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Dermatopathies and otopathies are recurrent cases in veterinary clinic caused by different microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to analyze reports of cytological and parasitological skin and ear examinations performed at the Clinical Laboratory of the Veterinary Teaching Clinic of Federal University of Juiz de Fora in order to determine the prevalence of bacteria, fungi and mites in the collected samples. Reports of tests carried out from January 2018 to December 2019 were analyzed. Dog otopathies comprised 42 (50%) cases caused by Malassezia sp., 11 (13.1%) cases caused by bacteria and 29 (34.5%) cases caused by mixed infections; whereas cats otopathies encompassed 7 (28%) infections caused by Malassezia sp., 3 (12%) infections caused by bacteria, 6 (24%) mixed infections and 3 (12%) infections caused by mite species Otodectes cynotis. Dog dermatopathies comprised 1 (2.6%) case caused by Malassezia sp., 17 (43.6%) cases caused by bacteria, 7 (17.9%) mixed infections and 3 (7.7%) infections caused by mite species Demodex canis; whereas cat dermatopathies comprised 2 (15.4%) changes caused by bacteria, 3 (23.1%) mixed infections, 2 (15.4%) infections caused by Sporothrix sp., 1 (7.6%) caused by dermatophyte and 3 (23.1%) by yeast. Results have shown that Malassezia sp. was the most prevalent etiological agent in ear diseases diagnosed in both dogs and cats. On the other hand, bacteria were the most prevalent agents in dog skin disorders, whereas mixed infections and fungal agents recorded similar prevalence in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUÇÃO: A orelha de abano é o mais comum de todos os defeitos congênitos da orelha, com incidência de 5% em caucasianos. O tratamento cirúrgico deve corrigir os ângulos auriculocefálico e escafoconchal, bem como a protrusão do lóbulo, quando presente. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a experiência de nosso serviço no tratamento da orelha de abano com a combinação de diversas técnicas disponíveis. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 47 pacientes, operados com a associação de técnicas já descritas anteriormente, sendo utilizados incisão cartilaginosa, pontos de Mustardé para definição de antélice e fixação da concha na mastoide. Os pacientes com menos de 15 anos de idade foram operados sob anestesias geral e local, e os demais foram submetidos somente a anestesia local. Todos os pacientes foram reavaliados no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Os resultados pós-operatórios foram considerados satisfatórios pelos pacientes e pela equipe cirúrgica, sem o aparecimento do estigma de orelha operada. CONCLUSÕES: O melhor tratamento de orelhas proeminentes é obtido com a associação de diversas técnicas. A abordagem empregada nos pacientes avaliados tem apresentado resultados naturais e com baixos índices de complicação, satisfazendo a equipe cirúrgica e, principalmente, os pacientes.BACKGROUND: Prominent ear is the most common congenital defect of the ear, with an incidence of 5% in Caucasians. Surgical treatment should correct the auriculocephalic and conchoscaphal angles as well as protrusion of the lobe when present. This paper aims to report the experience of our service in the treatment of prominent ears with a combination of several available techniques. METHODS: Forty-seven patients operated with a combination of previously described techniques were evaluated, and cartilaginous incision, Mustardé sutures for antihelix definition, and concha-mastoid fixation were performed. Patients less than 15 years of age were operated under general and local anesthesia, while the remaining patients underwent only local anesthesia. All patients were reassessed on the first postoperative day. RESULTS: The postoperative results were considered satisfactory by both patients and surgical staff, with no stigma development in the operated ear. CONCLUSIONS: The best treatment of prominent ears is achieved by a combination of techniques. The approach used on the studied patients has produced natural-looking results with low complication rates, satisfying the surgical staff and, most importantly, the patients.

The infestation of the subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes or human body cavities by larva of diptera (Cochliomya macellaria) defines a clinical case of myiasis. The fact that it is a disease affecting the mucosa or subcutaneous tissue, the ear canal can be a region for the development of myiasis, known as otologic myiasis, a condition considered an urgency/emergency in otorhinolaryngology due to its morbidity and intense discomfort to the patient. Even the advances in myiasis knowledge in recent years, there are no clearly defined protocols to treat this condition. One option in treatment involves the use of mechanical removal and pharmacological treatment with iodoformium and ivermectin. This study aimed at describing a case of otologic myiasis and the treatment conducted in our service in this clinical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) reflects the electrical activity along the auditory pathway, from the cochlea to the brainstem, and contributes for the diagnosis of deafness in