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Objective: To analyze the diabetes mellitus (DM) temporal trend and hospitalization costs in Brazil, by region, Federative Units (FUs) and population characteristics, from 2011 to 2019., Methods: This was an ecological study with data from the Hospital Information System, analyzing the annual trend in hospitalization rates for DM according to sex, age, race/skin color and region/FU by Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression., Results: A total of 1,239,574 DM hospitalizations were recorded in the country and the hospitalization rates was 6.77/10,000 inhabitants in the period. The DM hospitalization rates trend was falling for both sexes and in most regions, while it was rising in the younger population and for length of stay (average 6.17 days). Total expenditure was US$ 420,692.23 and it showed a rising trend., Conclusion: The temporal trend of hospitalization rates due to DM was falling, with differences according to region/FU and age group. Average length of stay and expenditure showed a rising trend., Main Results: From 2011 to 2019, the diabetes mellitus hospitalization rate was 6.77 per 10,000 inhabitants, with a falling trend. Total expenditure was US$420,692.23 and it showed a rising trend., Implications for Services: The study warns of the increase in child and adolescent hospitalizations, which indicates the need to invest in preventive actions and early diagnosis., Perspectives: The increase in length of hospital stay and related costs indicates a worrying scenario for the Brazilian National Health System and emphasizes the need to improve access to and quality of care, with a focus on diabetes education, so as to avoid complications and hospitalizations.

Objective: To analyze association of visual, hearing, mental/intellectual, physical and multiple impairments with health conditions and health risk behaviors in Brazil., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey; associations between impairments and presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), high cholesterol, alcohol abuse and smoking were estimated using logistic regression, thus obtaining the odds ratios (OR)., Results: Impairment was reported by 7.6% of the 90,846 participants. Having a impairment was associated with greater odds of reporting chronic conditions, especially CVD (OR = 2.11; 95%CI 1.76;2.54) and DM (OR = 1.78; 95%CI 1.56;2.02 ); visual impairment was associated with greater odds of smoking (OR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.28;1.81); mental/intellectual impairment was inversely related to smoking (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.30;0.67) and alcohol abuse (OR = 0.13; 95%CI 0.06;0.26)., Conclusion: Having any of the impairments studied may be associated with greater odds of having chronic health conditions., Main Results: Positive association was identified between having one or more impairments, and health conditions and health risk behaviors. The higher the prevalence of mental/intellectual, physical and multiple impairments, the lower alcohol abuse and smoking., Implications for Services: As this population is vulnerable to chronic health conditions, health services need strategies to reduce barriers to access, as well as health promotion actions, such as health education, adapted for people with impairments., Perspectives: Topics for future studies, examining the inverse relationship between impairments and alcohol abuse and smoking, in addition to acting on the causal chain, so as to prevent health conditions and health risk behaviors.

Objective: To analyze the trends of hospital admissions and deaths from diabetes mellitus in the 18 host municipalities of the 19 regional health coordination offices and in Rio Grande do Sul, 2000-2020., Method: Ecological study with secondary data collected in the Hospital Information System, the Mortality Information System, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, from 2000-2020. Coefficients were standardized using the direct method and Prais-Winsten regression analysis., Results: A downward trend wasfound in the coefficients of hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus in most cities and states. In 2020, for both areas, hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus were below the average of the period. The mortality trend remained stationary in almost all municipalities and in the state., Conclusion: There was evidence of a decrease in hospitalizations and stationary mortality by DM in most municipalities analyzed, possibly due to the policies and actions implemented in the period, despite the aging of the population.

Objective: To estimate the proportions of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Brazilian adult population., Method: This is a cross-sectional study, with data from a representative sample of the Brazilian population, taken from the National Health Survey(PNS 2014/2015). Outcomes were defined based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements, self-reported DM diagnosis, and use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin. The proportion of DM awareness, treatment, and control was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and access to health services, and their respective 95% confidence intervals., Results: DM prevalence in the Brazilian population was of 8.6% (95%CI: 7.8-9.3): 68.2% (95%CI: 63.9-72.3) were aware of their diagnosis, 92.2% (95%CI: 88.6-94.7) of those who were aware were undergoing drug treatments, and, of these, 35.8% (95%CI: 30.5-41.6) had controlled HbA1c levels. The proportions of DM awareness, control, and treatment were lower in men aged 18 to 39 years, individuals with low education, without health insurance, and beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família program., Conclusion: Approximately one in ten Brazilians has DM. A little more than half of this population is aware of their diagnosis, a condition measured by HbA1c dosage and clinical diagnosis. Among those who know, the vast majority are undergoing drug treatments. However, less than half of these have their HbA1c levels controlled. Worse scenarios were found in subgroups with high social vulnerability.

