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O valor da marca é considerado o aspecto mais importante da marca, que é um conjunto de responsabilidades e ativos das marcas, seu símbolo ou nome que subtraem de ou adicionam o valor fornecido por um produto ou serviço para uma empresa e clientes. Dessa forma, o esforço da pesquisa atual foi identificar a inter-relação das dimensões de valor da marca baseadas no cliente (reconhecimento da marca, fidelidade à marca, imagem da marca e qualidade do serviço) na indústria hoteleira paquistanesa. Os dados foram coletados de 821 consumidores que experimentaram os serviços dos hotéis cinco estrelas paquistaneses de vários locais. Mediar a regressão e as análises de regressão em etapas foram aplicada para investigação das hipóteses do estudo. Os resultados apontaram as influências significativas e positivas da qualidade do serviço em todas as outras dimensões do valor da marca, enquanto as mediações parciais foram aprovadas entre as variáveis. As implicações dos pesquisadores e profissionais são discutidas.

Abstract Background: Continuous use of commercial herbicides is posing a severe threat to environment and creating herbicide resistant weeds. Allelopathy offers a promising alternative to commercial herbicides for sustainable weed management. The farmers are highly concerned with maximum yield as well as cost of the weed control techniques. Objective: To investigate economic and weed control efficiency of allelopathic crop water leachates mixed with lower rates of herbicide. Methods: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) crop leachates (18 L ha-1 each) tank mixed with lower doses (25, 33 and 50% of recommended dose) of S-metolachlor+atrazine were sprayed as pre-emergence for horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) management in maize (Zea mays L.). Label dose (1,080 g a.i. ha-1) of herbicide (S-metolachlor+atrazine) and a weedy check treatment were also maintained. Results: The results showed that rapeseed+sunflower+sorghum allelopathic leachates mixed with half dose (540 g a.i. ha-1) of S-metolachlor+atrazine was effective against horse purslane and increased maize yield (grain) by 45% and 5% as compared with control and label dose of herbicide, respectively. Likewise, economic analysis showed that the same treatment was most economical with 40% and 9% higher net benefits than control and label dose of herbicide, respectively and 2407% marginal rate of return. It also gave an additional benefit of US$ 24.07 for investment of every US$1. Conclusions: By using this technique, herbicides use can be minimized by 50% for sustainable weed management without compromising maize yield and net benefits.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to explore the growth stimulating effect of foliage applied brassica water extract on growth and productivity of bread wheat (cv. Punjab 2011) at low and high fertilizer doses. The brassica water extract (5%) and the commercial growth regulator benzyl amino purine (BAP) (5 ppm) were applied alone and in combination at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) under low fertilizer dose (125 kg ha-1 N and 90 kg ha-1 P) and high fertilizer doses (225 kg ha-1 N and 150 kg ha-1 P). Application of the brassica water extract (5%) significantly improved morphological traits such as crop growth rate, leaf elongation, leaf area index, plant height and number of productive tillers under both fertilizer regimes. Similarly, growth regulator benzyl amino purine (5 ppm) application enhanced the growth and yield components of wheat. However, maximum grain yield (6.20 t ha-1) was recorded with combined application of the brassica water extract (5%) and BAP (5 ppm) under the high fertilizer dose followed by individual application of the brassica water extract (5%) and BAP where 5.39 and 5.94 t ha-1 grain yields were recorded. Biological yield also showed an almost similar trend under the influence of the allelopathic water extract of brassica and BAP. Economic and marginal net benefits of 1521.6 and 237.0 USD ha-1 were respectively achieved with the application of the brassica water extract under the lower and higher fertilizer applications, respectively. The foliage applied 5% brassica water extract and BAP (5 ppm) was the most effective and had a stimulating impact on the growth and productivity of wheat.

ABSTRACT: Use of synthetic herbicides to control weeds poses serious threats to sustainable agricultural production around the globe. The phytotoxic effect of different plant water extracts (i.e., sorghum, sunflower and mulberry) against weeds has been previously studied; however, their combined effects at different rates are yet to be explored. In this study, mixtures of allelopathic water extracts of sorghum + sunflower and sorghum + sunflower + mulberry were sprayed each at 12, 15, 18 and 21 L ha-1 at 40 and 55 days after sowing in wheat to control wild oats (Avena fatua), little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor), lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album) and swine cress (Coronopus didymus). A synthetic herbicide Affinity 50 WP (Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.75% + Isoproturon 50% applied at 1000 g a.i., ha-1) and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment. The increasing order of water extract dose 12-21 L ha-1 showed substantial reduction in total weed density and their dry biomass production of both narrow and broad-leaved weeds in all the treatment combinations. Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1 applied at 40+55 DAS resulted in an 87.14% decrease in total weed dry matter with a 19.5% increase in grain yield of wheat and higher net benefits of Rs. 100525 with 777.5% marginal rate of return. Nonetheless, application of sorghum + sunflower water extracts each at 12 L ha-1 at 40+55 DAS was more economical than the other treatments in terms of higher marginal rate of return of 799.82%. Based on this study, it can be suggested that the use of allelopathic plant water extracts in a mixture may act as a potential weed control strategy in wheat.

The best outcome for coronary intervention in coronary artery bypass graft patients requires knowledge of prior coronary anatomy. This information is not always available as many cases present acutely, especially in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We present three cases in which bypass grafts were documented as occluded but follow-up angiograms for other reasons revealed that the grafts were still patent. This presents the potential for inappropriate revascularizations. Resumo: O melhor resultado da intervenção coronária nos doentes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio requer conhecimento da anatomia coronária anterior. Tal informação nem sempre está disponível, uma vez que muitos casos apresentam-se agudos, em particular nos enfartes do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST. Apresentamos três casos em que foram referidos enxertos ocluídos, mas os angiogramas de seguimento, por outros motivos, revelaram que os enxertos ainda estavam patentes. Tal comprova o potencial de revascularizações inapropriadas. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Missed grafts, Coronary artery bypass graft, Palavras-chave: Enfarte do miocárdio, Falta de enxertos, Cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio