20 ont diminué la possibilité du Brésil d'agir à travers la coalition, ce qui l'a amené à s´écarter du groupe en 2008. Les conséquences de la décision brésilienne sur le partenariat Brésil-Inde ont également été examinées.
- Published
- 2010
24. Poder de barganha dos sindicatos e negociações coletivas na indústria do Rio Grande do Sul, 1979-1995
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Carlos Henrique Horn
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Welfare economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,collective bargaining ,Relative price ,Collective bargaining ,Manufacturing sector ,Bargaining power ,Economy ,industrial relations ,Order (exchange) ,trade unions ,Political Science and International Relations ,Unemployment ,Economics ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,media_common - Abstract
Bargaining power of the unions and collective bargaining in the industry of the Rio Grande do Sul, 1979-1995. This paper analyses the relationship between bargaining outcomes in seventeen units regarding the manufacturing sector in Rio Grande do Sul, and change in the relevant economic environment from 1979 to 1995. Theories on the determinants of bargaining outcomes are discussed in order to provide a basis for hypothesizing about the specific case. Statistical outcomes suggest that collective bargaining have been basically influenced by unemployment, manufacturing relative prices, the stabilization policies starting in 1986, and, specifically for negotiated minimum wages, change in the official rates of minimum wages.
- Published
- 2008
25. Institutional and political constraints and bargain power in agriculture international negotiations : the case of EU
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Maria Izabel Valladão de Carvalho
- Subjects
Relações internacionais ,History ,Member states ,Trade multilateral negotiations ,decision making process in foreign policy ,processo decisório em política externa ,Processo decisório ,Negociação ,Politics ,Bargaining power ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Economy ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,Negociação multilateral de comércio ,European Union ,Ratification ,Common Agricultural Policy ,União Européia - Abstract
Neste artigo se analisa a influência das instituições políticas e da Política Agrícola Comum sobre o comportamento da UE nas negociações internacionais no âmbito da agricultura. Procura-se demonstrar que aqueles fatores colaboram para tornar o ambiente ratificador da UE limitado, aumentando o seu poder de barganha e reduzindo a margem de manobra dos adversários. A pesquisa enfoca, dessa maneira, o modo como os interesses dos Estados-membro são canalizados pelas instituições, bem como o desempenho da UE em relação ao comportamento dos EUA e do Brasil nas Rodadas Uruguai e Doha. This article analyses the influence of political institutions and of the Common Agricultural Policy on the EU's behavior in international agricultural negotiations. It aims at demonstrating that those factors contribute to make the EU's ratification context restricted, increasing its bargaining power and reducing the leverage of its opponents. Therefore, this paper considers how the member states' interests are channeled by the institutions and the role of the EU in relation to the behavior of the USA and of Brazil in the Uruguay and Doha Rounds.
- Published
- 2006
26. Alguns condicionantes do ambiente institucional da filière das plantas medicinais no Brasil
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Enio Antunes Rezende and Maria Teresa Franco Ribeiro
- Subjects
Transaction cost ,Engineering ,Appropriation ,Filière das plantas medicinais ,Bargaining power ,business.industry ,Welfare economics ,Brasil ,Sample (statistics) ,Ambiente institucional ,Evolutionism ,business ,Condicionantes - Abstract
Este artigo busca divulgar os resultados da dissertação "A Filière das Plantas Medicinais no Brasil - Um Breve Recorte a Partir de Abordagens Econômicas Dinâmicas". Seu foco é a percepção do ambiente institucional dessa filière através de atores entrevistados. As abordagens empregadas foram a Teoria dos Custos de Transação, a Teoria Evolucionista e a Teoria da Coerência Corporativa. As técnicas empregadas na coleta de dados foram a entrevista e a observação não-participante. Auferiu-se que os dois fatores que mais afetam os custos de transação e que acabam por definir a escolha dos arranjos contratuais pelas firmas na amostra da filière estudada são a incerteza e a especificidade de ativos. Conclui se que existe uma assimetria de informações e ativos específicos entre os atores da filière, o que possibilita a apropriação iníqua dos ganhos por atores com maior poder de barganha, devido a uma disfunção reguladora e indutora do desenvolvimento na esfera institucional. This paper aims to publicize the results of the dissertation "The Filière of Medicinal Plants in Brazil - A Brief Outline from Dynamic Economic Approaches" concerning the perception of it's actors with the institutional sphere. The approaches utilized were from the Theory of Transaction Costs, the Evolutionist Theory and the Theory of Corporate Coherence. The techniques employed were the interview and the nonparticipant observation. It follows that the two factors which affected the most the transaction costs and which end up defining the choice of the contractual arrangements by the concerns in the sample of the filière studied, are the uncertainty and the specificity of assets. It's concluded that an asymmetry of information and specific assets among the actors of the filière exists, which enables the support of the appropriation of the gains by actors with the greatest bargaining power, due to a dysfunction regulating and inducing the development in the institutional sphere.