Inadequate management of diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to complications that affect quality of life. The prevalence of DM and its complications is increasing, presenting an uneven distribution in the population. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of complications due to DM and to assess inequalities in the Brazilian population. It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from the 2019 National Health Survey (NHS). The complications evaluated were: diabetic coma, heart attack/cerebrovascular accident/stroke; kidney problem; vision problem and foot ulcer or amputation. The related factors were schooling and income. The prevalence of complications was calculated separately, combination in pairs, presence of any complications and number of complications. Inequality was estimated through adjusted analysis and the slope index (SII) and concentration index (CIX) indices. The sample consisted of 6,317 people with DM. More than a third (37.8%) reported having some complication. Vision problems (30.6%) and kidney problems (9.7%) were the most prevalent. The prevalence of having "one" and "two or more" complications were 25.4% and 12.4%, respectively. Inequalities were found with a higher prevalence of complications among the least educated and the poorest.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people from three Brazilian regions., Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional, and comparative study conducted with elderly people aged 80 years or older., Results: Higher prevalence of arterial hypertension were observed among those who use polypharmacy (75.7%), among elderly people aged between 80 and 84 years (33.9%), as well as in elderly people who are overweight (78.2%). The prevalence of diabetes was 24% (RP: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.98) lower among women compared to men and 2.15 times higher among those who use five or more medications (RP: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.63-2.85)., Conclusions: In our sample, polypharmacy, body weight, and gender determine the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in long-lived elderly people.

Introduction: The hospital setting faces a rate of bed occupation by patients whose discharge is limited by other factors apart from clinical needs. This urges the need for an early identification of the patients at risk of delayed discharge due to social factors in order to reduce expenses and to add value that converts itself into the patient health. The aim of this study was to identify the demographic and clinical factors that may be associated with delayed discharge., Material and Methods: Demographic and clinical comorbidity data on 582 patients of an internal medicine ward from a tertiary hospital center during the years 2018 and 2019 was analyzed. A binomial logistic regression model was used, adjusted for sex, age, and length of clinical stay, in order to identify potential risk factors associated with delayed discharge., Results: A total of 473 patients admitted in the internal medicine ward throughout the two years of study were included. Ninety-four (19%) of these patients had their discharge delayed beyond their clinical needs; sixty-four (68%) of these were females. The most representative age was between 75 - 89 years old (45.7%). The characteristics that significantly differed between both non-delayed and delayed discharge were female sex (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.65 - 4.90, p-value < 0.05), prolonged clinical stay (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.60 - 4.937, p-value < 0.05) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.08 - 3.23, p-value < 0.05). Besides these, the presence of heart failure (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27 - 0.99, p-value < 0.05) and chronic kidney disease (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 - 0.86, p-value < 0.05) were associated with a lower risk of delayed discharge., Conclusion: Female sex, a prolonged clinical stay and diabetes mellitus were associated with a higher risk of delayed discharge, while heart failure and chronic kidney disease were associated with a reduced risk. These findings create a basis for a possible future multicentre study aimed at creating a clinical prediction rule to stratify the risk of delayed hospital discharge in the Portuguese population.

Objectives: to analyze the association between recurrence of emergency service visits due to lack of blood pressure and/or glycemic control with sociodemographic variables and disease registration in Primary Care., Methods: quantitative study, which consulted medical records of people who attended these services two or more times for 26 months. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were used in analysis., Results: most people did not have hypertension and/or diabetes record in their Primary Care records. The absence of this record was more frequent in males, aged between 18 and 59 years, with low education and lack of blood pressure. There was association between greater number of people seeking these services in the same year and not monitoring the chronic condition in specialized care., Conclusions: people who do not follow up hypertension and/or diabetes in Primary Care are more likely to need assistance due to blood pressure and/or glycemic management.

Objective: To analyze the resilience of people with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic., Method: Cross-sectional study carried out with 235 people with diabetes using a form shared on social media with sociodemographic and clinical data and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale validated for the Brazilian context. Scale scores were compared with sociodemographic and clinical data using Student's t-test, analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney., Results: The mean score on the resilience scale was 63.58+14.5. The highest resilience scores were evidenced in men, people with higher income, higher education, users of oral antidiabetics, who had healthy diet and who performed physical activity and follow-up with the health team., Conclusion: Mean resilience was lower than the score shown in the literature and groups with higher scores had better health behaviors.

The effects of organizational justice on workers' health have been investigated in several areas of work. However, the systematization of available information on the effects related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes is scarce. This article aims to systematically review the association between organizational justice and CVD and metabolic disease in adult workers. The search strategy included the terms organizational justice, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and CVD. This study investigated the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS. The quality of the studies was assessed using the instrument developed by the National Institute of Health. Results: This study identified 1,959 titles. After evaluation, eight studies were selected. Individuals with a high perception of organizational justice showed a lower risk of CVD and metabolic disease, whereas low organizational justice presented repercussions for the cardiovascular and metabolic health of workers. The development of strategies to promote organizational justice must be prioritized and thus mitigate its impacts on workers and institutions.

This article aims to present a proposal for making the instruments used in the three cycles of the PMAQ-AB compatible and to analyze the information on access, coverage, structure, organization and provision of services in PHC related to care for DM in Brazil, according to regions, from the perspective of family health professionals and users. We performed an analysis of the degree of compatibility of the PMAQ-AB questions (2012, 2014 and 2017). To analyze the temporal evolution of the components, we performed a proportion difference test. We calculated the percentage difference between the perspective of professionals and users, per year analyzed, for Brazil. In general, there was an improvement in the quality of care and examinations, except for the diabetic foot. Worse results were found for the North region in relation to the other regions. Despite the structural improvement and the quality of care reported by professionals, there are significant gaps in the quality of care for patients with DM in the SUS. In the scenario of scarce investment added to the growing prevalence of DM, obstacles become progressively more challenging. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the quality of services provided are essential tasks of the Brazilian Health System.

