41 results on '"Epoxy resins"'
Search Results
2. Materiais de intervenção de conservação e restauro em vidro arqueológico - uma revisão bibliográfica.
- Author
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PEREIRA, ANDREIA, VILARIGUES, MÁRCIA, and COUTINHO, INÊS
- Subjects
RESIN adhesives ,EPOXY resins ,ACETIC acid ,ACRYLIC resins ,CONSERVATION & restoration - Abstract
Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Seleção de material para ponteiras de bengalas de deficientes visuais com apoio do método TOPSIS.
- Author
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de Souza Leão, Cláudia Canto, de Castro Corrêa, Alessandro, da Silva Rodrigues, Jean, and Leão Filha, Elza Monteiro
- Subjects
- *
AUTOMOBILE tires , *PEOPLE with visual disabilities , *THREE-dimensional printing , *EPOXY resins , *STAFFS (Sticks, canes, etc.) , *ACRYLONITRILE butadiene styrene resins - Abstract
The objective of this study was to select materials for low-cost walking stick tips manufactured for visually impaired people, considering multiple attributes. Five tips were evaluated: one composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) by 3D printing and four polymer matrix composites, epoxy or polyester, containing five or fifteen percent particulate rubber from wasted automobile tires. User assessments and an environmental contribution measure were added to the technical attributes. The study was carried out in three stages: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and multi-attribute evaluation using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The attributes weights were determined based on a complete rank-ordering provided by expert engineering. The results obtained show that epoxy matrix tips containing fifteen percent of particulate rubber were the best alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
4. SÍNTESE DE MATERIAL NANOESTRUTURADO À BASE DE RESINA EPOXÍDICA E SÍLICA: ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES TERMOMECÂNICAS.
- Author
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Reis Pinto, Patricia, Fagundes de Jesus, Washington, dos Anjos da Silva, Adriana, and da Silva Santana, Jonathan
- Subjects
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NANOTECHNOLOGY , *EPOXY resins , *NANOSTRUCTURED materials , *DYNAMIC mechanical analysis , *POLYAMIDES - Abstract
Science and technology at the nanoscale have attracted considerable attention in recent years, because of the expected impact that the nanostructured materials can have on the improvement of life quality. It is expected that the advance in nanoscience and nanotechnology encourages the exploration of new phenomena and new theories. The present study investigated the main aspects involved in the modified of epoxy resin (RE) cured with hardener polyamide agent. In this epoxy matrix are incorporated inorganic nanoparticles of commercial silica - R200 (AerosilTM). The characterization of the samples from the systems epoxy / polyamide, with and without the addition of nanoclay silica, were evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The rheometry of the samples indicated that, by the determination of the linear viscoelasticity regime of the epoxy matrix, it was verified that the addition of 1% w/w of silica resulted in increased viscosity of the epoxy matrix, as expected. This behavior suggests that the dispersion resulted in increased interaction between the RE and silica filler, promoted by high shear during the mixing procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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5. CIMENTOS BIOCERÂMICOS DE TERCEIRA GERAÇÃO.
- Author
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Noriega Monje, Mauricio Erland and Tavares de Medeiros Honorato, Maria Cristina
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MINERAL aggregates , *EPOXY resins , *CALCIUM silicates , *CEMENT , *DENTAL cements , *CALCIUM hydroxide - Abstract
The search for a high-performance filling cement has encouraged several kinds of research with different materials of calcium hydroxide, epoxy resin, and, more recently, MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate). Calcium silicate bioceramic cement is the finalproduct of physical improvement and chemical qualities of MTA, considered as a third-generation smart paste, with bioactive properties promisors in endodontics. The objective of this paper was to review the properties and the physical-chemical characteristics of two third-generation bioceramic cement and compared they with an epoxy resin-based cement considered the gold standard in root canal filling (AH Plus). Thus, we conduct a review with 78 studies, published in different scientific journals, in the last 20 years. After analyzing the articles, we found that bioceramic cements showed superior mechanical stability and mechanical resistance based on ISO standards, in different stages, when compared with other materials. So, this study showed that bioceramic cements have been considered promissory due to their physical-chemical properties approach ISO standards and surpass AH Plus cement in some aspects that justify their application in Dentistry Clinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
6. ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO MECÂNICO DO CONCRETO APLICADO EM CAMADAS.
- Author
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Mota Ferreira, Willer, de Melo, Pedro Tomé, and de Paula, Marcelo Cândido
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TENSILE strength , *BEND testing , *BUILDING foundations , *EPOXY resins , *CONCRETE - Abstract
The size of recent works in the city of Goiânia-GO has increased over the past few years, making it currently the largest building in Brazil located in this city. The executions of the foundation of these buildings have a high index of complexity due to the size, resistance characteristics of the concrete and great volume applied in the structural elements, in which it is necessary that the concreting is done, in some cases, in layers originating the cold joints. The purpose of the research was to analyze the behavior of different forms of cold joint execution, putting into practice possible connection methods between the concrete, always aiming at a better understanding of its effects when submitted to axial compression and bending traction test conditions. With the results achieved it is possible to determine that there was a difference, even if little, in the mechanical performance of the concrete. That is, the highest value of tensile strength in flexion was found in the specimen that used epoxy as a material between layers, in the case of prismatic and the lowest strength value in cylindrical specimen was also found when epoxy was used as a binding material between layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
7. Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Epoxy Resin in the Centre of Portugal
- Author
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Mariana Ferreira Bastos, Ricardo Batista, Diogo Laertes, Joana Calvão, and Margarida Gonçalo
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Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ,Epoxy Compounds ,Epoxy Resins ,Occupational Exposure ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Introduction. Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis is a very common occupational disease and epoxy resins are among its main causes. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with positive patch test reactions to epoxy resin detected in the Coimbra Hospital and University Center between 2012 and 2018 and compare with the results of patients patch tested between 1999 and 2008 at the same Institution. Method and Materials. Within aretrospective analysis of the files of patients with positive patch test reactions (1+ or more intense) to epoxy resin of bisfenol A tested at 1% pet. within the Baseline Series between 2012 and 2018, we characterized demographic and clinical data of reactive patients, evaluated the relevance of the reaction, sources of exposure to epoxy resin with particular attention to occupational exposures, other positive reactions and the impact of the results of the tests in the work conditions of these patients. Lastly, we compared these results with a previous study performed in the same Hospital between 1999 and 2008. Results. Among 2363 patch tested patients during the study period we found 23 patients (0.97%), 17 males and 6 females, who developed contact allergy to epoxy resins. In 22 cases we identified a relevant occupational exposure: 9 from construction industry; 9 workers from wind-mill turbines factory for Eolic energy; 2 from fiberglass factories; 1 from a chemical factory and 1 from a Wastewater Treatment Plant. In 1 patient (a teacher) no relevance was found. Of these 22 workers, 9 (39.1%) had both hand and airborne lesions, while 8 (34.8%) had lesions exclusively on the hands and 5 (21.7%) had predominately airborne dermatitis. Four of the 23 (17.4%) reacted exclusively to the epoxy resin, and 11 of 18 (61.1%) also reacted to 0.25% hexanediol diglycidyl ether. Avoidance resulted in a significant improvement of symptoms. Compared to the previous period (1999-2008), there are no significative changes apart from a slight increase in the frequency of the allergic reactions to epoxy resins and its main source of exposure. Conclusions. The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin has slightly increased in this Portuguese Center mostly due to workers from wind-mill turbines factory for Eolic energy, a recent industry implanted in this region. This allergen still causes almost exclusively occupational dermatitis, either hand, airborne, or both.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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8. Dermatite de Contacto Ocupacional por Resina Epóxi no Centro de Portugal.
- Author
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Ferreira Bastos, Mariana, Batista, Ricardo, Laertes, Diogo, Calvão, Joana, and Gonçalo, Margarida
- Subjects
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EPOXY resins , *CONSTRUCTION industry personnel , *SEWAGE disposal plants , *EPOXY compounds , *CONTACT dermatitis , *ECZEMA - Abstract
Introduction: Occupational allergic contact dermatitis is a very common occupational disease and epoxy resins are among its main causes. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with positive patch test reactions to epoxy resin detected in the Coimbra Hospital and University Center between 2012 and 2018 and compare with the results of patients patch tested be- tween 1999 and 2008 at the same Institution. Material and Methods: Within a retrospective analysis of the files of patients with positive patch test reactions (1+ or more intense) to epoxy resin of bisfenol A tested at 1% pet. within the baseline series between 2012 and 2018, we characterized demographic and clinical data of reactive patients, evaluated the relevance of the reaction, sources of exposure to epoxy resin with particular attention to occupational exposures, other positive reactions and the impact of the results of the tests in the work conditions of these patients. Lastly, we compared these results with a previous study performed in the same Hospital between 1999 and 2008. Results: Among 2363 patch tested patients during the study period we found 23 patients (0.97%), 17 males and six females, who developed contact allergy to epoxy resins. In 22 cases we identified a relevant occupational exposure: nine from construction industry; nine workers from wind-mill turbines factory for eolic energy; two from fiberglass factories; one from a chemical factory and one from a wastewater treatment plant. In one patient (a teacher) no relevance was found. Of these 22 workers, nine (39.1%) had both hand and airborne lesions, while eight (34.8%) had lesions exclusively on the hands and five (21.7%) had predominately airborne dermatitis. Four of the 23 (17.4%) reacted exclusively to the epoxy resin, and 11 of 18 (61.1%) also reacted to 0.25% hexanediol diglycidyl ether. Avoidance resulted in a significant improvement of symptoms. Compared to the previous period (1999-2008), there are no significative changes apart from a slight increase in the frequency of the allergic reactions to epoxy resins and its main source of exposure. Conclusion: The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin has slightly increased in this Portuguese Center mostly due to workers from wind-mill turbines factory for eolic energy, a recent industry implanted in this region. This allergen still causes almost exclusively occupational dermatitis, either hand, airborne, or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. ESTUDO DO EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE DIFERENTES TEORES DE ARGILAS MONTMORILONITA E MICA MUSCOVITA NO COMPORTAMENTO PROTETIVO DE TINTAS EM PÓ BASE EPÓXI NA APLICADAS SOBRE AÇO AISI 1008.
