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Resumo Justificativa e Objetivo o bloqueio central proporcionado pela raquianestesia possibilita a realização de muitos procedimentos cirúrgicos, enquanto as alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias influenciam a oferta de oxigênio sistêmico, levando ao desenvolvimento em potencial de uma série de problemas, como isquemia cerebral, infarto do miocárdio e insuficiência renal aguda. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar potenciais efeitos adversos das alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias sobre a oferta de oxigênio sistêmico, usando métodos oximétricos cerebrais em pacientes submetidos à raquianestesia. Métodos vinte e cinco pacientes, 65‐80 anos de idade, estado físico ASA I‐II, programados para correção de hérnia inguinal unilateral sob raquianestesia foram incluídos no estudo. De acordo com o monitoramento padrão, os níveis de oxigênio cerebral foram medidos no início do estudo usando métodos oximétricos cerebrais. O Mini Teste Padronizado do Estado Mental (Standardized Mini Mental Test – SMMT) foi aplicado antes e depois da operação para determinar o nível de funcionamento cognitivo dos casos. Usando uma técnica padrão e quantidades iguais de um fármaco anestésico local (15 mg de bupivacaína a 5%), o bloqueio intratecal foi realizado. Pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca máxima (FCM), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO 2 ) e níveis cerebrais de oxigênio (rSO 2 ) foram monitorados no pré‐operatório por 60 min. Os níveis pré‐ e pós‐operatórios de hemoglobina foram medidos. As variações nos dados obtidos e suas correlações com os níveis cerebrais de oxigênio foram investigadas. Resultados não observamos alterações significativas nas mensurações de hemoglobina, escores do SMMT e níveis de SpO 2 nos períodos pré‐ e pós‐operatório. No entanto, variações significativas foram observadas nos níveis de PAM, FCM e rSO 2 no período intraoperatório. Além disso, a correlação entre as variações de rSO 2 , PAM e FCM foi determinada. Conclusão a avaliação dos dados obtidos no estudo demonstrou que a queda da pressão arterial pós‐raquianestesia e também da frequência cardíaca diminui a oferta de oxigênio sistêmico e afeta negativamente os níveis cerebrais de oxigênio. Contudo, essa alteração não resultou em deterioração da função cognitiva. Objective Central blockage provided by spinal anaesthesia enables realization of many surgical procedures, whereas hemodynamic and respiratory changes influence systemic oxygen delivery leading to the potential development of series of problems such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction and acute renal failure. This study was intended to detect potentially adverse effects of hemodynamic and respiratory changes on systemic oxygen delivery using cerebral oxymetric methods in patients who underwent spinal anaesthesia. Methods Twenty‐five ASA I–II Group patients aged 65–80 years scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia were included in the study. Following standard monitorization baseline cerebral oxygen levels were measured using cerebral oximetric methods. Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) was applied before and after the operation so as to determine the level of cognitive functioning of the cases. Using a standard technique and equal amounts of a local anaesthetic drug (15 mg bupivacaine 5%) intratechal blockade was performed. Mean blood pressure (MBP), maximum heart rate (MHR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and cerebral oxygen levels (rSO2) were preoperatively monitored for 60 min. Pre‐ and postoperative haemoglobin levels were measured. The variations in data obtained and their correlations with the cerebral oxygen levels were investigated. Results Significant changes in pre‐ and postoperative measurements of haemoglobin levels and SMMT scores and intraoperative SpO 2 levels were not observed. However, significant variations were observed in intraoperative MBP, MHR and rSO2 levels. Besides, a correlation between variations in rSO2, MBP and MHR was determined. Conclusion Evaluation of the data obtained in the study demonstrated that post‐spinal decline in blood pressure and also heart rate decreases systemic oxygen delivery and adversely effects cerebral oxygen levels. However, this downward change did not result in deterioration of cognitive functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Patients with prediabetes have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; therefore, early detection is important., Objective: The present study aimed to reveal the usability of serum endocan levels as a biomarker in the diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with prediabetes, based on CIMT measurements., Methods: Participants were classified according to the presence (n=42) or absence (n=42) of prediabetes. Serum endocan, fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values of patients were examined, and CIMT was measured. The level of significance for statistical analysis was 0.05., Results: While serum endocan levels were found to be lower in patients with prediabetes, when compared to the control group (p=0.042), CIMT values were found to be higher (p=0.046). When evaluated by multivariate regression analysis, the serum endocan level was found to be associated with CIMT, regardless of other parameters (p=0.007). A negative correlation was found between plasma fasting insulin and endocan levels (r=-0.320, p=0.001)., Conclusions: Carotid intima media thickness was found to be high and the serum endocan level was low in patients with prediabetes. Decreased serum endocan levels in patients with prediabetes may be a contributing factor to atherosclerosis formation mechanisms.