Objective: To compare health care indicators for adults with medical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil, in 2013 and 2019, and analyze the indicators for 2019 according to sociodemographic characteristics., Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. Care indicators were evaluated in people with medical diagnosis of DM., Results: DM prevalence increased from 6.2% (2013) to 7.7% (2019). Between 2013 and 2019, there was an increase in the use of medications (from 80.2% to 88.8%) and of medical care (from 73.2% to 79.1%), a reduction in the use of Popular Pharmacy Program medications (from 57.4% to 51.5%) and in follow-up with the same physician (from 65.2% to 59.4%). In 2019, poorer indicators were observed for individuals who were male, younger, Black and Brown, and with lower education and income., Conclusion: Most indicators remained similar in the last five years, with differences according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019.

The objective is to evaluate the influence of sleep and chrononutrition on hypertension and diabetes in the adult population (18 years or older) in a municipality in Southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study, developed in Criciúma, State of Santa Catarina, in 2019. The exposure variables were sleep duration and quality, and two of the main aspects of chrononutrition, the number of daily meals and the presence of breakfast. The outcomes studied were diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance was used to evaluate the associations between exposures and outcomes. For all analyses, the effect of the sample design was considered, and the significance level adopted was 5%. In total, 820 patients were evaluated. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was of 19.9% and 44.1%, respectively. Individuals with worse sleep quality had a higher prevalence of 33% for diabetes and 17% for hypertension, compared to those with good quality of sleep. Those who had four or more meals per day had a 16% lower prevalence of hypertension, when compared to those who had less than four meals. We concluded that the quality of sleep and the number of daily meals, a feeding behavior related to chrononutrition, were related to hypertension and diabetes. These results highlight the importance of public health actions that address new strategies for coping with these diseases focused on sleep quality and chrononutrition.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with non-communicable chronic diseases in deaf people., Methods: Cross-sectional study with 110 deaf people in Maringá-Paraná, selected using the snowball sampling technique. Data were collected from February to August 2019, using a structured instrument; and, in the analysis, multiple logistic regression was used., Results: The self-reported prevalence of chronic diseases was 43.6%, the most frequent being: arterial hypertension (12.7%), depression (6.4%), diabetes mellitus (5.4%), respiratory disease (5.4%) and hypothyroidism (4.5%). Using health services for routine consultations was significantly associated with being bimodal bilingual. The only risk behavior significantly associated with chronic disease was excessive consumption of sweet foods., Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic diseases in this population may be higher than that found, as there is a possibility of underdiagnosis due to the low demand for routine consultations and the difficulty of communication with health professionals.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with diabetes mellitus in rural traditional communities., Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in 115 rural communities distributed in 45 municipalities in the state of Goiás, including: 13 river communities, 51 quilombolas and 63 agrarian reform settlements. Probabilistic sampling was performed, and participants were selected at random. The outcome variable was self-reported diabetes mellitus, while exposure variables were sociodemographic, lifestyle, health conditions and access to health services. Multiple regression was used to determine the association between study variables., Results: Among the 2,537 participants, the overall prevalence of diabetes was 9.8%, with 13.5% in river dwellers, 10.0% in quilombolas and 9.3% in settlers. Factors associated with diabetes were negative self-perception of health, being a former smoker, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and living in a river community., Conclusion: The results reinforce the need to strengthen strategies for the prevention and control of diabetes and its complications in rural populations, especially among river dwellers.

Objective: To monitor the achievement of the action plans for the prevention and control of Non-Communicable Diseases agreed-upon targets., Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. The following targets, up to 2025, were evaluated: physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, salt/sodium, tobacco use, high blood pressure, diabetes, overweight, obesity, cervical cytology testing, and drug therapy and counseling. To check whether the targets were achieved, the prevalence ratio was calculated (PR)., Results: 60,202 individuals were assessed in 2013, and 88,531 in 2019. The targets for physical inactivity (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.86;0.90) and cervical cytology coverage (79.4%; 95%CI 78.3;80.3) were achieved. Tobacco use was reduced, albeit below the target. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight, obesity and alcohol consumption increased, and the targets will not be attained., Conclusion: Two indicators reached the agreed targets, however it is necessary to advance in actions and policies to meet the others.

Objective: To describe the proportion of adults with hypertension and diabetes who obtained medication through the Brazilian Popular Pharmacy Program (Programa Farmácia Popular)., Method: Population-based descriptive study, using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The proportion of individuals who obtained at least one type of medication for hypertension and diabetes in the Program was analysed according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, by regions and federative units., Results: The proportion of individuals who obtained medication for hypertension was 45.1% (95%CI 43.7;46.5), and, for diabetes, 51.5% (95%CI 49.5;53.6). Respectively for both conditions, medication obtainment was higher in the South region (54.3%; 95%CI 51.3;57.2 and 59.1%; 95%CI 54.6;63.7) and lower in the higher strata level of education (30.9%; 95%CI 27.7;34.2 and 40.7%; 95%CI 35.1;46.3) and income (24.0%; 95%CI 19.7;28.2 and 28.9%; 95%CI 22.1;35.7)., Conclusion: Regional and socioeconomic inequalities were identified in obtaining medication for hypertension and diabetes through the Program.

