Search

O artigo discute a inserção do idoso na perspectiva do envelhecimento ativo e saudável nos espaços públicos da cidade contemporânea. Apresenta a avaliação do uso dos espaços públicos por pessoas com 60 anos ou mais em duas áreas públicas que foram objeto de intervenção urbanística recente na cidade de São Paulo: Praça Victor Civita, região oeste, com predominância de população de média e alta rendas; e Parque Linear Cantinho do Céu, região sul, com predominância de população de renda baixa. A metodologia de avaliação envolve a aplicação de um questionário fechado para o universo de 35 pessoas acima de 60 anos, em cada área, que aborda os seguintes aspectos: (1) Acessibilidade Física; (2) Estrutura para Permanência; (3) Atividades; (4) Interação Social; (5) Espaço e Bem-estar. Os resultados apontam que os espaços públicos analisados produzem uma percepção pessoal positiva perante o envelhecimento dentre os entrevistados, com ênfase nos aspectos de: saúde, independência e autonomia. Contudo, alguns aspectos negativos, como poucas atividades planejadas para pessoas com 60 anos ou mais e baixa manutenção destas localidades, indicam a necessidade de maior atenção de políticas públicas voltadas para o envelhecimento da população.

Objective: To assess prevalence and correlates of family caregiver burdens associated with mental and physical conditions worldwide. Methods: Cross-sectional community surveys asked 43,732 adults residing in 19 countries of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys about chronic physical and mental health conditions of first-degree relatives and associated objective (time, financial) and subjective (distress, embarrassment) burdens. Magnitudes and associations of burden are examined by kinship status and family health problem; population-level estimates are provided. Results: Among the 18.9-40.3% of respondents in high, upper-middle, and low/lower-middle income countries with first-degree relatives having serious health problems, 39.0-39.6% reported burden. Among those, 22.9-31.1% devoted time, 10.6-18.8% had financial burden, 23.3-27.1% reported psychological distress, and 6.0-17.2% embarrassment. Mean caregiving hours/week was 12.9-16.5 (83.7-147.9 hours/week/100 people aged 18+). Mean financial burden was 15.1% of median family income in high, 32.2% in upper-middle, and 44.1% in low/lower-middle income countries. A higher burden was reported by women than men, and for care of parents, spouses, and children than siblings. Conclusions: The uncompensated labor of family caregivers is associated with substantial objective and subjective burden worldwide. Given the growing public health importance of the family caregiving system, it is vital to develop effective interventions that support family caregivers.

Abstract Submicronic powder of silicon carbide was synthesized in a pilot novel radiofrequency plasma torch reactor. The precursors were pyrolysis char and silica powders both with micrometric size. The mass rate of the precursor powder varied in the range 600-2500 g/h. The maximum test time was approximately 3 h. With the goal to increase the process yield, several technical measures were implemented. Silicon carbide yield was above 70 wt% when the plasma flame was confined by a tube that prolonged the residence time of the reactants at the useful temperature for the advancement of reaction. The silicon carbide was characterized by XRD, SEM, and DLS. Both α and β-crystalline phases were detected.