- Published
- 2003
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- View/download PDF
27. Partis et Commissions dans le Présidentialisme de Coalition
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Fabiano Santos
- Subjects
presidentialism coalition ,Constitution ,committees ,partis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Social Sciences ,Lawmaking ,Public administration ,présidentialisme de coalition ,Democracy ,Bargaining power ,Incentive ,Order (exchange) ,parties ,Loyalty ,Economics ,lcsh:H1-99 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,comissions ,Administration (government) ,media_common - Abstract
This article argues that the Brazilian President’s lawmaking powers, especially related to budget-making, crucially modify the incentives for more or less cooperative behavior among House members vis-à-vis their respective party representations in Congress, comparing the two democratic periods in Brazil: 1946-64 and post-1988. During the former period, given the President’s reduced agenda powers, Congress had greater freedom to define its approach to the President’s policy program without running the risk of retaliation in the form of lost patronage and budget resources. During the post-1988 period, since budget-making initiative is concentrated in the hands of the Executive Branch, the President’s bargaining power has expanded, requiring Congress to organize in more disciplined parties in order to more efficiently pressure the Administration to comply with agreements for mutual support. The study’s empirical section begins by identifying the pattern of coalitions that allowed for the developmentalist project in the 1950s as contrasted with the partisan coalition pattern that approved the constitutional reforms during the Cardoso Administration. The second section analyzes the parties’ policies towards the composition of crucial standing committees, demonstrating the impact of party loyalty on obtaining seats in the Committee on the Constitution and the Judiciary and the Committee on Finances and Taxation. The impact of party loyalty was significant in the former period and non-significant in the latter. Dans cet article, on soutient que les pouvoirs législatifs du Président de la République, surtout les pouvoirs concernant le budget, influent de façon décisive sur les incitations à un comportement plus ou moins coopératif de la part des députés par rapport à leurs partis quand on compare deux périodes démocratiques au Brésil: 1946-1964 et l’après 1988. Dans la première période, en raison des pouvoirs réduits d’imposer un calendrier par le président, les législateurs disposaient d’une plus grande liberté pour définir leur comportement face au programme politique du président sans courir le risque de subir des représailles lors de leurs demandes d’appui et de fonds budgétaires. Dans la période actuelle, compte tenu de la concentration des initiatives concernant le budget entre les mains de l’Exécutif, le pouvoir de marchandage du président grandit, ce qui oblige les députés à s’organiser de façon plus disciplinée dans les partis afin d’exercer une pression efficace sur le gouvernement pour l’accomplissement des accords établis entre eux. Dans la partie empirique de ce travail, on examine d’abord le modèle de coalitions qui a permis le projet de développement des annnées 50 par opposition au modèle de coalition défini par les partis qui a approuvé les réformes constitutionnelles de la période FHC. Ensuite, on examine la politique des partis en vue de la formation de commissions permanentes fondamentales où l’on constate l’impact de la loyauté de parti pour l’acquisition d’une place dans la CCJ et dans la CFT, de façon significative et positive dans la première période, et non significative dans la seconde période.
- Published
- 2002
28. Compliance in 'exceptional' trade disputes: a set-theoretical approach
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Rodrigo Fagundes Cezar
- Subjects
WTO disputes ,general exceptions ,qualitative comparative analysis ,domestic politics ,bargaining power ,compliance ,Political science ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
Abstract This article uses the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method to examine the combinations of conditions that explain the length of World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes that invoke General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs’ (GATT) General Exceptions (Article XX). Using the Brazil-EC controversy over retreaded tires as an example, the work underscores the importance of the mobilization of civil society organizations such as NGOs and think tanks in association with power asymmetry and/or veto players. The article contributes to understanding the causal complexity and empirical heterogeneity of “exceptional” disputes (disputes in which a party invokes GATT’s General Exceptions).
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