This study aims to analyze the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and its associated factors in the Brazilian adult population. It is a cross-sectional study using the 2019 National Health Survey. Prevalence and crude prevalence ratios (PRc) and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa) of self-reported diabetes were estimated, with confidence intervals (95% CI), using Poisson regression. In the 82,349 adults, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 7.7%. Positively associated factors were: advanced age with greater association after 60 years (PRa 24.87; 95%CI 15.78-39.18); living in the Northeast (PRa 1.16; 95%CI 1.04-1.29), Southeast (PRa 1.27; 95% CI 1.14-1.43), South (PRa 1.18; 95%CI 1, 05-1.34), and Midwest (PRa 1.21; 95%CI 1.06-1.38); being a former smoker (PRa 1.17; 95%CI 1.09-1.27); self-assessment of regular health (PRa 2.41; 95%CI 2.21-2.64), bad/very bad (PRa 3.45; 95%CI 3.06-3.88); having heart disease (PRa 1.81; 95%CI 1.64-2.00), hypertension (PRa 2.84; 95%CI 2.60-3.69), high cholesterol (PRa 2.22; 95%CI 2.05-2.41), overweight (PRa 1.49; 95%CI 1.36-1.64), and obesity (PRa 2.25; 95%CI 2.05-2.47). It could be concluded that diabetes in Brazilian adults is associated with sociodemographic factors, aging, lifestyle, and morbidities. These results can guide public policies for the prevention and control of disease in Brazil.

Introduction: International evidence has unveiled the existence of social inequalities in the risk of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In Portugal, the impossibility to identify the socioeconomic condition of deceased people hinders this evaluation. This study analyzes the social inequalities in the risk factors of COVID-19 mortality in Portugal., Material and Methods: We used data from the sixth National Health Survey, carried out between September 2019 and December 2019, for the subgroup of people aged between 25 and 79 years old (n = 12 052). We considered the comorbidities with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality: asthma, chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal disease (CRD), and obesity. The inequality, stratified by sex, was measured in terms of education and income, using logistic regression (odds ratios and relative index of inequality)., Results: Compared to men with the lowest level of formal education, we measured a risk reduction, among men with tertiary education, of CVD (-90%), chronic bronchitis (-75%), stroke (-70%), diabetes (-62%), hypertension (-41%), and obesity (-43%). Among tertiaryeducated women, we observed a reduced risk of CRD (-77%), hypertension, diabetes, stroke (-70%), obesity (-64%), and CVD (-55%). Except for obesity among men, the risk of disease was always significantly lower in the highest income quintile, compared with the lowest., Conclusion: In 2019, we observed socioeconomic inequalities of high magnitude for the eight diseases with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality.

Objective: To analyze the association between diabetes mellitus and hospital deaths due to Covid-19 in Brazil, from February to August 2020., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on hospitalized flu-like syndrome cases, with a positive test result for COVID-19, reported on the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the magnitude of the association between diabetes and deaths., Results: Data from 397,600 hospitalized cases were analyzed, of which 32.0% (n = 127,231) died. The prevalence of death among people with diabetes was 40.8% (PR = 1.41; 95%CI 1.39;1.42). After adjustments for the variables sociodemographic and comorbidities, it could be seen that those with diabetes (95%CI 1.14;1.16) were 1.15 time more likely to die., Conclusion: 3 out of every 20 deaths due to COVID-19 occurred among individuals with diabetes mellitus, highlighting this population susceptibility and the need to control this chronic disease.

This article aims to present a methodology for monitoring the procedures recommended in the care protocol for diabetic patients, based on the indicator of the ratio between supply and demand for exams, according to Brazil, macro-regions, federative units (FUs), and municipalities. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications were estimated using a multinomial model. The offer of DM procedures was obtained from the Ambulatory Information System (SIA/SUS) and the demand from the number of tests defined in the protocol as necessary per year, according to disease risk categories. Based on this, the supply-demand ratio indicator was created. The innovation here consists of analyzing the demand for diabetic care according to established parameters and the supply of health services together. The connection between the recommended treatment protocol and the existence of the service offered concerning the demand for care based on the prevalence of the disease provides a key monitoring tool. And, when analyzed together with the indicator of the ratio between supply and demand for procedures, these measures become a proxy for the quality of prevention and care for patients with the disease.

Objective: To analyze the validity, reliability and interpretability of a short form instrument for assessing health-related quality of life among people with diabetes mellitus., Methods: This was a validation study, comprised of the adaptation phases of the Diabetes-39 instrument (consisting of 5 domains and 39 items), pre-test, structural validity analyses (exploratory and confirmatory), reliability, concurrent validity and interpretability., Results: The factorial structure of the short final version differed from the original instrument. The items were reduced from 39 to 21 and domains from 5 to 4. The factor loading, in exploratory and confirmatory analyses, ranged between 0.41 and 0.90 and between 0.51 and 0.89, respectively. Reliability was adequate (Cronbach's alpha=0.91; Kappa≥0.60 in all items; intraclass correlation coefficient =0.91)., Conclusion: Diabetes-21, a short form instrument, was considered valid, reliable and interpretable for assessing health-related quality of life among people with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of healthy behaviors among individuals aged 30 years or more, diagnosed with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, using information from the National Health Survey, 2019., Methods: Cross-sectional study with cluster sampling and simple random sampling in three stages. Individuals were aggregated according the following conditions: having arterial hypertension; arterial hypertension only; diabetes mellitus; diabetes mellitus only; arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus only; without chronic non-communicable diseases. Poisson regression models and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios for sex, age group, and schooling were used. The proportion of recommendations received by patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus was estimated by type of care (public/private)., Results: A total of 69,285 individuals aged 30 years or more was analyzed. Compared to individuals without non-communicable diseases, prevalence of consumption of fruits and vegetables ≥5 days a week was significantly higher among individuals with arterial hypertension (39.9% - 95%CI 38.8-41.0) and those with diabetes mellitus (42.8% - 95%CI 40.7-44.9). However, estimates of not having consumed ultra-processed food were low, 19.7% (95%CI 18.9-20.6) and 21.9% (95%CI 20,3-23.5), respectively. Prevalence of not smoking reached values close to 90% and significant prevalence ratios, whereas the practice of physical activity had levels below 30% and non-significant prevalence ratios. The proportion of healthy eating recommendations reached 90%, but it was close to 70% for not smoking., Conclusions: It is necessary to encourage the practice of healthy lifestyles and provide information about the benefits of physical activity and the harmful effects of unhealthy eating for well-being and aging with quality.

Objective: To map evidence on the use of digital technologies in the care of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic., Method: This is a scoping review, based on the JBI manual, which included scientific articles and gray literature from nine primary and seven secondary databases. Articles were independently assessed by two reviewers. Rayyan® was used to select the studies. The description of study characterization is presented in a table and tables, ending in a narrative synthesis., Results: A total of 1,964 studies were identified and, after selection, 23 publications remained for analysis. It turned out that telemedicine was used in all studies and remote consultation support technologies included continuous glucose monitoring devices, glucose data analysis software, insulin delivery systems, applications, audio and/or voice communication devices, which facilitated remote diabetes mellitus monitoring and management., Conclusion: Telehealth, monitoring technologies, insulin delivery systems and communication devices were tools used to monitor patients with diabetes during the pandemic.

Health literacy (HL) assumes individuals' knowledge, motivation, and competencies to access, understand, evaluate, and apply health information to make judgments and decisions in daily life, related to healthcare, prevention of diseases, and health promotion to maintain or improve quality of life. The study aimed to measure the level of HL and associated factors: sex, age, schooling, income, skin color, self-rated health status, type of diabetes, and presence of comorbidities. The authors assessed 107 adults with diabetes followed at a public outpatient clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample did not include first-time patients, patients without a diagnosis of diabetes, or with visual or hearing impairment. HL was assessed with the Brazilian version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Simple and multiple ordinal logistic regression models were constructed, considering four levels of HL as the dependent variables. The associations were expressed as odds ratios (OR). Approximately 95% of the sample showed poor or limited HL (94.8%; 95%CI: 90.3-99.3). Female gender, older age, and lower schooling were associated with lower odds of excellent HL. In the adjusted model, only schooling remained statistically significant in its effect on HL (adjusted OR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.17-0.98; p < 0.05). Schooling was the characteristic most strongly related to level of HL.

Objective: To analyze risk factors for death in individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19., Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, comprised of adult individuals with COVID-19, from March to September 2020, notified by the Epidemiological Surveillance System in the state of Acre, Brazil. Cox regression was used., Results: Among 57,700 individuals analyzed, the incidence was 2,765.4/100,000 inhabitants, and mortality was, 61.8/100,000 inhabitants. The risk factors for death were: being male (HR=1.48 -95% CI 1.25;1.76), age ≥60 years (HR=10.64 -95% CI 8.84;12.81), symptom of dyspnea (HR=4.20 -95% CI 3.44;5.12) and multimorbidity (HR=2.23 -95% CI 1.77;2.81), with emphasis on heart disease and diabetes mellitus. 'Sore throat' and 'headache' were symptoms present in mild cases of COVID-19., Conclusion: Being male, elderly, having heart disease, diabetes mellitus and dyspnea were characteristics associated with death due to COVID-19.

Objective: To assess health care for people with diabetes and hypertension, comparing the teams according to their participation in both cycles I and II of the Program for Improving Primary Health Care Access and Quality (PMAQ), and to verify its association with the characteristics of service users and municipalities., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using PMAQ data from 2014. The following variables were used: team organization, request for tests and health care reported by service users., Results: Thirty-five percent of the teams presented adequate organization and 88% requested all tests. Among the users, 31% had their feet examined and 18% received adequate health care. Municipalities in the Southeast region, with more than 300,000 inhabitants and the highest human development index, presented the best indicators. The teams that took part in both cycles I and II showed greater prevalence of organization and request for tests., Conclusion: Health care for people with diabetes and hypertension in primary health care in Brazil needs improvement.

Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of tuberculosis cases with Diabetes Mellitus in Brazilian municipalities in the states of São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Norte., Method: This is a cross-sectional study, whose population consisted of tuberculosis cases notified between 2010 and 2014. Data were collected from secondary sources. In the data analysis, descriptive analysis and multiple correspondence analysis techniques were used., Results: The prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis cases ranged from 4.5% to 13.4% in the municipalities. Evidence of an association was observed between tuberculosis/diabetes comorbidity and female population, age of 61 years or more, low schooling, negative HIV/AIDS, longer treatment time, self-administered treatment and cure., Conclusion: The study showed a greater cure outcome in the profile of people with tuberculosis/diabetes comorbidity, even among those on a self-administered regime, which could favor the development of specific guidelines for the management of tuberculosis in these people.

Objectives: to identify the trend and factors associated with Tuberculosis-Diabetes Mellitus comorbidity in Imperatriz, Maranhão., Methods: epidemiological temporal-series study, conducted in a Northeastern Brazilian municipality. The population consisted of Tuberculosis cases with Diabetes Mellitus-associated aggravation notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2009 and 2018. We determined the prevalence and trend of comorbidity using Prais-Winsten regressions and to identify associated factors employed Poisson regression., Results: prevalence ranged from 3.23% in 2014 to 19.51% in 2018, with a mean of 11.5% for the period, showing an increasing trend. Age groups 30 to 59 years and ≥ 60 years, education < 8 years, and clinical form of pulmonary Tuberculosis were risk factors for comorbidity., Conclusions: The increasing trend of comorbidity and its associated factors alert us to the need to improve customer service at all levels of health care.

Objective: To analyze polypharmacy prevalence and associated factors in older adults living in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, in 2014., Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study using complex sampling with older adults. Polypharmacy was defined as concomitant use of five or more medications., Results: Polypharmacy prevalence was 14.9% (95%CI 11.8;18.6), positively associated with females (OR=2.29 - 95%CI 1.41;3.74), white race/skin color (OR=1.61 - 95%CI 1.10;2.38), dependence (OR=1.65 - 95%CI 1.05;2.60), change in eating habits/dieting (OR=1.66 - 95%CI 1.16;2.36), hospitalization in the last 12 months (OR=1.61 - 95%CI 1.02;2.53) and presence of the following self-reported morbidities: systemic arterial hypertension (OR=2.40 - 95%CI 1.33;4.34), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.17 - 95%CI 1.23;3.84), osteoporosis (OR=2.92 - 95%CI 1.84;4.64) and heart problems (OR=2.94 - 95%CI 1.90;4.56)., Conclusion: This study found that polypharmacy in the older adults was associated with demographic and health conditions.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide and is among the leading causes of loss of healthy years of life, which is aggravated in Brazil by accelerated population aging. This study aims to measure the problem of diabetes mellitus and its complications and characterize healthcare for diabetics in Brazil, according to regions. Prevalence rates were estimated using a multinomial regression model, and characterization of healthcare was based on triangulation between the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), and data from the Popular Pharmacy program. Diabetes prevalence in Brazil was 9.2%, according to the multinomial model, and prevalence in the corrected PNS (self-report + altered glycated hemoglobin - HbA1c ≥ 6.5) was 9.4%. The proportion of diabetes mellitus underreporting in the country was 42.5%, reaching 72.8% in the North. Among individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, half presented HbA1c ≥ 6.5. Insufficient fundus eye examination (only 40% on average), with major regional variation (North 25% - Southeast 52%), is reflected in the high prevalence of retinopathy. Insufficient examination of feet (only 30%), can lead to more amputations. About 80% of diabetics used medications, indicating a persistently high proportion still without treatment. Healthcare deficiencies for diabetics lead to greater morbidity, hospitalizations (15%), and visits to emergency departments (27%, PMAQ). The scenario in 2012, although not ideal, occurred in a context of strengthening of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and cutbacks in public health budgeting call for serious reflection on control of the disease in the coming years.

Objective: To estimate the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes for small areas in Belo Horizonte, according to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI)., Methods: Ecological study with data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) conducted in Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2013. The self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. The estimates of prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using the direct and indirect method by HVI grouped into four categories: low, medium, high and very high health risk., Results: During the period evaluated, 26% (95%CI 25.2 - 26.8) and 6.1% (95%CI 6.7 - 6.5) of the adult population from Belo Horizonte reported being hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. According to the indirect method to obtain estimates of hypertension and diabetes prevalences per HVI, it was found that areas of very high risk had a higher prevalence of adults with hypertension (38.6%; 95%CI 34.8 - 42.4) and diabetes (16.2%; 95%CI 13.1 - 19.3) when compared to the low risk (28.2%; 95%CI 27.0 - 29.4 and 6%; 95%CI 5.4 - 6.7, respectively)., Conclusion: The adult population living in areas at high risk for health had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with a lower risk.

This paper aims to compare the self-reported prevalence measured by laboratory tests and the false positive and negative values for diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hypercholesterolemia. We used information from the interview and laboratory tests of the National Health Survey (2013, 2014-2015). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by gender, age, schooling, having health insurance, and time since the last medical visit. We used logistic regression to analyze associated factors with false positives and negatives. Sensitivity was higher for diabetes and among older adults and those who had a medical visit more recently. Specificity was high for all diseases, with better performance among younger people, those with high schooling, and a visit more than one year ago. The likelihood of false positives and negatives decreased with schooling and increased with age. Low sensitivity suggests that prevalence might be higher than indicated by self-reported measures.

The scope of this study was to establish the prevalence of CKD and associated factors among young adults (18-59 years of age) from Rio Branco in the State of Acre. It involved a population-based survey conducted in 2014, in the urban and rural areas of the municipality and CKD was defined as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60ml/min/1.73m², estimated by the CKD-EPI, and the presence of albuminuria > 29 mg/g. Association measures were estimated by logistic regression, with a confidence level of 95%. The overall prevalence of CKD was 6.2%. The presence of CKD was higher among women, aged 40 to 59 years, with non-white skin color, with lower schooling, and of sedentary disposition. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution according to the presence of CKD in the hypertension, diabetes and hospitalization variables over the past 12 months. CKD among adults was associated with the female sex (OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.14-5.12), diabetes (OR: 4.67, 95%CI: 1.28-17.03) and arterial hypertension (OR: 1.98; 95%CI: 1.16-3.37). CKD reveals a high prevalence and is associated with chronic diseases, calling for the need for public health measures for early detection and prevention of its progression.