- Author
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da Costa Ferreira, Patrícia, Rossa Beltrami, Lilian Vanessa, Piazza, Diego, Raquel Kunst, Sandra, and Jozé Zattera, Ademir
- Subjects
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SALT spray testing , *POLYMERIC nanocomposites , *CONTACT angle , *EPOXY resins , *POWDER coating , *MONTMORILLONITE - Abstract
The present work presents the elaboration of polymer nanocomposites of powder paint, based on epoxy resin and different levels of montmorillonite and muscovite mica clays. The nanocomposites were obtained in the molten state in a co-rotating double-screw extruder. The nanocomposites properties were analyzed by adhesion, profilometry, contact angle, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt fog tests. The results indicate that the surface roughness increased with increasing concentrations of clays. In general, the majority of samples with clays showed improvement in the protective properties when compared to the samples without addition of clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. Análise de reciclabilidade de armações de óculos solares: policarbonato vs madeira.
- Author
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Kanana, Manuela, Buginb, Luis A. K., Miritzc, Suzane, de Jacquesd, Jocelise Jacques, and Alves Cândidoe, Luis Henrique
- Subjects
PRODUCT life cycle ,OPTICAL goods stores ,EYE protection ,EPOXY resins ,DEATH ,RENEWABLE natural resources - Abstract
Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Curing and thermal behavior of epoxy resins of hexafluoro - bisphenol –A and bisphenol-A
- Author
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Vaishnav Kiran and Bharti Gaur
- Subjects
aromatic diamines ,curing behavior ,epoxy resins ,imide amine ,thermal properties ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Abstract This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of epoxy resins based on (hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (EFN) and p,p’-isopropylidenebisphenol (EBN), respectively and 4, 4’- (hexafluoroisopropylidene)dipthalic-imideamine (IMAM), a curing agent. The synthesized epoxy resins and IMAM curing agent were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.13C NMR technique was also used to characterize IMAM. Study of curing behavior of EFN and EBN with stoichiometric amount of aromatic 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and IMAM by using Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) indicated that IMAM was least reactive curing agent towards both epoxy resins as compared to DDS and DDM. The investigation of thermal decomposition of the cured compounds by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) indicated the higher thermal stability of EFN and EBN resins initially with DDS and at elevated temperatures with IMAM. It was also observed that EFN resins were thermally more stable than EBN resins cured with corresponding curing agents.
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- 2016
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12. Effect of the hardener to epoxy monomer ratio on the water absorption behavior of the DGEBA/TETA epoxy system
- Author
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Ayrton Alef Castanheira Pereira and José Roberto Moraes d’Almeida
- Subjects
water absorption ,epoxy resins ,hardener to epoxy monomer ratio ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Abstract The water absorption behavior of the DGEBA/TETA epoxy system was evaluated as a function of the epoxy monomer to amine hardener ratio. Weight gain versus immersion time curves were obtained and the experimental points were fitted using Fickian and Non-Fickian diffusion models. The results obtained showed that for all epoxy monomer to hardener ratios analyzed water diffusion followed non-Fickian behavior. It was possible to correlate the water absorption behavior to the macromolecular structure developed when the epoxy/ hardener ratio was varied. All epoxy/hardener ratios present a two-phase macromolecular structure, composed of regions with high crosslink density and regions with lower crosslinking. Epoxy rich systems have a more open macromolecular structure with a lower fraction of the dense phase than the amine rich systems, which present a more compact two-phase structure.
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- 2016
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13. Characterization of the curing agents used in epoxy resins with TG/FT-IR technique
- Author
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Benedita M. V. Romão, Milton F. Diniz, Margarete F. P. Azevedo, Vera L. Lourenço, Luiz C. Pardini, Rita C.L. Dutra, and Fabrice Burel
- Subjects
Epoxy resins ,curing agents ,TG/FT-IR technique ,controlled pyrolysis-FT-IR ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Samples of epoxy resin (EP) based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), cured with nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) and mercaptan (CAPCURE 3-800), or amine-phenol (CAPCURE EH-30), respectively, SE 4 and SE 5, were prepared in the stoichiometric ratio determined by the supplier. The curing behaviour of the epoxy systems SE 4 and SE 5 was followed by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). These SE and their ingredients were analyzed using FTIR transmission techniques (KBr pellets, pyrolysis without control and controlled pyrolysis-FT-IR, the CONTROLPIR/FT-IR) for characterizing the curing agents (CA). The temperature range used for samples pyrolysis was found from TG (thermogravimetry). Thus, the FT-IR bands of liquid pyrolysate obtained by CONTROLPIR/FT-IR were evaluated, in comparison to the reference spectrum of CA. The characterization of CA was also possible, by the analysis of such SE with the TG/FT-IR technique.
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- 2006
- Full Text
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14. Avaliação das propriedades de revestimentos orgânicos combinados à nanoplaquetas de grafeno aplicados sobre aço galvanizado pré-tratado com precursores alcóxidos de silício
- Author
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Oliveira, Henrique Carvalho de, Meneguzzi, Álvaro, Brandalise, Rosmary Nichele, Santos, Venina dos, and Zattera, Ademir José
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Epoxy resins ,Aço galvanizado ,Galvanized steel ,Grafeno ,Resinas epóxi ,Graphene - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES
- Published
- 2021
15. Caracterização de resinas epóxi utilizando técnicas cromatográficas
- Author
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Carvalhal, Daniela Patrícia Gomes, Santos, Sílvia Patricia Gonçalves, Parpot, Pier, and Universidade do Minho
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Contaminação ,Condensadores de filme metálico ,Metal film capacitors ,Epoxy resins ,Contamination ,Resinas epóxis ,Chromatographic techniques ,Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais ,Técnicas cromatográficas - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Técnicas de Caracterização e Análise Química, A preocupação crescente, por parte da população, relativamente ao meio ambiente aumentou a necessidade de procurar opções para substituir os combustíveis fósseis. Neste sentido, os componentes elétricos surgem como uma alternativa para a indústria automóvel. Os condensadores são componentes eletrónicos que estão presentes em quase todos os circuitos, tendo muita procura no mercado industrial. A função dos condensadores é armazenar energia quando esta é suficiente e libertar a energia armazenada quando é insuficiente. Um condensador de filme metalizado é constituído por um copo, uma bobina e por uma resina epóxi que tem como função isolar a bobina e revestir o copo. As resinas epóxi são materiais termoendurecíveis muito versáteis, pois o tipo de resina e a cura pode ser variada de forma a obter resinas epóxis que se enquadrem com os requisitos pretendidos. Este trabalho focou-se em analisar a contaminação presente em vários condensadores diferentes, assim como nas resinas e nos copos que os constituem. As amostras foram provenientes da Vishay Eletrónica Portugal Lda que produz condensadores de filme metalizados e trabalha maioritariamente para a indústria automóvel. Para isso usou-se o método cromatografia iónica (CI) para analisar qualitativamente e quantitativamente a contaminação iónica. Esta análise foi baseada em dois procedimentos diferentes. O primeiro baseado na norma “IPC-TM-650 TEST METHODS MANUAL - Ionic Analysis of Circuit Boards, Ion Chromatography Method”, para analisar os condensadores completos, os copos e as resinas. O segundo procedimento usado foi baseado na norma: “5011-883J: EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES FOR POLYMERIC MATERIALS”, unicamente para analisar as resinas. As amostras foram ainda sujeitas à cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detetor Ultravioleta-Visível (HPLC UV-Vis) para detetar os ácidos orgânicos fracos e à técnica ionização por eletrospray acoplada à espetrometria de massa (ESI-MS) para analisar moléculas orgânicas de elevado peso molecular. Também foram analisadas duas resinas epóxi através da cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espetrometria de massa (GC-MS), como o auxílio da extração por Microextração em fase sólida (SPME) para verificar que componentes libertam à temperatura ambiente e durante o processo de cura., The growing concern, between the population, about the environmental issues has increased the interest to found other alternatives to replace fossil fuels. In this way, electrical components emerge as an alternative to the automotive industry. Capacitors are electronic components that are present in almost all circuits, having much demand in the industrial market. The function of capacitors is to store energy when it is sufficient and to release stored energy when it is insufficient. A metallized film capacitor consists of a casing, a cell and an epoxy resin which has the function of isolating the cell and coating the casing. Epoxy resins are very versatile thermosetting materials as the resin type and cure can be varied to obtain the desired requirements. This work focused on analyzing the contamination present in several different capacitors, as well as the resins and the casings that make part of them. Samples were provided by Vishay Eletrónica Portugal Lda, which produces metallized film capacitors and works mostly for the automotive industry. For this purpose, the ion chromatography (CI) method was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the ion contamination. This analysis was based on two different procedures. The first based on the IPC TM-650 TEST METHODS MANUAL Standard - Ionic Analysis of Circuit Boards, Ion Chromatography Method, to analyze complete capacitors, casings and resins. The second procedure used was based on the standard: “5011-883J: EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES FOR POLYMERIC MATERIALS”, only to analyze the resins. The samples were further analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Visible Detector (UV-Vis HPLC) to detect weak organic acids and electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique to analyze organic molecules with high molecular weight. Two epoxy resins were also analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the aid of solid phase microextraction (SPME) to verify which components were released at room temperature and during the curing process.
- Published
- 2020
16. Evaluation of in vitro experimental model for analysis of bioceramic sealers.
- Author
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Silva EM, Alcalde MP, Vivan RR, Pomini M, Tanomaru-Filho M, and Duarte MAH
- Subjects
- Epoxy Resins, Models, Theoretical, Root Canal Filling Materials
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. PARÂMETROS DE PROCESSO DE PINTURA QUE INFLUENCIAM A RESISTÊNCIA À CORROSÃO DOS AÇOS.