dogs. BAEP recording may require chemical restraint in some cases, so this study was designed to analyze the impact of sedation with morphine and acepromazine on the BAEP recordings of 16 dogs with normal hearing. BAEPs were recorded before and during sedation with a combination of morphine (0.5mgkg-1) and acepromazine (0.05mgkg-1) given intramuscularly. The protocol employed allowed safe and effective animal restraint. Sedation increased the latency of waves II and III and intervals I-III and I-V but did not interfere with wave identification. and showed to be safe in the dogs tested. Based on the current literature this is the first study which assessed the impact of sedation on BAEPs in dogs in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing loss is a sensory disorder and an important public health problem, being genetic or nongenetic (environmental factors). Hearing loss is classified how conductive, when you change the quantity of sound transmitted and how sensorineural, when affect the sound transmission to the brain. The degree of hearing loss, can be: light, moderate, accentuated, severe, profound and anacusis. The objective of this study was to conduct a a short review about the etiology of genetic deafness (autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, X-linked and mitochondrial inheritance) and list the molecular diagnostic tests that identify the etiology of genetic deafness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine whether the severity index that measures the percentage of consonants correct distinguishes children with speech sound disorders (SSD) according to measures of stimulability and speech inconsistency, as well as to the presence of heritability (familial history) and history of early recurrent otitis media. Methods: Participants were 15 subjects aged between 5 and 7 years and 11 months, diagnosed as phonologically disordered. The PCC-R index was calculated for both words imitation and picture naming tasks, separately. The need to apply stimulability test was considered according to the criteria proposed in previous research for Brazilian Portuguese- -speaking children. Speech inconsistency allowed the classification of subjects as either consistent or inconsistent. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Comparison between PCC-R calculated for picture naming and words imitation tasks demonstrated difference only for the need for the application of the stimulability test. Such difference was not observed in the speech inconsistency test. No difference was found at PCC-R values considering both familial and otitis media histories. Conclusion: The present research indicates that children who were submitted to the stimulability test presented lower values of PCC-R. However, PCC-R values were not determinant for differences among children, regarding the speech inconsistency test and familial and otitis media histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the behaviors of temporal resolution and temporal ordering, sound localization, and auditory closure, and to investigate possible associations with complaints of learning, communication and language difficulties in individuals with unilateral hearing loss. Methods: Participants were 26 individuals with ages between 8 and 15 years, divided into two groups: Unilateral hearing loss group; and Normal hearing group. Each group was composed of 13 individuals, matched by gender, age and educational level. All subjects were submitted to anamnesis, peripheral hearing evaluation, and auditory processing evaluation through behavioral tests of sound localization, sequential memory, Random Detection Gap test, and speech-in-noise test. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to compare the groups, considering the presence or absence of hearing loss and the ear with hearing loss. Results: Unilateral hearing loss started during preschool, and had unknown or identified etiologies, such as meningitis, traumas or mumps. Most individuals reported delays in speech, language and learning developments, especially those with hearing loss in the right ear. The group with hearing loss had worse responses in the abilities of temporal ordering and resolution, sound localization and auditory closure. Individuals with hearing loss in the left ear showed worse results than those with hearing loss in the right ear in all abilities, except in sound localization. Conclusion: The presence of unilateral hearing loss causes sound localization, auditory closure, temporal ordering and temporal resolution difficulties. Individuals with unilateral hearing loss in the right ear have more complaints than those with unilateral hearing loss in the left ear. Individuals with hearing loss in the left ear have more difficulties in auditory closure, temporal resolution, and temporal ordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to evaluate the performance of auditory abilities and conditions in the middle ear of children from 4 to 6 year old. Method: we applied the tests in order to detect sound (pediatric audiometer in 20dBHL), the Simplified Assessment of Auditory Processing (SAAP) and the acoustic immittance measures (handtymp with a probe of 226Hz). In order to compare the results from the tests of auditory abilities and measures of acoustic impedance we applied Fisher's exact test with significance level of p <0.05. Results: the study involved 61 children with a mean age of 5.65 years. There was some alteration in at least one of the investigated auditory skills in 24.6% of the children. Tympanometry was altered in 34.4% of the children and 64% were classified on the "fail" criterion for the measure of ipsilateral acoustic reflex. Younger children had higher incidence of middle ear disorders, but with no significant statistical difference between different ages as for the tests. Conclusion: younger children showed a higher occurrence of alterations in the tests of auditory abilities and measures of acoustic immittance. Research and monitoring programs for the conditions of the middle ear and auditory skills in preschool and school age can eliminate or minimize events that would alter the socio-linguistic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the monitoring of the newborn and the promotion of hearing health after insertion of speech therapy at the Family Health Strategy. Method: this is a retrospective documentary study with quantitative approach using 88 infants who underwent OAE testing in the period from February to May 2010, we examined the monthly reports' devolution of the Health Hearing Service of the Municipality, consolidated monthly statements and the handbooks of the Center for Family Health in Sobral-Ce. Results: from the studied newborns, 35 (39.77%) failed the test, 7 (20%) were infants with risk indicator for hearing loss and 28 (80%) did not have any risk; It was found that some infants classified by risk indicator of the health Hearing Service had no risk factor according to the Family Health Center. It was also observed that increased the number of referrals to the OAE test increased 8.33%. As for the retesting, 1 (7.69%) child returned in the months from March to August 2009, compared to the months of September/2009 to February/2010 where 17 (65.38%) children had being retested after the performance of speech therapy in the CSF of Sumaré. Conclusion: the presence of speech therapy in primary care is essential for monitoring and tracking the early diagnosis of hearing disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The external otitis is an inflammatory process that gets at the pinna and the external acoustic meatus of many animals; it can be a pathological process with acute, chronic or still recurrent chronic evolution. In dogs, the external otitis has high clinic importance. This condition could do stenosis or acoustic duct occlusion, inhibiting the ear's cleanliness and the application of topical preparations as a way of medical treatment. The vertical acoustic duct's ablation is indicated when all this are ill; however the horizontal duct keeps normal. This employment's goal is report a case of ablation at vertical acoustic duct in a male dog, Husky Siberiano race, seven years old which showed chronic and recurrent external otitis. Case: A dog with chronic and recurrent otitis historic and some bids of medicated treatments, without success therapeutic, it was rescued at Hospital of Clínicas Veterinárias at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. The owner also reported that the acoustic duct was completely closed and the canine was prostrate and aggressive. In the physical exam was observed stenosis of the right acoustic canal, where had a small orifice, approximately 2 mm, whereby purulent secretion was drained. The patient was submitted to screening's exams like: complete CBC and skull radiography. In the presence of the historic and alterations observed in the clinical exam, it was routed to make an ablation of the vertical acoustic duct. The postoperative consisted of antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesics. External point dehiscence happened, choosing healing it for second intention. At forty-fifth day postsurgical, the canine had already shown completely wound's healing, without secretion by ostium at horizontal auditory duct and without any sign of pain to handle the ear. Discussion: The acoustic duct's stenosis in the canine reported happened because of the chronicle external otitis that can change permanently the size and the external acoustic duct's characteristics. The surgical proceeding made is an alternative technique that has been used when the entire vertical duct is found, grossly, distorted or filled in with a hyperplastic mucosa. The antibiotic used after surgery until the culture result and susceptibility testing it was amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, once which has already known the effectiveness on external and medium otitis treatment. The dehiscence of some points and the wound's infection happened probably cause of the surgical manipulation of inflamed and septic tissues or still cause of the inappropriate dead space closing or inappropriate drainage. It was chosen the healing for second intention using in it an ointment composed by collagenase and chloramphenicol. It was used an ear solution in locus, containing anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anesthetic to minimize the inflammation, infection and pain at external ear, even after surgical treatment. The discomfort and the pain to manipulate and touch at right ear were obvious on clinical treatment and also what it was identified by the owner like an aggressive animal's behavior decreased substantially after the surgical proceeding, could be classified as absent at the revaluation in forty-fifth days postoperative. The vertical portion's ablation of the acoustic duct is a technique little used and documented in veterinary medicine, once that has really indications points. The surgical proceeding showed to be important, because allow the secretions drainage, the application of topical agents in the horizontal acoustic duct and the pain's control caused by chronicle and recurrent otitis in this patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (or Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and results in reduced immunity, leaving affected individuals more susceptible to illness and opportunistic infections. As the disease progresses, structures within the central auditory system can be affected either by the direct action of the virus or as a consequence of secondary infections. Other areas of the auditory system may also be more vulnerable to pathology in people living with HIV or AIDS. Purpose: the goal of this review was exploratory, to identify possible points of intersection between auditory disorders and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This paper reports the results of a literature review on auditory disorders associated with HIV and AIDS and discusses the potential impact of ear pathologies among HIV/AIDS-infected populations. Conclusion: literature suggests several possible types of association between auditory disorders and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and that people with HIV/AIDS may require hearing care interventions. Health professionals, including those from the Brazilian public health system, should examine the need for hearing-related services among HIV/AIDS patients in order to reduce the impact of the disease on daily life activities and prevent insofar, further auditory deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to check possible association and periodicity among of tinnitus complaint and vertigo. Methods: 50 subjects without hearing loss with or with no vertigo, from both genders with age ranging from 45 to 64 years were included in the research. The tinnitus and vertigo complaint was verified through standard audiological history. Results: no association between tinnitus and vertigo was found in these subjects. Conclusion: the results from this pilot study suggest no association between tinnitus complaint and vertigo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to compare the sound localization performance of hearing aids users, with the performance of normal hearing in the horizontal and sagittal planes, at 0.5, 2 and 4.5 Hz; to correlate the correct responses in sound localization tasks and the use time of hearing aids. Methods: eight normal hearing subjects and 20 hearing aid users were tested, subdivided into groups of 10 in-the-canal (ITC) hearing aid users and 10 behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid users. All subjects were tested with a sound localization device which had three types of square waves with fundamental frequencies at 0.5 kHz, 2 kHz and 4.5 kHz, at 70 dBA. Results: the rate of correct responses in sound localization tasks was 78.4%, 72.2% and 72.9% for normal hearing subjects, at 0.5 kHz, 2 kHz and 4.5 kHz, respectively, and 40.1%, 39.4%, and 41.7% for hearing aid users. As for the types of hearing aids, users of ITC type hit the correctly sound localization in 47.2% and user of BTE type in 37.4%. Conclusion: normal hearing subjects locate sound sources more efficiently than hearing aid users, and among these, those using the ITC type obtained better performance. Moreover, the time of use does not interfere with the performance for locating the sound sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to investigate the equivalence among of sentence lists of the test: Lists of Sentences, in Portuguese, proposed by Costa in 1998. Methods: the information was taken from a database of a research project. 240 individuals with at least complete high-school, 18 to 30-year old and having normal audibility thresholds, were studied. The Sentence Recognition Thresholds under Silence and under Noise were separately searched in each ear through earphones. In The Sentence Recognition Thresholds under the Noise, speech and noise were presented at the same ear. Results: comparing the results among the lists, we find average difference of 0.03 dB NA to 0.86 dB NA under silence and 0.04 dB NA to 1.06 dB NA under noise. The minimum and maximum values in the six lists were very close. Conclusion: it was observed that in the application of the test Lists of Sentences in Portuguese, through earphones, both under silence as well as under noise, similar results were obtained in the lists 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B and 6B, showing equivalence among the lists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to characterize the auditory and vestibular symptoms of rural workers under an environmental exposed of organophosphate pesticides. Methods: this is a descriptive epidemic study that evaluated 50 workers. The age group varied from 21 to 59 years with a mean age of 38.3 years. There were 20 (40%) male and 30 (60%) female workers. A questionnaire was used with questions related to the auditory health in addition to some specific questions on time exposure. Results: the results showed that 38 (76%) workers showed dizziness and 29 (58%) of them continued showing these symptom; 27 (54%) related tinnitus; 23 (46%) fullness sensation. 37 (74%) workers don't have problem with hearing but 35 (70%) can't understand very well the spoken words. Data suggest that the pesticides induce auditory and vestibular system alterations. It is possible to affirm that it is a slow, insidious and silent intoxication. Conclusions: dizziness and hearing loss are a constant and subclinical symptoms in occupational exposure suggesting a precocious intoxication signal, harming the quality of life of these workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: herpes and audiology. Purpose: to promote a theoretical approach mainly on herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella zoster virus, and their effects on human hearing. Although representing the most relevant human herpetic viruses for the area of Audiology within the Speech and Language Pathology Science, these viruses are little studied and known, especially in Brazil. Methods: a research was carried out in national and international electronic databases, including SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS, and using the following keyword combinations: herpes simplex/zoster X hearing loss or deafness. Studies published from the 90's until today were selected, revealing those that would contain the highest informative value, which would thus contribute for the objectives of this work. Conclusion: the studied herpetic viruses show strict relation with hearing disorders, regardless of the age in which the patient is affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze and compare the verbal expression of children without hearing impairment and deaf children using cochlear implants. Methods: the participants were twelve children without hearing impairment, with ages between four years two months and four years eleven months and ten deaf children using cochlear implants with age between four years and three months and five years and zero months. The children were evaluated using the Verbal Expression Scale of Reynell Developmental Language Scales (RDLS), American version, adapted by Fortunato-Queiroz (2007). The data of the two groups of children were analyzed and compared. Results: the deaf children had a worse performance when compared to the children without hearing impairment. Three deaf children had results that approximate the results of the children without hearing impairment, accepted as normal standard in this work. Conclusion: the results of the deaf children using cochlear implants were inferiors yours pairs listeners. The deaf children who showed the biggest punctuations were the ones with shorter time of hearing sense deprivation and longer time using the cochlear implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: audiological findings and language in regurgitating twin. Procedures: the study consists of the report concerning the Audiology findings and the speech development in regurgitating twin sisters. The following steps were accomplished for this study: gathering data in medical registers, patient medical reports and gathering family history. In the data medical registers, beyond the Audiology speech findings, we also found a boarding type of used therapeutic approach and the daily objective planning that guided the sessions. Results: children showed absence of otoacoustic emissions caused by transient stimulation, distortion product, and evoked hearing potential of the brain stem by air and by bone conduction with bilaterally electrophysiological threshold in 30 and 35dBNA, and a light degree hearing loss was suggested in the findings. In this follow-up, they had episodes of secretary otitis media, confirmed by the otolaryngology evaluation and tympanometric curves as for type B and C. Children initiated the speech therapy with ten-months age. Thirty-two therapeutical sessions were accomplished for subject A.B., 28 for subject A.E., in a period of eleven months, in which the children demonstrated improvements as for the language phase of the speech development, however they were not compatible with the age observed in studied literature. Conclusion: the two children with gastroesophageal reflux showed conductive loss, floating hearing in the first two years of life and delay in speech development. Although their productions show delay, it was possible to observe significant improvement of the children in relation to the therapeutical speech process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze and characterize children suspected by the family of hearing loss attended at Associação de Pais e Amigos do Deficiente Auditivo (APADA) in Teresina, PI. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out at PFHIA from September to October 2006. Form were filled out by 14 mothers and/or the responsible adult to find the following variables: identify the family member who suspected hearing loss in the child; the reason which led to the suspicion; the age of the child when hearing loss was detected by the family member; the attitude of the family after discovering the hearing loss; the age of the child when professional help was obtained and the orientation received; the time lapse from suspicion of hearing loss by the family to professional confirmation. Results: the data shows that hearing loss was suspected by the mothers in 86%. The reason for the suspicion was no reaction to sound from the child (71%). 36% of the families noticed the problem at the age of 7 to 12 months, 79% looked for medical help as their first attitude, 36% looked for a health professional before 1 year of age, 29% received the health orientation to use hearing aids and had the confirmation of hearing loss from 7 months to 1 year of age or after the age of 4. Conclusion: the diagnosis of hearing loss was late and discovered by members of the family and health professionals and was not related to newborn hearing screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to investigate hearing complaints and characterize the social and emotional impacts of hearing handicap in elderly. Methods: this cross-sectional study analyzed 35 participants of the projects: Enriquecimento Cultural e Processos de Envelhecimento and Nucleação, both of Pólo Interdisciplinar na Área do Envelhecimento of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Two instruments were used for data collection: an inventory the social-demographic features, general health and hearing perception and a tool reffered to as The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, HHIE (adapted by Wieselberg, 1997). We performed the descriptive analysis of the variables under study and, in order to check the association among the occurrence of hearing handicap with the others variables, bivariate analyzes were carried out, by using the X² test, considering p <0.05. Results: the results showed the prevalence of hearing complaint for at least 11 (31.4%) of the people and the prevalence of hearing handicap in 10 (28.6%) regarding the emotional and social issues. The main hearing handicap implications were related to the social abilities, such as conversation comprehension; TV/radio comprehension; low tolerance to intense sounds and noisy environments. Only 7 (20%) did not have any perception of hearing problems. Conclusion: in spite of using a reduced sample, we noted hearing complaints in daily activities of elderly, which could not be investigated with routine health assessments, not even with audiometry. These results were significant, mainly because we used a specific group, that included "young elderly" (60-69-year old), facts that could decrease the number of complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to check vestibular findings in patients with sensoneural hearing loss, hearing aid users. Methods: 20 patients (eleven females and nine males) aging from 39 to 85-year-old with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, from moderate to severe degrees, were attended in a higher education institution evaluated by medical history, otological inspections, complete basic conventional audiological evaluations, acoustic impedance tests and vectoeletronystagmography. Results: a) from the 20 evaluated patients, 18 (90%) showed tinnitus complaint, 15 (75%) dizziness complaint and eight (40%) headache complaint; b) There was a prevalence of alterations in the caloric test and in the peripheral vestibular system; c) the results of the vestibular exam showed alterations in 14 patients (70%) being, eight cases (40%) of peripheral vestibular irritative syndromes and six cases (30%) of peripheral vestibular deficiency syndromes; d) we verified significant difference between the vestibular exam results and how long the patient had use the hearing aid; e) from the five patients that did not related vestibular symptoms four (80%) showed alterations in the vestibular exam. Conclusion: the importance and sensibility of the functional study regarding the balance system in this type of population must be emphasized because same disorders may occur in the vestibular exam in spite of symptom presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to identify the hearing loss risk indicators in newborns at a public hospital facility in Campinas - São Paulo, in the period from July 2007 to January 2008. Methods: sample composed of 589 protocols of newborns evaluated in the Program of Universal Hearing Screening during the considered period. Results: 152 protocols (25.8%) showed hearing loss risk indicators. Among them, the most prevalent were, in decreasing order: family antecedents (26.3 %); Apgar index from 0 to 4 in the first minute (23.6%); ototoxic drug use (23.6 %), incubator permanence (22.3%), hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn (21.7%) and permanence in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (18.4%). Conclusion: the number of risk indicators found per newborn ranged from 1 to 6. Among the newborns with hearing loss risk indicators, just one baby failed in the three evaluations conducted in the hearing screening program. This baby's protocol showed three hearing loss risk indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to identify possible peripheral and central auditory disorders in workers of a recycling fluorescent light bulbs industry that were exposed to elemental mercury. Methods: pure tone audiometric tests were done (air and bone conduction measures), speech audiometric tests and immittance measures (timpanometry and acoustic reflexes thresholds) in 13 workers, all of them male, 38.5 years old in average and mean exposure time of six years. After that, auditory processing tests were done in nine workers (verbal dichotic listening test and frequency pattern test - PPS). Results: among the 13 workers who took the audiometric tests and immittance measure tests, six of them (46%) developed sensoriumneural hearing loss and seven of them (54%) developed altered acoustic reflex thresholds. Among nine workers who took the auditory processing test, three of them (33.5%) registered altered results in both verbal dichotic listening and PPS tests. Conclusions: peripheral and central auditory disorders were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to check the relation between oral breathing etiology and hearing disorders. Methods: 97 files were collected from the Mouth Breather Center at UNIFESP. The etiologies had been classified as Tonsils hypertrophy (pharnyx and palatine), Atopy, Atopy associated to hypertrophy and Functional. Tonal and bone thresholds, respectively, in the frequencies from 250 to 8 kHz and from 500 to 4 kHz above 20 dB NA; the gap between these thresholds - above 10 dB; deviated tympanic curve from -100 dapa, had been considered as a criteria to set up hearing disorder. According to the tonal thresholds, the hearing losses have been classified as mild or moderate. The tympanograms have been classified as: type A -normality, type B - media otitis and type C - tube dysfunction. Results: normal hearing was present in 79.5% of atopic patients, in 61,8% in the ones with both, atopy and hypertrophy, and in the individuals with hypertrophy it was observed in 57.7%. Every patient with functional etiology had presented normal hearing. Through the data correlation between etiologies and immittance thresholds, it was verified that in atopic individuals there was a prevalence of type C curve (29.5 %). When atopic individuals had hypertrophy, the prevalent curve was B (32.4%) and in individuals with hypertrophy, it was observed both types B and C with an identical prevalence of 21,8%. All the functional oral breathers showed a tympanometrical curve. Conclusion: it can be verified that most oral breathers don't have hearing loss, but individuals with hypertrophy showed higher prevalence of hearing disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to perform a quantitative inventory on exchanges and/or omissions in the SSW test and its possible relationships between auditory processing disorders, as well as different complains from these individuals Methods: 226 protocols were selected among patients who performed the SSW (staggered spondaic word) test at Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo in 2005. In order to analyze the medical records, a protocol was elaborated where general interview data and the description of the patient's performance in the test were computed, as well as the classification of the alteration. Results: no associations among complaints and classifications of the altered exams were observed. The exchanges and omissions and alteration were fewer in the normal tests and larger in the altered ones. Larger number was verified in the left competitive condition in exchange and omission errors. Conclusions: the most frequent type of auditory processing disorder was decoding. There were writing and reading related complaints. The highest incidence of errors in the test was observed in individuals with complaints without a predominance of one of these complaints in one of the classified processing disorder alteration. The presence of large number of exchanges in the SSW test is an indicator for inability related to phonemic analysis and synthesis of speech sounds. A large number of omissions, predominantly in the left ear is an indicator of inability to integrate acoustic and linguistic aspects of speech sounds that make up a word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to compare the static, dynamic and recovered balance of deaf and hearing children. Methods: nine deaf children and eighteen hearing children were evaluated (age nine to twelve, both sexes). To evaluate the static, dynamic and recovered balance, we used the "four" test, Romberg test, the "spend on the bridge" test, Unterberger test and 180° test, respectively. Results: in all tests, most of hearing children showed steady balance and most of deaf children showed unstable recovered balance. Conclusion: the analysis of results led to a conclusion that hearing children have best performance than deaf children, regarding static, dynamic and recovered balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: although congenital rubella syndrome risk after immunization is low, it is required to assert immunity of women in fertile age, especially those in higher risk of exposure aiming at prevention. Purpose: to elucidate the risk that rubella immunization in the first three months of gestation presents for the newborn hearing. Conclusion: investigations carried out by this study allow us to conclude that there is still a lot to be done in order to eradicate rubella in Brazil, as well as to reduce/decrease risks of neurosensorial deafness caused by CRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Otitis externa is a common complaint in dogs. Bacteria and yeasts are commonly involved and may perpetuate inflammatory reactions inside the ear canal. Otoscopy, cytological examination of secretion and microbiological culture embody forms of diagnosis. Cytology also has great use in accessing treatment evolution. Therapy usually consists of cleaning ear canals and subsequent use of antibiotics or antifungal products. As some of them may cause hypersensitivity and even ototoxicity, searching for new pharmacological bases is currently necessary and justifies this study, which aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo efficacy of tea tree essential oil for bacterial and yeast ear infections in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs from a particular shelter in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil), presenting clinical signs of otitis externa, were enrolled in this clinical trial. In all of them, clinical and cytological evaluations, as well as culture and susceptibility testing of the affected ears were carried out. From each dog, one ear was treated with 5% tea tree essential oil lotion and the other with standard otic formulation, according to the type of infection (bacterial, yeast or both). In vitro susceptibility testings of all ear cultures, to the same drugs used in treatment, were also carried out. Culture results showed 62.5% bacterial and fungal infection, 33.9% bacterial infection and 3.6% fungal infection, from the 56 ear samples collected. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Malassezia pachydermatis. Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to gentamycin in 60.5% and resistant in 16.3% of the samples. Five percent tea tree essential oil formulation produced a 5mm clear zone of inhibition around the disks in one of the 63 samples evaluated. Pure (100%) tea tree essential oil formulation produced a 10mm clear zone of inhibition around the disks in four of the 63 samples evaluated, a 9mm zone in three samples, an 8mm zone in 16 samples, a 7mm zone in seven samples, a 6mm zone in two samples and there was no clear zone in 31 samples. Inhibition zones were produced by strains of Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Corynebacterium sp., Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter sp. tea tree essential oil ear solution significantly induced remission of clinical signs both in bacterial and yeast ear infections. It also reduced as much Malassezia pachydermatis ear infection as the nystatin solution used in this study, while gentamycin solution showed better antibacterial effect. More studies should be conducted to evaluate in vitro diffusion properties of tea tree essential oil. Good antimicrobial spectrum and the absence of adverse reactions confirm the importance of developing a tea tree formulation as an alternative therapy for ear infections in dogs.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As queixas de sintomas otológicos podem estar associadas a quadros de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). A placa miorrelaxante é uma alternativa de tratamento para a DTM, pois oferece oclusão ideal para o paciente, atuando nos sintomas de dor. Considerando as características conservadoras e reversíveis da terapia de suporte com placa miorrelaxante, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar seu impacto na frequência de alterações otológicas em pacientes com DTM. MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo de intervenção em 35 pacientes com sintomas otológicos associados à DTM. Foram considerados portadores de DTM aqueles que apresentassem pelo menos três sinais e três sintomas da morbidade, sendo um deles otalgia, zumbido, sensação de hipoacusia, sensação de plenitude auricular ou tontura. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame clínico, orientações e confecção de placa miorrelaxante maxilar em resina acrílica termoplastificável. Ajustes da placa e avaliação dos sintomas foram realizados quinzenalmente. Utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher para análise estatística da diferença entre a prevalência de sinais e sintomas antes (AN) e após (AP) a terapia, com nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Dezenove pacientes concluíram o tratamento. Observou-se redução na prevalência de sinais e sintomas otológicos: zumbido (AN = 14; AP = 6; p = 0,009), otalgia (AN = 13; AP = 4; p = 0,003), sensação de plenitude auricular (AN = 12; AP = 4; p = 0,006), tontura (AN = 11; AP = 4; p = 0,009) e de hipoacusia (AN = 10; AP = 2; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A placa miorrelaxante é uma terapia conservadora e reversível que mostrou ser capaz de melhorar os sintomas otológicos associados à DTM.

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