The scope of this paper was to verify the association between the practice of physical activity of different types and the use of insulin in adults and the elderly. This is a cross-sectional population-based study with data from the survey entitled Surveillance of risk factors and protection for chronic diseases by telephone (VIGITEL 2013). The sample consisted of individuals aged ≥18 years, living in the 27 Brazilian capitals and diagnosed with diabetes. The practice of physical activity in commuting, the home, leisure, work and the use of insulin were self-reported. Binary logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted analyses for sociodemographic factors. Of the 4,593 subjects with diabetes, insulin use was reported by 16.2% and 25.5% of adults and the elderly, respectively. The practice of physical activity in the home (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.40; 0.94) and at work (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.18; 0.78) were associated with the lowest use of insulin among the elderly. There was a tendency to reduce insulin use as the number of physically active domains increased among the elderly (p = 0.003). The conclusion drawn was that physical activity practiced alone or in a cumulative way in different domains was associated with lower insulin use among the elderly.

The scope of this research was to characterize and quantify the perforating waste produced domestically by people with diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as to analyze the discard and disposal practices for these materials. The data collection was performed through a questionnaire applied to primary care patients. The sample consisted of 149 people, the majority of whom were elderly and with a low level of schooling. Regarding the generation of waste, 88.64% of the deponents declared the use of one syringe per day, performing 1 to 4 applications. The reuse of the material was reported by 66.67% of the declarants. After being used, the waste was stored - with higher prevalence - in plastic bags (20.8%), plastic bottles, clothes softener and mayonnaise containers, etc. (46.98%). Ordinary household waste was the main disposal site for the perforating waste. Furthermore, it was revealed that those people who did not receive instructions regarding appropriate waste disposal discarded their waste incorrectly. Based on the results, the conclusion drawn is that the diabetics who participated in this study fail to discard and dispose of the perforating waste appropriately due to the lack of adequate guidelines and public programs.

Objective: to investigate factors associated with glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM)., Methods: this was a cross-sectional study, with participants in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health with self-reported DM; binomial logistic regression was used., Results: 1,242 individuals were included; 54.2% had glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%, showing inadequate glycemic control; factors associated with inadequate glycemic control were male sex (OR=1.39 - 95%CI 1.05;1.85), black skin color (OR=1.74 - 95%CI 1.22;2.48) or brown skin color (OR=1,57 - 95%CI 1.14;2.16), average occupation level (OR=1.63 - 95%CI 1.02;2.58), not having health insurance (OR=1.47 - 95%CI 1.09;1.96), use of insulin (OR=7.34 - 95%CI 3.56;15.15), increased waist-to-hip ratio (OR=1.87 - 95%CI 1.19;2.93), smoking (OR=1.73 - 95%CI 1.09;2.74), and poor or very poor self-rated health (OR=2.37 - 95%CI 1.17;4.83)., Conclusion: the results reinforce the multicausal context in glycemic control, which was associated with sociodemographic factors, lifestyles and health conditions.

Objective: To analyze the association between anthropometric variables and cardiovascular risk factors in adults and older adults of Rio Branco, Acre., Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study with 641 adults and 957 older adults was conducted. The statistical analyses consisted of the distribution of anthropometric variables according to the cardiovascular risk factors by frequency and dispersion measures. Pearson's correlation coefficient and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using the SPSS ® version 20.0., Results: Moderate correlations were obtained in adult men for waist-hip ratio and total cholesterol (r = 0.486; p < 0.001) and for waist-hip and triglyceride ratios (r = 0.484; p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in adults were observed in men; in the older adults, the prevalence of hypertension was above 65% in both sexes. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was above 78% in obese adults and older adults. When analyzing the associations, a higher strength of association was found between arterial hypertension and waist-to-stature ratio (PR = 13.42; 95%CI 12.58-14.31) and body mass index greater than 30 kg/m 2 (PR = 6.61; 95%CI 6.34-6.89) in adult men. In the analysis of diabetes, the waist-hip ratio presented greater robustness in the association for women (PR = 7.53; 95%CI 6.92-8.20) and men (PR = 9.79; 95%CI 9.14-10.49)., Conclusion: Anthropometric variables are important predictors of cardiovascular risk; however, their assessments should be performed independently, according to sex and age group.

Objectives: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014., Methods: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used., Results: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost., Conclusions: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