- Author
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de Azevedo Alvarenga, Evandro
- Subjects
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CORROSION & anti-corrosives , *CORROSION resistant materials , *STEEL corrosion , *PHOSPHATES , *POROSITY , *EPOXY resins , *ELECTROPHORETIC deposition - Abstract
The effects of surface cleanness, phosphate layers mass and porosity and the type of electrophoretic resin on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of steels are studied on this paper. The tests were carried out in laboratory with test specimens painted at the automobile industry. The results show that the surface cleanness, measured by carbon or oil residues contents, must be less than 8 mg/m2 so as not to interfere in the formation of the phosphate layer. The mass and porosity of the phosphate layer must be less than 3.5 g/m2 and 1.5%, respectively, in order to ensure a good atmospheric corrosion resistance of the coating system. The type of cationic resin also influences the corrosion resistance of steels. The best results of corrosion resistance are obtained with modified epoxy resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Propriedades mecânicas de materiais compósitos à base de cimento Portland e resina epoxi.
- Author
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Panzera, T. H., Sabariz, A. L. R., Strecker, K., Borges, P. H. R., Vasconcelos, D. C. L., and Wasconcelos, W. L.
- Subjects
PORTLAND cement ,EPOXY resins ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,EFFECT of temperature on cement ,INFRARED spectroscopy - Abstract
The article investigates the mechanical properties of composite materials based on Portland cement and epoxy resin. It examines the effect of combination of a thermorigid epoxy stage and the white Portland cement. It concludes that the mechanical behavior changes are associated with the hydration of cement in the presence of resin, especially after infrared spectroscopy analysis.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO POR MICROSCOPIA CO-LOCALIZADA.
- Author
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da Fonseca Martins Gomes, Otávio and Paciornik, Sidnei
- Subjects
- *
SCANNING electron microscopy , *IRON ores , *HEMATITE , *MAGNETITE , *EPOXY resins - Abstract
Despite progress in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) automatic instruments, these systems are not capable of performing the identification and discrimination of major iron ore minerals (hematite and magnetite). On the other hand, Reflected Light Microscopy (RLM) can easily distinguish these iron oxides by their reflectancies, but it cannot discriminate quartz and epoxy resin, which presents similar color on images. Therefore, iron ore quantitative microstructural characterization is still a challenge. In the present work, a Co-Site Microscopy methodology that combines images obtained by RLM and SEM is applied to perform a quantitative characterization of an itabiritic iron ore. The so-called RLM-SEM Co-site Microscopy can discriminate phases that are not distinguishable with either RLM (epoxy resin and quartz) or SEM (hematite and magnetite) through this multimodal approach, allowing the subsequent mineralogical quantification. The applied methodology employs an automatic routine based on Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition techniques. The mineralogical quantification computed by image analysis was consistent with independently obtained results based on the Rietveld technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
20. Silanização de cargas carbonáceas para tenacificação de resinas epoxídicas em combinação a copolímeros-bloco
- Author
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Lavoratti, Alessandra, Amico, Sandro Campos, and Zattera, Ademir José
- Subjects
Epoxy resins ,Block-copolymers ,Compósitos poliméricos ,Silanes ,Graphite nanoplatelets ,Copolímeros em bloco ,Resina epóxi ,Graphene oxide - Abstract
Compósitos de resinas epoxídicas são utilizados para aplicações estruturais, porém a fragilidade dessas resinas é uma desvantagem devido à sua alta densidade de ligações cruzadas. A tenacificação dessas resinas pode ser feita com o uso de aditivos tais como borrachas líquidas ou copolímeros-bloco. Entretanto, esses aditivos podem reduzir a temperatura de transição vítrea dessas resinas. Nesse contexto, nanocargas carbonáceas tais como as nanoplaquetas de grafite (NPGr) e óxido de grafeno (OG) podem aumentar a resistência mecânica e tenacidade das resinas epoxídicas sem comprometer as propriedades térmicas. Além disso, a funcionalização dessas nanocargas com silanos facilita a dispersão e promove a adesão das cargas à matriz, melhorando as propriedades mecânicas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é modificar NPGr e OG com silanos 3-aminopropiltrietoxisilano (APTES) e 3- glicidoxipropiltrimetoxisilano (GPTMS), e avaliar a influência do tipo, da quantidade de nanocarga, do tratamento superficial, e do efeito sinergístico com copolímeros-bloco do tipo poli(etileno óxido)-b-poli(propileno óxido)-b-poli(etileno óxido) (EPE) no comportamento de cura, e nas propriedades mecânicas e dinâmioc-mecânias dos compósitos. As nanocargas foram dispersas em resina epoxídica em concentrações variando de 0,1% a 1% (%m) por sonificação, O EPE foi adicionado na concentração de 5% (%m), e os compósitos foram moldados por casting. Ensaios de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios X, espectroscopia Raman e difração de raios X (DRX) foram utilizados para caracterizar as nanocargas. Os compósitos foram caracterizados por calorimetria exploratória diferencial, DRX, análise dinâmico-mecânica, ensaios de tração e de impacto Izod e tenacidade à fratura, e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As NPGr e o OG foram funcionalizados mais efetivamente com o silano APTES. Para as NPGr, as melhores propriedades mecânicas foram atingidas com um percentual de 0,25% de carga em resina. A incorporação de 0,1% de OG tratado com APTES aumentou a tenacidade à fratura em relação à resina pura. Os efeitos sinergísticos do EPE com as NPGr e com o OG, com e sem APTES, foram avaliados, e a melhor combinação foi encontrada para o compósito com EPE e 0,1% de OG, aumentando a tenacidade à fratura em 33% em relação à resina pura, e evidenciando que o copolímero-bloco utilizado pode ser um agente de acoplamento. Epoxy resin composites are used for structural applications, but the fragility of these resins due to a highly cross-linked network is a disadvantage. The toughening of these resins can be achieved with additives such as liquid rubbers or block copolymers. However, these additives reduce the glass transition temperature of epoxy resins. In this context, carbonaceous fillers such as graphite nanoplatelets (GrNP) and graphene oxide (GO) can be used to increase the mechanical resistance and the toughness of epoxy resins without compromising their excellent thermal properties. Moreover, the functionalization of these fillers with silanes increases the dispersion and promotes better adhesion at the interface. The aim of this study is to modify GrNP and GO with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and to evaluate the influence of the carbonaceous filler type, the amount of filler, the surface treatment, and the synergistic effect of the combination of these fillers with poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-bpoly(ethylene oxide) (EPE) block-copolymer on the curing behavior, and on the mechanical and dynamic-mechanical properties of the composites. The nanofillers were added to the resin in concentrations of 0.1% - 1% (%wt) by sonication. 5 wt% EPE was subsequently added, and the composite were molded by casting. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the carbonaceous fillers. The composites were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, XRD, dynamic-mechanical analysis, tensile, impact and fracture toughness testing, and scanning electron microscopy. APTES functionalization was more effective for GrNP and GO. For GrNP, the best mechanical properties were obtained at 0.25 wt% filler content. The incorporation of 0.1 wt% APTES-GO increased the fracture toughness in comparison to the neat resin. The synergistic effects of EPE with GrNP and GO, with and without APTES treatment, were evaluated. The best combination was found for EPE with 0.1 wt% GO, increasing the fracture toughness by 33% in comparison to the neat resin, also showing that the block copolymer can be used as a coupling agent.
