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ABSTRACT: The Fisher’s infinitesimal model is traditionally used in quantitative genetics and genomic selection, and it attributes most genetic variance to additive variance. Recently, the dominance maximization model was proposed and it prioritizes the dominance variance based on alternative parameterizations. In this model, the additive effects at the locus level are introduced into the model after the dominance variance is maximized. In this study, the new parameterizations of additive and dominance effects on quantitative genetics and genomic selection were evaluated and compared with the parameterizations traditionally applied using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction method. As the parametric relative magnitude of the additive and dominance effects vary with allelic frequencies of populations, we considered different minor allele frequencies to compare the relative magnitudes. We also proposed and evaluated two indices that combine the additive and dominance variances estimated by both models. The dominance maximization model, along with the two indices, offers alternatives to improve the estimates of additive and dominance variances and their respective proportions and can be successfully used in genetic evaluation.

Eucalyptus globulus hybrids represent an excellent alternative to the pulp and paper sector, because of gains in wood quality for pulp. However, these hybrids have shown recalcitrance to adventitious rooting. Thus, micropropagation is considered the technique for rejuvenating adult genetic materials, allowing its clonal propagation. This study evaluated the in vitro culture of three clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus and three clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus in relation to in vit ro multiplication on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL -1 BAP and 0,01 mgL -1 NAA. The effect of IBA concentrations (0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg L -1 ) and MS and JADS culture media was evaluated on in vitro elongation. The clones differed during in vitro multiplication of shoots and they had an average multiplication rate of 3.0 shoot clusters in each subculture. The responses of the clones to different concentrations of IBA, as well as to MS and JADS culture media differed for elongation in vitro . The range between 0.40 and 0.80 mg L -1 AIB provided the highest number and length of in vitro elongated shoots and the best vigor of shoots.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050986626O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o comportamento de clones de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus globulus Labill e Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake x Eucalyptus globulus Labill e o efeito de diferentes introduções in vitro (aos 30, 90 e 150 dias após a poda do ápice das minicepas) na fase de estabelecimento in vitro. As minicepas, fornecedoras dos explantes para a introdução in vitro, foram conduzidas em minijardim clonal semi-hidropônico. Segmentos nodais de 21 clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus e 8 clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus foram coletados, desinfestados e inoculados em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA. Após 30 dias em cultura, foram feitas as avaliações e concluiu-se que houve variação entre clones, bem como entre introduções in vitro, para as variáveis estudadas, sendo possível o estabelecimento in vitro da maioria dos clones.

ABSTRACT Flow cytometry and microsatellite markers were used to determine a genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants from the two Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clones and a Eucalyptus grandis x E. globulus clone derived from adult material. Clones were repeatedly subcultured for 25 subcultures on MS medium supplemented with BA (2.22 µM) and ANA (0.05 µM) for in vitro shoot multiplication. The elongation was performed in MS culture medium supplemented with AIB (2.46 µM) and BA(0.22 µM). The ex vitro rooting and acclimatization phases were lead at the same time. The micropropagated clones showed genetic stability by flow cytometry and microsatellite markers. The results proved that micropropagation, for purposes of rejuvenation, can be a viable technique to generate genetically stable or identical E. globulus hybrid clones.