Primary health care electronic medical records were analyzedin Rio de Janeiro for two chronic diseases, namely, hypertension and diabetes, in a population-based study with a cross-sectional epidemiological design that considered the Rio de Janeiro population enrolled in Family Health Teams. Calculation of the prevalence rate was stratified by gender and age group, and the condition of the disease was measured by family doctors in their visits using the ICD-10.Except for the last two age groups (75-79 years and 80 years and over), with apparent under-registration of the diagnosed cases, a positive association was found between prevalence rates and age in both genders. The generation of objective and reliable statistical information is fundamental for local management, allowing the evaluation of demographic dynamics and the peculiarities of each territory, and assisting in the planning and monitoring of the quality of Rio de Janeiro people's records registered in each family health unit. Thus, the regular management of duplicate records in the registered user roster is essential to minimize the over-registration of clinical cases reported in the electronic medical records.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus from Primary Healthcare units., Methods: This is a retrospective study, with data collected from December 2014 of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes from 13 Primary Healthcare units located in the Southern region of Sao Paulo (SP, Brazil). Patients were compared by sex, diagnosis and cardiovascular risk using student t test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests., Results: We evaluated 28,496 patients aged 20 years to 79 years (mean of 57.8 years). Most of patients were women (63.2%) and aged 50 years old or older (74.2%). The participation in the Programa Remédio em Casa (Medicine at Home Program) was higher among women (12.7%), and the proportions of hypertension, diabetes and both diseases were 68.0%, 7.9% and 24.1%, respectively. Patients with hypertension and diabetes had higher participation in Medicine at Home Program (13.3%), and those with diabetes only had higher participation in Programa de Automonitoramento Glicêmico (Self-Monitoring Glucose Program) (20.0%). The proportions of low, moderate, and high cardiovascular risk were 33.0%, 15.5%, and 51.5%, respectively., Conclusion: The sample of this study consisted of patients who were mostly women, aged 50 years or older and diagnosed with hypertension. Almost a quarter of patients also had diabetes and approximately one third and half of them were classified as low and high cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: The changes that occurred in the health/disease process, especially in the field of nutrition, corroborate the replacement of nutritional deficiencies with the pandemic emergency of overweight (overweight/obesity)., Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adults living in a poor urban area in Recife, Northeast Brazil., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 644 adults aged 20-59 years. Possible associations of overweight with demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and morbidity factors were analyzed through Poisson Regression, considering as statistically significant those with p < 0.05., Results: The prevalence of overweight was 70.3%, being lower in the age range of 20-29 years, greater in the range of 30-39 years and stabilizing in the others. In the final multivariate model, it was observed that the age group, economic class, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure were directly associated with overweight, while bean consumption showed an inverse association. The high prevalence of overweight found indicates that poor communities are already included in the nutritional transition process that is in course in country., Conclusion: The significant result of overweight found at this poor urban area imposes the need to include this problem as a public health priority in these communities.

Objective to analyze the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and associated factors in women aged 20 to 69 years in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. Method this was a population-based cross-sectional study, the outcome of which was self-reported medical diagnosis of DM. Poisson regression was used. Results 1,128 women took part, 8.16% (95%CI2.56;13.74) reported DM diagnosis; in the adjusted analysis association was found between the outcome and the 50-59 years age group (PR=15.73 - 95%CI4.84;71.00) and the over 60s (PR=8.95 - 95%CI1.98;40.49), economic classes D/E (PR=2.37 - 95%CI1.17;4.83), obesity (PR=1.41 - 95%CI0.85;2.32), arterial hypertension (PR=2.78 - 95%CI1.73;4.46), common mental disorders (PR=1.47 - 95%CI1.04;2.05), dyslipidemia (PR=2.16 - 95%CI1.45;3.23), regular/poor self-perception of health (PR=2.80 - 95%CI1.20;6.56), and not working (PR=1.98 - 95%CI1.11;3.53). Conclusion DM was associated with situations of economic and social vulnerability, such as poverty and being outside the labor market, as well as with the presence of other diseases.

Introduction: Despite the low incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB) in the Federal District (FD), there are socioeconomic discrepancies allied to intense population growth in recent years, which demonstrates the need to study the trend of the disease in different regions of the FD., Objective: To describe the trend of morbidity and mortality due to TB in the FD from 2006 to 2015., Methods: Ecological study, with descriptive and analytical components, historical series type., Results: There was a decreasing trend in incidence rates (IR) (from 15.1 per 100,000 inhabitants to 11.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, r = -0.50) and in the cure rate (from 86.0% to 74.7, r = -0.91); people experiencing homelessness and incarceration have relative risks from 5 to 16 times higher than the general population; higher IR were found in Paranoá (27.5 per 100,000 inhabitants) and in Estrutural (17.3 per 100,000 inhabitants), areas with poor socioeconomic indicators and demografic explosion during the study period. A higher mean lethality rate was found in Águas Claras (8.5%) and in Lago Sul (7.0%), regions that have a high concentration of homeless and elderly people., Conclusion: TB persists as an important public health problem in the FD, especially in impoverished areas, with significant population growth or a high concentration of elderly or vulnerable populations.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of health services utilization for control of arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the city of São Paulo in 2003, 2008 and 2015 and to analyze associated factors to this utilization in 2015., Methods: Data regarding adults who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the city of Sao Paulo, ISA-Capital 2003, 2008 and 2015, were analyzed. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals for the three years were estimated to describe the prevalence of the use of services to control HA and DM. For the year of 2015, prevalences of the same variables were estimated according to sociodemographic, geographic and health characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate AH and DM analysis models., Results: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of people who reported routine health services utilization to control AH and DM in the period 2003-2015. For 2015, an increased routine health services utilization to control AH was observed among elderly and those who reported health insurance. For those who reported DM, an association between health services utilization and low schooling was found. Being elderly reduces the risk of not going to the health services to control AH, while being male and not having a health insurance increase this risk significantly., Conclusions: to identify how individuals with AH and DM use health services in way to control these diseases is very important to reduce access barriers and, yet, provide guidance in health policies to reduce disparities.