- Published
- 2019
21. Effect of peracetic acid used as single irrigant on the smear layer, adhesion, and penetrability of AH Plus
- Author
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Gisselle Moraima Chávez-Andrade, Milton Carlos Kuga, Ana Carolina Venção, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Kátia Cristina Keine, Gisele Faria, Fernanda Borges Cunha Tormin, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
- Subjects
Sodium Hypochlorite ,Root canal ,Smear layer ,Root Canal Filling Materials ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Reference Values ,Peracetic acid ,Root canal irrigant ,Materials Testing ,medicine ,Dentin ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Peracetic Acid ,Edetic Acid ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Root Canal Irrigants ,Bond strength ,Chemistry ,Epoxy Resins ,Dental Bonding ,Reproducibility of Results ,030206 dentistry ,Adhesion ,lcsh:RK1-715 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dentinal Tubule ,lcsh:Dentistry ,Smear Layer ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,CAMADA DE ESFREGAÇO ,Dental Pulp Cavity ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-83242019000100247.pdf: 3050684 bytes, checksum: e85152c44c28424c374f7d6461001996 (MD5) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peracetic acid (PAA) as a single irrigant on the smear layer, on the intraradicular dentinal bond strength, and on the penetrability of an epoxy-based resin sealer into the dentinal tubules. A total of 120 roots were distributed into 4 groups according to the irrigant used in root canal preparation: 1% PAA (PAA); 2.5% NaOCl followed by final irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl); 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl); and saline solution (SS). The smear layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength of an epoxy-based resin sealer (AH Plus) to root dentin was evaluated by the push-out test and penetrability of the sealer into dentinal tubules was observed by confocal laser microscopy. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn post-test (α = 0.05). The use of 1% PAA as single root canal irrigant provided smear layer removal and improved the penetrability and bond strength of AH Plus to root dentin in a manner similar to that of the NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl group (p > 0.05). The NaOCl and SS groups had higher values of smear layer and lower values of sealer penetrability and dentin bond strength than the PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). Thus, 1% PAA has the potential to be used as a single irrigant in root canals. Department of Restorative Dentistry UNESP - São Paulo State University School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry Dental Materials and Endodontics University of São Paulo School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry UNESP - São Paulo State University School of Dentistry
- Published
- 2019
22. Mechanical and thermal characterization of a thermoset polymer modified using buriti fiber
- Author
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Rosa, Bruno de Paula [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Dias Filho, Newton [UNESP], and Montanare, Fernando Barbosa
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Fibras de buriti ,Mechanical and thermal properties ,Epoxy resins ,Resinas epoxídicas ,Propriedades mecânicas e térmicas ,Buriti fibers ,Compósitos ,Composites - Abstract
Submitted by Bruno de Paula Rosa null (probrunorosa@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T19:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_ROSA-FINAL.pdf: 2710911 bytes, checksum: 8a66299171ca5006952e4bc224d21c5a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-04-10T17:16:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_bp_me_ilha.pdf: 2710911 bytes, checksum: 8a66299171ca5006952e4bc224d21c5a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T17:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_bp_me_ilha.pdf: 2710911 bytes, checksum: 8a66299171ca5006952e4bc224d21c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 Pensando na sustentabilidade, a introdução de fibras naturais em substituição às sintéticas no reforço de matrizes poliméricas, faz-se necessária entre outras coisas devido à preservação do meio ambiente, redução de custos, sem que comprometa a qualidade final do material. Esse projeto tem o objetivo de obter as características mecânicas e térmicas de materiais compósitos a base de resina epoxídica curada DGEBA/TETA com a adição de porcentagens específicas de fibras de buriti. A fibra escolhida foi o buriti, pela abundância no Mato Grosso do Sul, buscando um desenvolvimento sócio econômico para a região e a matriz escolhida foi a epóxi DGEBA/TETA por ser a resina mais utilizada no mundo. Foram utilizadas fibras com diâmetro de 0,17mm e comprimento de 30mm em porcentagens em massa de 1%,5%,10%,15% e 17,6% do total do compósito. A caracterização mecânica foi realizada através de ensaios de tração. Após a ruptura dos corpos de prova foi verificado com uso da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV),a formação de microvazios através dos ensaios de Termogravimetria (TGA) e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) foram verificadas a degradação e temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) dos compósitos. O compósito com a adição de 5% em massa de fibras apresentou um aumento de 11,98% (60,12 para 67,32 MPa) no limite de resistência a tração (LRT) e de 8,21% no módulo de elasticidade (E) (901,06 para 977,82 Mpa) em relação a resina pura, acima de 5% as propriedades permaneceram constantes. Já o Limite de Resistência à propagação de trincas (K1C) não apresentou alterações significativas ao se adicionar fibras a resina (permanecendo em torno de 1,19 MPa). Não houve alteração na transição vítrea, ficando em torno de 70ºC. Já o TGA verificou que a temperatura de degradação dos compósitos apresentou um valor intermediário entre a resina pura e a fibra pura. Thinking about sustainability, the introduction of natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers in the reinforcement of polymer matrices, is necessary among other things due to the preservation of the environment, cost reduction without compromising the final quality of the material. This project aims to obtain the mechanical and thermal characteristics of composite materials based on cured DGEBA / TETA epoxy resin with the addition of specific percentages of buriti fibers. The fiber was buriti, due to the abundance in Mato Grosso do Sul, seeking a socioeconomic development for the region and the chosen matrix was the epoxy DGEBA / TETA as the most used resin in the world. Fibers with a diameter of 0.17mm and a length of 30mm were used in mass percentages of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 17,6% of the total composite. The mechanical characterization was performed through tensile tests. After the rupture of the specimens was verified with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the microgravity formation through the Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests showed the degradation and glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the composites. The composite with the addition of 5% by mass of fibers presented an increase of 11.98% (60.12 to 67.32 MPa) at the tensile strength limit (LRT) and 8.21% in the modulus of elasticity ( E) (901.06 to 977.82 MPa) relative to pure resin, above 5% the properties remained constant. However, the Limit of Resistance to crack propagation (K1C) did not show significant changes when adding fibers to the resin (remaining around 1,19 MPa). There was no change in the glass transition, being around 70ºC. The TGA verified that the degradation temperature of the composites showed an intermediate value between the pure resin and the pure fiber.
- Published
- 2017
23. Revestimentos poliméricos aminados de origem vegetal aplicados como proteção anticorrosiva
- Author
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Moura, João Henrique Lingner, Petzhold, Cesar Liberato, and Martini, Emilse Maria Agostini
- Subjects
Poliolefinas ,Renewable source resins ,Epoxy resins ,Anticorrosive coating ,Anticorrosivo ,Poliuretanas ,Polyurethanes ,Aminated polyol ,Resinas ,Resina epóxi - Abstract
Revestimentos poliméricos são reconhecidos por agregar valor e aumentar consideravelmente a vida útil de substratos. Com tal finalidade, foram produzidas resinas poliuretânicas e epoxídicas derivadas de um poliol /epóxi aminado de fonte renovável para a proteção anticorrosiva do aço AISI 1020. Como material de partida é utilizado óleo de soja epoxidado modificado pela reação com benzilamina. O produto obtido foi caracterizado por espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV), ressonância magnética nuclear (H1-RMN), índice de hidroxilas e de acidez, cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho (SEC), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e reologia. Para caracterização das poliuretanas e resinas epoxídicas foram feitas análises de IV, ângulo de contato, perfilometria, dureza e análise dinâmico mecânica (DMA). As resinas preparadas foram utilizadas para recobrir placas de aço 1020. Após a cura dos filmes, os corpos de prova foram submetidos a testes de corrosão, sendo submersos em solução salina, simulando as condições da água do mar. As propriedades anticorrosivas dos filmes ao longo do período de imersão foram avaliadas através de medidas de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. Pelos testes eletroquímicos observou-se que a presença do óleo funcionalizado na formulação das resinas resultou em revestimentos com maiores resistências e menores capacitâncias caracterizando uma maior proteção anticorrosiva. Polymeric coatings are recognized for adding value and greatly increasing the service life of substrates. To this end, polyurethane and epoxy resins derived from an aminated polyol/epoxy from a renewable source were produced for the anticorrosive protection of AISI 1020 steel. Epoxidized soybean oil modified by reaction with benzylamine is used as the starting material. The product obtained was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), hydroxyl and acidity index, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology. For characterization of polyurethanes and epoxy resins, FTIR, water contact angle, profilemetry, hardness and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) analyzes were performed. The resins prepared were used to enfold AISI 1020 steel plates. After the curing of the applied films, the specimens were submitted to corrosion tests, being submerged in saline solution, simulating the conditions of sea water. The anticorrosive properties of the films during the immersion period were evaluated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. By the electrochemical tests was observed that the presence of the functionalized oil in the formulation of the resins resulted in coatings with higher resistances and lower capacitances, characterizing a better anticorrosive protection.
- Published
- 2017
24. Influência da adição de diferentes oligômeros poliédricos de silsesquioxano (POSS) incorporados na resina epóxi no desempenho à corrosão em substrato de aço de baixa liga
- Author
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Longhi, Marielen, Grisa, Ana Maria Coulon, Zoppas, Jane, Romanzini, Daiane, and Kunst, Sandra Raquel
- Subjects
Nanocomposites (Materials) ,Epoxy resins ,Poliedros ,Materials - Testing ,Materiais - Testes ,Nanocompósitos (Materiais) ,Polyhedra ,Resinas epoxi - Abstract
A resina epóxi é uma das matrizes mais empregadas na produção de compósitos e revestimentos. Destaca-se no grupo dos materiais termorrígidos devido à facilidade de processamento, suas propriedades mecânicas e à estabilidade térmica. Propriedades como resistência à temperatura e flexibilidade têm sido sistematicamente modificadas pelo uso de diferentes materiais, como argilominerais e, mais recentemente, oligômeros poliédricos de silsesquioxano – POSS, aplicados em matrizes epóxi. Os oligômeros poliédricos de silsesquioxano (POSS) usados na preparação de nanocompósitos termorrígidos têm sido estudados na obtenção de materiais híbridos capazes de suportar temperaturas mais elevadas, promover aumento de propriedades mecânicas e melhorar propriedades de superfície como, por exemplo, a hidrofobicidade do polímero. Os grupos funcionais mais comuns utilizados na preparação de nanocompósitos com resina epóxi são aminas, álcoois e grupos epóxi. A funcionalidade da nanogaiola é importante, uma vez que um termorrígido formado por uma microestrutura reticulada apresente uma microestrutura tridimensional que pode interagir em qualquer direção formando ligações ou interagindo na interface das gaiolas inseridas. Nesse contexto, foi avaliado a influência da adição de três diferentes oligômeros poliédricos de silsesquioxano – POSS (Glicidilisobutil-POSS, Triglicidilisobutil-POSS e Glicidil-POSS), em duas diferentes concentrações 2,5% e 5% (m/m), em resina epoxídica, no comportamento morfológico, mecânico e eletroquímico quando aplicados em aço de baixa liga. Com adição de POSS à resina epóxi, observou-se um aumento na rugosidade e hidrofobicidade do revestimento, além de se obter uma maior resistência à termoxidação e um aumento nos valores de temperatura de transição vítrea do material em comparação com a amostra de resina epóxi. Dentre os sistemas estudados, a amostra contendo Glicidilisobutil-POSS (POSSmono) apresentou os melhores resultados em relação à resistência à corrosão, promovendo um aumento nos valores de ângulo de contato e na impedância eletroquímica. No quesito dispersão na matriz polimérica, o Glicidil-POSS (POSSocta) apresentou uma dispersão ineficiente com a formação de aglomerados, o que hipoteticamente influenciou no seu baixo desempenho no comportamento eletroquímico em relação aos demais sistemas. The epoxy resin is one of the matrices most used in manufacturing composites and coatings. It is highlighted in the group of thermosetting materials due to good processability, mechanic behavior and thermal stability. Properties as thermal resistance and flexibility have been systematically modified by the use of different materials, as clays and, more recently, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes – POSS, applied in epoxy matrices. The polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) in thermosetting nanocomposites have been studied in hybrid materials able to support higher temperatures, promoting increase of mechanic properties and improving surface properties such as, for example, the hydrophobicity of the polymer. The most common functional groups used to preparing nanocomposites with epoxy resin are amines, alcohols and epoxy groups. The nanocage functionality is important, once a thermosetting formed by a reticulated microstructure presents a three-dimensional microstructure that can interact in any direction, making bonds or interacting on the interface of the inserted cages. In this context, it was evaluated the influence of three different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes – POSS (Glycidylisobutyl-POSS, Triglycidylisobutyl-POSS and Glycidyl-POSS), at two different contents 2.5% and 5% (w/w), in epoxy resin, in the morphological, mechanic and electrochemical behavior when applied on low alloy steel. Adding POSS in the epoxy resin, it was observed an increase in roughness and hydrophobicity of the coating. Moreover, it was reached a higher thermal oxidation resistance and an increase in the values of glass transition temperature of the material, regarding the epoxy resin sample. Among the studied systems, the sample containing Glycidylisobutyl-POSS (POSSmono) showed the best results, regarding the corrosion resistance. The addition of POSSmono in the epoxy resin promoted an increase of contact angle and electrochemical impedance values. Regarding the dispersion in the polymeric matrix, the Glycidyl-POSS (POSSocta) presented an inefficient dispersion, with formation of agglomerates, which hypothetically influenced in its low performance in the electrochemical behavior, regarding the other systems.
- Published
- 2016
25. Obtenção e caracterização de tintas em pó base epóxi/poliéster com incorporação de argilominerais : montmorilonita (MMT) e mica muscovita
- Author
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Relosi, Natanael, Grisa, Ana Maria Coulon, Oliveira, Cláudia Trindade, Fiori, Márcio Antônio, and Birriel, Eliena Jonko
- Subjects
Clay minerals ,Epoxy resins ,Mica ,Ink ,Argilominerais ,Montmorilonita ,Resinas epoxi ,Tintas ,Montmorillonite - Abstract
Um dos sistemas de proteção de substratos metálicos mais comumente empregado na indústria é o de tintas. Os fatores favoráveis à utilização das tintas em pó incluem a não utilização de solventes, facilidades de processamento/aplicação e possibilidade de reaproveitamento do material que não aderiu na superfície da peça. As características térmicas, mecânicas e químicas da tinta são influenciadas principalmente pelo tipo de resina utilizada. As tintas em pó híbridas (epóxi/poliéster) visam conciliar a característica de resistência ao intemperismo e ação dos raios UV com as características de resistência química e mecânica. Nas tintas em pó podem ser adicionados nanocargas que tem por finalidade melhorar as propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e químicas dos revestimentos. Outra característica das nanocargas é o baixo custo financeiro, decorrente da utilização de uma menor quantidade de carga, com elevado nível de desempenho. Dentre as nanocargas utilizadas, pode-se citar a mica muscovita e a montmorilonita 30B (MMT 30B) que, quando incorporadas às tintas, mesmo em baixas concentrações, apresentam propriedades de barreira superiores que às cargas convencionais. Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar uma tinta em pó híbrida contendo diferentes teores de mica muscovita e MMT 30B. Os argilominerais foram incorporados numa formulação padrão de tinta em pó híbrida nas proporções de 2, 4 e 6% (m/m), separadamente. Antes da aplicação da tinta, os substratos metálicos foram submetidos a um pré-tratamento de fosfatização com fosfato de zinco. Após isso, a tinta em pó foi aplicada em painéis com dimensões de 70 x 120 x 0,65 mm de aço carbono AISI 1010 através de pulverização eletrostática. Os argilominerais, a tinta em pó e o revestimento foram analisados empregando diferentes técnicas de caracterização, tais como análise granulométrica, análise termogravimétrica (TGA), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (MEVFEG). O efeito da incorporação dos argilominerais nas propriedades físicas e de proteção à corrosão das tintas foi avaliado com ensaios de medida de brilho, aderência, flexibilidade, resistência ao impacto, impedância eletroquímica (EIE), exposição à névoa salina (NS) e ensaio de chama. Para todas as tintas contendo argilominerais foi constatado o aumento da dureza superficial e a redução de brilho com o aumento do teor do argilomineral, sendo este efeito mais pronunciado com a adição de 6% (m/m) de MMT 30B. A aderência da tinta ao substrato não foi alterada pela presença dos argilominerais. As tintas contendo mica muscovita apresentaram melhores resultados nos ensaios de resistência ao impacto e de flexibilidade quando comparados as tintas contendo MMT 30B, nas concentrações testadas. A amostra TH/6/MICA apresentou melhor resultado no ensaio de impedância eletroquímica em relação aos outros sistemas estudados. No ensaio de névoa salina todas as amostras apresentaram elevada proteção à corrosão. Não foram observados bolhas ou pontos de corrosão na superfície de nenhuma das amostras. Porém, no ensaio subsequente de migração subcutânea, a amostra TH/2/MMT 30B foi a que apresentou maior desplacamento. No ensaio de chama, as tintas com incorporação de mica muscovita apresentaram melhores resultados que as tintas com MMT 30B. Após a análise de todos os ensaios, conclui-se que a adição de mica muscovita na proporção de 4% resultou em uma tinta com melhores propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e químicas. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. One of metallic substrates protection systems most commonly used in the industry is the paint. Factors favorable to the use of powder coatings include non-use of solvents, processing facilities/application and the possibility of reuse of material that did not adhere to the surface of the pieces. The thermal, mechanical and chemical characteristics of the obtained paint are influenced principally by the type of resin used. Hybrid (epoxy/polyester) powder coatings aimed at reconciling the weathering resistance characteristic and action of UV rays with the chemical resistance and mechanical characteristics. In the powder coatings can be added nanofillers which aims to improve the thermal, mechanical and chemical coatings. Another feature of nanofillers is the low financial cost resulting from the use of a lesser amount of filler, with a high level of performance. Among the nanofiller used, it can be cited muscovite mica and montmorillonite 30B (MMT 30B) that, when incorporated into the coatings, even at low concentrations, have higher barrier properties than conventional fillers. This work aims to develop and characterize a hybrid powder coating containing different amounts of muscovite mica and MMT 30B. Clayminerals have been incorporated in a standard formulation hybrid powder coatings in proportions of 2, 4 and 6% (w/w). Before applying the coating, the metal substrates were subjected to a pretreatment phosphating with zinc phosphate. After this, the powder paint was applied to panels with dimensions 70 x 120 x 0.65 mm carbon steel AISI 1010 through electrostatic spraying. The clayminerals, the powder paint and coating were analyzed using various characterization techniques, such as particle size analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy in Fourier transform (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy for field emission (SEM-FEG). The effect of the incorporation of clayminerals in the physical properties and corrosion protection of coatings was evaluated with brightness measurement tests, adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), exposure to fog saline (NS) and flame test. For all coatings containing clayminerals was found to increase the surface hardness of the coating and reduced gloss with increasing clay content, this being more pronounced effect with the addition of 6% (w/w) of MMT 30B. The adhesion of the coating to the substrate was not altered by the presence of clayminerals. The coatings containing mica muscovite showed better results in impact resistance tests and flexibility when compared to coatings containing MMT 30B. The sample TH/6/MICA showed better results in the electrochemical impedance test in relation to other systems studied. In the salt spray test all samples showed high corrosion protection. There were no blistering or corrosion spots on the surface of any of the samples. However, in the subsequent test of subcutaneous migration, the sample TH/2/MMT 30B showed the greatest peeling. In the flame test, coatings with incorporation of muscovite mica showed better results than coatings with MMT 30B. After analyzing all the tests, it is concluded that the addition of muscovite mica in the proportion of 4% resulted in an paint with improved thermal, mechanical and chemical properties.
- Published
- 2016
26. Efeitos do Bisfenol A (BPA) na infertilidade masculina e feminina – revisão literária
- Author
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Elias, Raiane Fernandes and Bourroul, Selma Cecília
- Subjects
endocrine disruptor ,epoxy resins ,carcinogenic substance ,resinas epóxi ,substância carcinogênica ,desrregulador endócrino - Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and wastewater. Therefore, this compound readily comes into contact with humans. The objective of this work is to review the recent literature (2010 to 2014) on possible detrimental effects of BPA to human fertility and health in both sexes. The review indicated that BPA causes adverse infertility effects on men and women, besides posing environmental risks. We concluded that new public policy on its use and effects is needed. Â Â Â Â O bisfenol A (BPA) encontra-se em plásticos policarbonatos, resinas epóxi e águas residuais. Portanto, esse composto tem contato com o ser humano. Para verificar sua possível ação prejudicial à saúde, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a literatura sobre seus efeitos na fertilidade em ambos os sexos. Após uma revisão da literatura presente em sites de artigos científicos, selecionando artigos recentes do ano de 2010 até 2014, o presente estudo indicou que o BPA causa efeitos adversos de infertilidade no homem e na mulher, além de acarretar riscos ao meio ambiente. Permitindo-se concluir que existe a necessidade de novas políticas públicas sobre seu uso e novos estudos sobre seus efeitos.
- Published
- 2016
27. Nova resina para abrasivos diamantados: análise e caracterização
- Author
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Lopes, Orlandino Miguel da Silva, Silva, Carlos J. R., Nunes, J. P., Pereira, Emanuel José Espojeira, and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Resinas epóxidas ,Epoxy resins ,Grinding / polishing ,Silicone resins ,Resistência mecânica ,Resinas fenólicas ,Resistência térmica ,Abrasives ,K-Locs ,Phenolic resins ,Abrasivos ,Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais ,Thermic resistance ,Desbaste / polimento ,Resinas de silicone ,Mechanical resistance - Abstract
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Técnicas de Caracterização e Análise Química, No presente trabalho descreve-se o estudo de novos compósitos adequados para a preparação de abrasivos, realizado na empresa KGS. A resina obtida deveria apresentar elevada resistência térmica e mecânica, permitindo ao abrasivo melhorar o desbaste/ polimento da ferramenta e a sua durabilidade, comparativamente com os já existentes no mercado. Para a obtenção da resina, foi realizado o estudo detalhado da composição de abrasivos já comercializados, através de análises Termogravimétricas (TGA) e Espectroscópicas (FTIR e EDS). O desenvolvimento de novos compóstios envolveu 3 etapas. Na 1ª etapa realizou-se o teste das propriedades físicas e morfológicas de diversas resinas preparadas por mistura de resinas existentes na KGS e comercializadas por outras empresas. A preparação de diversas amostras de materiais abrasivos e a sua aplicação sobre suportes K-Loc, foi realizada na 2ª etapa. Na última etapa (3ª etapa), foi realizado o estudo da inclusão de diferentes aditivos, a alteração de padrão e de substrato, a quantidade de aditivos adicionados e optimização da sua concentração, as partículas abrasivas desejáveis e a sua quantidade ótima, no intuito de otimizar tanto a resistência mecânica e térmica, como o desbaste/ polimento. A estabilidade térmica dos materiais obtidos foi avaliada por TGA. O presente trabalho permitiu obter abrasivos com performances superiores aos demais já existentes comercialmente., In the present work it´s described the study of new appropriate composites for the preparation of abrasive tools, made in KGS company. The obtained resin should provide: high thermal and mechanical resistance, allowing to improve abrasive grinding / polishing tool, increasing the amount of grinded mass and durability of the tool compared to existing market. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Spectroscopic (FTIR and EDS) analysis have been made in detailed tools already on the market to obtain the resin. The development of new composites involved 3 stages. In the 1st stage was carried out the testing of physical and morphological properties of various resins prepared by mixing diferent resins existing in KGS and marketed by other companies. The preparation of several samples of abrasive materials and their application to K-Loc supports, was carried out in the 2nd stage. The study inclusion of various additives, the pattern change and substrate, the amount of added additives and the optimization of its concentration, the desirable abrasive particles and optimum quantity in order to optimize the mechanical and thermal resistance, as grinding/ polishing, was performed in the last stage (3rd stage). The thermal stability of the obtained materials was evaluated by TGA. This work yielded abrasive with performances superior to others already existing commercially.
- Published
- 2016
28. Sensor a fibra ótica encapsulado em resina polimérica com reforço de fibra de vidro para aplicação em gerador de alta potência
- Author
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Galvão, José Rodolfo, Martelli, Cicero, and Silva, Jean Carlos Cardozo da
- Subjects
Hydroelectric generators ,Electric engineering ,Fibras ópticas - Detecção ,Epoxy resins ,Glass fibers ,Fibras de vidro ,Calorimetria ,Geradores hidrelétricos ,Calorimetry ,Resinas epoxi ,Engenharia elétrica ,Optical fibers - Detection - Abstract
ANEEL; FINEP; CAPES; CNPQ; Fundação Araucária Neste trabalho é apresentada uma aplicação de sensores à fibra ótica baseados em redes de Bragg encapsulados em compósito de resina polimérica com reforço de fibra de vidro. Foram avaliadas três resinas epóxi comerciais. O objetivo do trabalho é caracterizar os compósitos e investigar a viabilidade de embeber sensores a fibra ótica, baseados em redes de Bragg em fibras óticas em compósito epóxi. Na caracterização das amostras, foram realizados: Ensaios para avaliar a tensão residual após a cura das amostras. Nos ensaios, foram utilizados sensores FBGs incrustados no compósito. Ensaios para avaliar a temperatura de transição vítrea através da técnica Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC). Ensaios de tração axial e flexão simples utilizando máquina de teste universal e ensaios para avaliar o comportamento do compósito quando sujeito a uma carga fixa e temperatura variando de 20 °C até a temperatura limite da transição vítrea do compósito. Os resultados mostram um elevado grau de integração das FBGs no compósito epóxi. Um dos resultados é promissor para aplicações em um gerador de alta potência e em ambientes hostis com temperatura de trabalho até 127 °C. This work presents an application of optical fiber sensors based on Bragg gratings encapsulated in polymeric composite resin with glass fiber reinforcement. Three commercial epoxy resins were evaluated. The main objective of the study is to characterize the composites and investigate the feasibility of embedding the optical fiber sensors based on Bragg gratings in epoxy composite. In the characterization of the samples tensile tests were performed to evaluate the residual stress after the curing process. The residual stress was investigated by mains of a FBG sensor embedded in the composite. Additionally, tests were conducted to evaluate the glass transition temperature by DSC technique. The values of the axial tensile and simple flexural stress were investigated using a universal testing machine. In addition, tests were performed for evaluating the composite behavior when subjected to a fixed load and variable temperature ranging from 20 °C to the temperature limit of the glass transition of the composite. The results show a high level of integration of the FBGs with the epoxy composite. One of the results is promising for applications in a high power generator and in hostile environments working at temperatures up to 127 °C. 5000
- Published
- 2015
29. Síntese e caracterização de biolubrificantes obtidos através de modificações químicas no óleo de soja refinado
- Author
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Oliveira, Ana Flávia de, Oliveira, Paulo Roberto de, Guerrero Júnior, Palimécio Gimenes, Yamamoto, Carlos Itsuo, and Costa Neto, Pedro Ramos da
- Subjects
Epoxy resins ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA [CNPQ] ,Green technology ,Tecnologia ambiental ,Composite materials ,Vegetable oils as fuel ,Lubricating oils ,Óleos lubrificantes ,Materiais compostos ,Óleos vegetais como combustível ,Resinas epoxi - Abstract
Estimativas de esgotamentos das reservas petrolíferas vêm motivando pesquisas no intuito de buscar alternativas para combustíveis e derivados, como os lubrificantes baseados em óleos diferentes dos óleos minerais, visando assim reduzir a contaminação provocada pelo uso dos lubrificantes convencionais. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em realizar modificações químicas no óleo de soja refinado, através da reação de transesterificação seguida da epoxidação, alcóxi-hidroxilação, di-hidroxilação e acetilação a fim de melhorar as características lubrificantes desse óleo. A transesterificação foi realizada utilizando metanol, em uma razão molar óleo/metanol de 1:6 e 0,7% de catalisador. Os epóxidos foram produzidos utilizando ácido peracético comercial 15%, atingindo índice de oxigênio oxirano de 13,2%. A alcoxi-hidroxilação foi catalisada por Fe2(SO4)3 e ácido p-toluenosulfonico (APTS), utilizando diferentes alcoóis (metanol, etanol e 1-propanol) e água, onde se constatou que o Fe2(SO4)3 foi o catalisador mais eficiente. As melhores condições foram de 3% de catalisador para a relação óleo/álcool 1:3 e 5% de catalisador para a relação óleo/água, fazendo com que os índices de oxigênio oxirano fossem reduzidos a 0. A acetilação foi realizada usando anidrido acético em uma razão molar óleo/reagente de 1:2,5. A reação de alcoxi-hidroxilação provocou um aumento significativo da viscosidade cinemática de 34,18 mm².s-1; 54,82 mm².s-1; 46,34mm².s-1e 100,02 mm².s-1 para o EMOSRMH, EMOSREH, EMOSRPH e para o EMOSRDH respectivamente. Estes resultados mostram que a viscosidade para os lubrificantes alcoxi-hidroxilados e do diidroxilado é superior ao do óleo de soja refinado. Com a reação de acetilação dos alcoxi-hidroxidos e do di-hidroxilado, os valores de viscosidade cinemática são 46,22 mm².s-1; 42,22 mm².s-1; 28,44 mm².s- e 49,30 mm².s-1 para o EMOSRMA, EMOSREA, EMOSRPA e MOSRMDA, respectivamente. O aumento no índice de viscosidade para os alcoxi-hidroxilados ocorre na seguinte ordem DH, EMH, EEH e EPH. Para os acetilados a ordem é EMA, EEA, EPA e DHA. Estes resultados indicam que o tamanho da ramificação na cadeia éster altera o índice de viscosidade. Todos os produtos foram caracterizados por análises Físico-Químicas e por meio dos espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C. Pode-se concluir que a metodologia apresentada neste trabalho possibilita a obtenção de potenciais lubrificantes biodegradáveis. Estimates of the lack of petroleum in the near future have motivated research to investigated fuels and refined products to petroleum alternative. Synthesizing various vegetable oils lubricants, to reduce the contamination caused by the use of conventional lubricants. The objective of this work is to carry out chemical modification of soybean oil by transesterification reaction followed by epoxidation, alkoxy- hydroxylation, di-hydroxylation and acetylation to improve the characteristics of these oil lubricants. Transesterification were performed using methanol at a molar ratio oil/methanol 1:6 and 0.7% catalyst. The epoxides were produced using commercial 15% peracetic acid, reaching oxirane oxygen content of 13.2%. The alkoxy-hydroxylation were catalyzed by Fe2(SO4)3 and p-toluenesulfonic acid (APTS) using different alcohols (methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol) and water. Fe2(SO4)3 was the catalyst more efficient. The best conditions to alkoxy-hydroxylation reactions were with 3% ratio of catalyst to oil/ethanol 1:3, and 5% of catalyst relative to oil/water, In these conditions, the oxirane oxygen levels were reduced to zero. Acetylation was carried out using acetic anhydride in a molar ratio oil/reagent 1:2.5. The reaction of alkoxy-hydroxylation caused a significant increase in the kinematic viscosity of 34.18 mm².s-1 ; 54.82 mm².s-1 ; 46.34 mm².s-1 and 100.02 mm².s-¹ for o EMOSRMH, EMOSREH, EMOSRPH and the EMOSRDH respectively. These results show that the viscosities of alkoxy-hydroxy and di-hydroxylated lubricants are superior to refined soybean oil. With the acetylation of alkoxy-hydroxides and di-hydroxylated lubricants, kinematic viscosity values were 46.22 mm².s-1; 42.22 mm².s-1; 28.44 mm².s-¹ and 49.30 mm².s-1 for EMOSRMA, EMOSREA, EMOSRPA and MOSRMDA, respectively. The increase in viscosity for the alkoxy-hydroxylated lubricants occurs in the following order: DH, EMH, EEH and EPH. For acetylated order is EMA, EEA, EPA and DHA. These results indicate that the size of the ester chain branching alters the viscosity. All products were characterized by Physicochemical analyzes and by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. It can be concluded that the method presented here enables obtaining potential biodegradable lubricants.
- Published
- 2013
30. Caracterização de filmes finos de nanopartículas de prata depositados por sputtering sobre resina epóxi
- Author
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Andrade, José Elisandro de and Macêdo, Marcelo Andrade
- Subjects
Espectrometria por raios X ,Spectrometry, X-ray emission ,Epoxy resins ,Semiconductors ,Semicondutores ,Resinas epoxi ,Nanopartículas - Prata ,CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA [CNPQ] - Abstract
In this work silver atoms were deposited by ion sputtering on the surface of two types of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. The films of DGEBA and its precursors were characterized by Raman and infrared spectroscopy to identify the main functional groups and their relationship with the deposited silver atoms. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential themogravimetric (DTG) analysis, and Raman spectroscopy was performed to study the thermal effects in the resin. Silver thin films of 5, 10, 15 and 20 nm were deposited on the epoxy resin at room temperature. Both the initial film of DGEBA and the subsequent silver thin film were analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in non-contact mode. Silver thin films were also analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature. The AFM results showed the formation of silver crystallites on the surface of DGEBA at very low coverage whereas XRD indicated that most of them had their main axis aligned to the normal of the surface. Increase in the coverage led to an increase in the grain size as indicated by AFM. XRD results however indicated that the crystallite size remained almost constant while the appearance of peaks corresponding to other crystalline orientati ons suggests the coalescence of the original crystallites and an increase in size of the more dense planes, namely [111]. Neste trabalho átomos de prata foram depositados por ion sputtering na superfície de dois tipos de resina epóxi diglicidil éter de bisfenol A (DGEBA). Os filmes de DGEBA e seus precursores foram caracterizados por espectroscopia Raman e infravermelha para identificas os principais grupos funcionais e suas relações com os átomos de prata depositados. Análises termogravimétrica (TG), termogravimétrica diferencial (DTG), e espectroscopia Raman foram realizadas para estudar os efeitos térmicos na resina. Filmes finos de prata de 5, 10, 15 e 20 nm foram depositados na resina epóxi a temperatura ambiente. Ambos filmes iniciais de DGEBA e o subsequente filme fino de prata foram analisados por Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM) no modo de não contato. Os filmes finos de prata também foram analisados por difratometria de raios X (DRX) a temperatura ambiente. Os resultados de AFM mostram a formação de cristalitos de prata sobre a superfície da DGEBA para pequenas espessuras de recobrimento, enquanto DRX indica que a maioria dos cristalitos tem seu eixo principal alinhado normal à superfície. Um aumento na espessura de recobrimento leva a um aumento no tamanho do grão como indicado por AFM. Resultados de DRX porém, mostram que o tamanho de cristalito permaneceu quase constante, enquanto o aparecimento de picos correspondentes a outras orientações cristalinas sugere a coalescência dos cristalitos originais e um aumento no tamanho dos planos mais densos, principalmente [111].
- Published
- 2012
31. Avaliação das técnicas de dispersão mecânica e ultrassônica de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas em resina epóxi
- Author
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Susin, Samuel Brando and Zattera, Ademir José
- Subjects
Polímeros ,Nanotubes ,Epoxy resins ,Nanotecnologia ,Polymers ,Nanotubos ,Materiais ,Nanotechnology ,Engenharia de materiais e metalúrgica ,Materials ,Resina epóxi - Abstract
Com o intuito de identificar dentre os métodos de dispersão mecânica e por sonificação, qual apresentaria melhor desempenho na promoção do desemaranhamento e dispersão de nanotubos de carbono em resina epóxi, nesse trabalho foram elaborados compósitos nanotubos/epóxi. Os nanocompósitos obtidos foram submetidos a avaliações de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão, além de investigações na cinética de cura a partir de dados de calorimetria diferencial exploratória. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o nível de dispersão das amostras do processo de dispersão mecânica foi melhor quando comparado com as amostras sonificadas. Isso devido principalmente a interferência dos nanotubos dispersos na formação de ligações cruzadas. O que levou ao aumento dos valores de energia de ativação da reação de cura nas amostras de dispersão mecânica em relação a resina pura, enquanto nas amostras sonificadas houve uma queda nesses valores, indicando um estado mais aglomerado dos nanotubos. In this study nanotubes/epoxy composites were produced in order to evaluate which of the two studied techniques would result in a better degree of dispersion and unentanglement of carbon nanotubes in epoxy resin. The analized techniques were mechanical dispersion with a DRAIS mixer and sonication. The nanocomposites obtained were evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Also the activation energys of the systems were calculated from differential scanning calorimetry data. The results obtained indicates that the degree of dispersion for the mechanical processing method seems better than that of sonication. It could be due to the interference of nanotubes on the crosslink network formation, which resulted on the increase of cure reaction activation energy for the mechanically dispersed samples. However, the sonicated samples activation energy decreased indicating a less dispersed and more agglomerated state.
- Published
- 2010
32. Síntese e caracterização de pastas de cimento aditivadas com resinas epóxi análises cinéticas, termodinâmicas e calorimétricas
- Author
-
Tavares, Andrea Macleybiane Gois and Cestari, Antônio Reinaldo
- Subjects
Cement slurries ,Pastas de cimento ,Microcalorimetry ,Epoxy resins ,Microcalorimetria ,Acid attack ,Ataque ácido ,Resina epóxi ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA [CNPQ] - Abstract
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Cement has been used in the world, presenting a wide versatility. However, due to its chemical nature, it is subject to several types of chemical damages, especially for agents of acidic nature. With the purpose of increase its life-time, new cement slurries have been modified with the addition of specific additives. The objective of this work is to modify cement slurries with epoxy resins, which promote higher resistance of those materials in relation to acid attacks. Three cement slurries were synthesized with epoxy resins (GY, PY-1 and PY-2) and a standard slurries, which was composed by cement and water (w/c = 0,5). The syntheses were performed according to the API recommendations. After 30 days of hydration, the samples were characterized by XDR, FTIR and thermal analysis (TG and DSC). The slurries characterization has suggested the presence of low amounts of portlandita (Ca(OH)2) in the slurry with the higher content of polymerized epoxy resin. The hydration processes of the cement slurries were studied by heat-conduction microcalorimetry. The energetic and enthalpic hydration data were all exothermic in nature. It was verified that the addition of the polymers delayed the processes of hydration of the slurries, decreasing the flow of heat released as a function of the amount of added resin. The cumulative heat release curves have shown the presence of multilinearity of the kinetic processes. The hydration microcalorimetric data were well fitted to the multistep Avrami kinetic model. A kinetic study of HCl interaction with the new slurries were performed by the batch methodology at 25, 35, 45 e 55°C. The Avrami kinetic model also appears to be the most efficient in describing the kinetic isotherms. It was observed that the kinetic constants of interaction of the acid with the slurries increased with the increase of temperature and decreased as a function of the amount of resin added in the slurries. The speed of reaction of the cement slurries with HCl was determined from the kinetic parameters obtained by the Avrami model. Speed reaction in the order of 10-3 mol.g.h-1 were found for the standard slurry and of the order of 10-5 mol.g.h-1 for the slurries with the epoxy resins. In general, the analysis of the kinetic parameters indicated that increasing the resin amount in the composition of the slurries reduced the reaction speed and increased the resistance of those slurries to the acid attack. O cimento é um dos materiais mais utilizados no mundo, apresentando uma larga versatilidade. No entanto, devido à sua natureza química, está sujeito a vários tipos de desgastes, especialmente por agentes de natureza ácida. Com a finalidade de prolongar o tempo de vida útil desse material, buscam-se novas formulações de pastas de cimento através da adição de aditivos específicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é a modificação de pastas de cimento com resinas epóxi, as quais promovem maior resistência desses materiais frente aos ataques ácidos. Foram sintetizadas três pastas de cimento com resinas epóxi (GY, PY-1 e PY-2) e uma pasta padrão, composta de cimento e água. Para preparação utilizaram-se dois tipos de resinas epóxi, uma do tipo bisfenol-A e seu endurecedor de isoforonodiamina (GY) e outra, uma combinação do bisfenol-F e do bisfenol-A com endurecedor de poliamidoamina (PY-1 e PY-2). Após 30 dias de hidratação, as amostras foram caracterizadas por DRX, FTIR e por análise térmica (TG e DSC). A caracterização das pastas sugeriu a presença de baixas quantidades de portlandita (Ca(OH)2) nas composições com maior porcentagem de resina epóxi. Os processos de hidratação das pastas de cimento foram estudados por calorimetria isotérmica. Os dados energéticos de entalpia de hidratação foram todos de natureza exotérmica. Foi verificado que a adição do polímero retardou o processo de hidratação das pastas, reduzindo o fluxo de calor liberado em função da porcentagem de resina adicionada. As curvas de liberação do fluxo de calor mostraram a presença de vários processos cinéticos distintos. Os dados de hidratação foram bem ajustados ao modelo cinético de Avrami. O estudo cinético de interação de HCl com as pastas de cimento foi realizado pelo método de batelada nas temperaturas de 25, 35, 45 e 55°C. O modelo cinético de Avrami também foi o que mais se mostrou eficiente em descrever as isotérmicas cinéticas. Foram observados que as constantes cinéticas de interação do ácido com as pastas aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura, e diminuíram em função do aumento da quantidade de polímero adicionado nas pastas. A velocidade de reação das pastas de cimento com o HCl foi estimada a partir dos parâmetros cinéticos obtidos pelo modelo de Avrami. Foram verificados valores de velocidade de reação da ordem de 10-3 mol.g.h-1 para a pasta padrão e da ordem de 10-5 mol.g.h-1 para as pastas aditivadas. Em geral, a análise dos parâmetros cinéticos indicou que o aumento da porcentagem de resina na composição das pastas reduziu a velocidade de reação e, aumentou a resistência dessas pastas ao ataque ácido.
- Published
- 2010
33. Ultrasonic method for assessing the viscosity and compressibility values during the curing process of resins
- Author
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Maia, Newton Alves, Pereira, Fernando Reiszel, Cella, Norberto, D´almeida, José Roberto Moraes, and Santos, Maria Aparecida Pinheiro dos
- Subjects
Epoxy resins ,Viscosity ,Compressibility ,Characterization of materials ,Resinas epóxi ,Cinética de cura ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS [CNPQ] ,Viscosidade ,Ultra-som ,Ultrasound ,Compressibilidade ,Caracterização de materiais ,Ultrasonografia ,Kinetic of cure ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-05T18:31:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Newton Alves Maia BDTD.pdf: 6429371 bytes, checksum: b6e97d0f6f046f2b2534dd84efcc7f76 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-05T18:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Newton Alves Maia BDTD.pdf: 6429371 bytes, checksum: b6e97d0f6f046f2b2534dd84efcc7f76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-18 During the curing process, i.e. crosslinking process, resins suffer significant and irreversible changes on theirs chemical and physical properties, as the alterations in the compressibility coefficient (the inverse of bulk modulus) and in the viscosity. The changes in these properties along a direction inside of a resin, under a curing process, can be estimated with techniques based on pulse-echo ultrasonic waves. With these techniques is possible to obtain the ultrasonic wave speed and the attenuation imposed on the wave by a resin under curing. Before the cure, resins have speeds of wave propagation between 1600 and 1800 m/s, low attenuation and low viscosity. As the curing process evolves, there is a remarkable increase of viscosity, which causes great attenuations. After that, and until the end of the curing process, the viscosity and the attenuation decrease. After the cure and solidification, the wave speed may reach values up to 2500 m/s. Since the density almost does not vary during the cure, the changes in wave speed can be attributed to changes in the resin s bulk modulus. The pulse-echo method, described in this dissertation, allows the monitoring, in a no invasive way, of the variation of the bulk modulus and the changes in viscosity along a direction of propagation of an ultrasonic wave, during the curing process of an epoxy resin. Durante a cura, ou seja, durante o processo de reticulação, resinas sofrem alterações irreversíveis em suas propriedades químicas e físicas, como, por exemplo, alterações significativas em seu coeficiente de compressibilidade (inverso do módulo de compressão volumétrico) e em sua viscosidade. A variação destas propriedades, ao longo de uma dimensão (direção) no interior de uma resina em processo de cura, pode ser obtida a partir de técnicas ultrassônicas baseadas no princípio pulso-eco, que permite a estimativa da velocidade de propagação e das atenuações das ondas. Antes da cura, as resinas apresentam velocidades de propagação entre 1600 e 1800 m/s, com viscosidade e atenuação pequenas. Durante o processo de cura ocorre um aumento notável da viscosidade, que causa grandes atenuações na onda ultrassônica. Chegando ao final do processo de cura, tanto a atenuação quanto a viscosidade voltam a diminuir. Após a reticulação, a velocidade de propagação pode ser superior a 2500 m/s. Visto que a densidade varia pouco durante a cura, a alteração de velocidade, observada durante a cura, pode ser atribuída às mudanças no módulo de compressão volumétrico da resina. O método pulso-eco descrito nesta dissertação permite monitorar, de forma não invasiva, a variação da viscosidade e a variação do coeficiente de compressibilidade durante o tempo de cura de uma resina epóxi, ao longo da direção de propagação de uma onda ultrassônica.
- Published
- 2010
34. Material compósito epóxi-amina para restauração dentária
- Author
-
Garcia, F.G., Matusalém, F., Leyva, M.E., Queiroz, A.A.A., and Oliveira, M.G.
- Subjects
fixed prostheses ,epoxy resins ,próteses fixas ,composite ,resina epoxídica ,compósitos - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver materiais compósitos à base de resina epoxídica para restauração dentária, para uso em próteses fixas. Diferentes compósitos foram formulados utilizando a resina líquida do tipo éter diglicidílico do bisfenol-A (DGEBA), com três diferentes agentes de cura tais como trietilenotetramina (TETA), isoforonodiamina (IPD) e 1-(2-aminoetil)piperazina (AEP), como sistemas independentes, contendo diferentes concentrações de micro-partículas de quartzo. As formulações foram otimizadas usando métodos de titulação de grupos funcionais, bem como a incorporação de diferentes quantidades de quartzo. As formulações foram avaliadas por ensaios mecânicos de compressão uniaxial e por ensaios biológicos in vitro usando células de ovário de hamster chinês. O sistema com AEP manifestou a maior deformação nos ensaios de compressão. O modulo de elasticidade e a tensão limite de escoamento aumenta com a quantidade de quartzo. Entretanto, a resistência à ruptura diminui significativamente com o aumento da concentração de material inorgânico. Os compósitos com TETA e AEP apresentam os melhores comportamentos mecânicos. As interações biológicas dos polímeros epoxídicos revelaram que não existem sinais de citotoxicidade. Os materiais compósitos desenvolvidos podem ser utilizados como biomateriais com boas propriedades mecânicas e biológicas, especificamente na fabricação de próteses ortodônticas, sendo ainda de fácil fabricação e baixo custo quando comparados com os materiais já utilizados para estes fins. The aim of this study was to develop composites materials based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) for applications as dental restorative material for use in fixed prostheses. The composites were formulated by using diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy prepolymer, triethylenetetramine (TETA) isophorone diamine (IPD) and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP) as hardeners with micro-particles of quartz. The formulations were obtained through the optimization of the systems by methods of chemical titration of the functionality groups, and the incorporation of different amounts of the inorganic material. The formulations were examined by mechanical tests (compression) and in vitro biological tests using chinese hamster ovary cells. The system with AEP shows a bigger deformation after the yield stress. The increase of inorganic material on the composites increases the yield strain and the yield stress. However, it provokes a significant decrease on the rupture resistance value. The composites with TETA and AEP present the best mechanical behaviors. The epoxy polymers revealed no signs of cytotoxicity in the biological tests. The work resulted in new biomaterials with good mechanical and biological properties suitable for the manufacture of prostheses orthodontics and it is easy to manufacture and possesses low cost compared with materials already used.
- Published
- 2009
35. Avaliação histopatológica do reparo apical e periapical em dentes de cães com vitalidade pulpar, após tratamento de canais radiculares utilizando dois cimentos obturadores à base de resina epóxica. Análise do pH e concentração de cálcio total
- Author
-
Rasquin, Luis Cardoso [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Leonardo, Mario Roberto [UNESP], and Silva, Léa Assed B. da [UNESP]
- Subjects
Root canal obturation materials ,Epoxy resins ,Calcium hydroxide ,Canal radicular - Tratamento ,Cimentos dentarios ,Hidroxido de calcio ,Biocompatible materials - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rasquin_lc_dr_arafo.pdf: 3893563 bytes, checksum: 878343df876b4142fa2d487eea60d577 (MD5) O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar comparativamente, dois cimentos obturadores de canal radicular à base de resina epóxica, AH Plus e Sealer Plus, através de duas diferentes metodologias. 1. Teste in vivo - Avaliação histopatológica em dentes de cães. Foram utilizados 36 canais radiculares de dentes pré-molares superiores e inferiores de 2 cães, com vitalidade pulpar, os quais, após o preparo biomecânico coadjuvado pela irrigação/aspiração e inundação com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (Líquido de Dakin), foram obturados pela técnica clássica complementada pela condensação lateral ativa, empregando os cimentos Sealer Plus (Grupo I) e AH Plus (Grupo II). Decorridos 90 dias após a obturação, os animais foram sacrificados por sobredose anestésica, as maxilas e mandíbulas removidas e fixadas em formol a 10%, durante 48 horas. Após processamento histológico de rotina, os cortes foram corados pela hematoxilina e eosina, pelo tricrômico de Mallory e Brown e Brenn. A análise histopatológica evidenciou que o cimento AH Plus, quanto à compatibilidade biológica, mostrou-se superior ao Sealer Plus, sendo o cimento que melhor permitiu a deposição de tecido mineralizado à nível apical, oferecendo um selamento quase completo na maioria dos casos, com infiltrado inflamatório ausente e quando presente era suave no tecido intersticial e/ou junto ao material obturador, assim como na região periapical. Já, com o cimento Sealer Plus, ocorreu predominantemente, selamento parcial, porém sempre acompanhado de infiltrado inflamatório de grau suave, no tecido intersticial, porém, mais concentrado, junto ao cimento obturador. Quando o material obturador era observado na região periapical, o infiltrado inflamatório apresentava-se, classificado como de grau moderado, concentrado próximo ao... . The scope of the present study was to evaluate comparativily, two root canal resin - based sealers - AH Plus and Sealer Plus through two different methodologies. 1. In vivo study - Histopathological evaluation in teeth of dogs. 36 root canals of lower and upper bicuspide teeth of 2 dogs with vital pulp, which after biomechanic preparation utilizing sodium hypochloride solution at 1% (Milton solution) were filling by classical technique complemented by active lateral condensation, using Sealer Plus (Group I) and AH Plus (Group II). 90 days after treatment, the animals were sacrificed by overdose anesthetical. After histopathological processing of routine, the sections were stained with hematoxiline and eosine, Mallory Trichromic and Brown and Brenn. The histopathological analysis had evidenced that the AH Plus sealer shows more biological compatibility in relation to the Sealer Plus being the sealer that shows more good deposition of mineralized tissue to the apical level, offering an almost full apical sealing in the majority of the cases, with infiltrated inflammatory absent and when present was mild in the interstitial tissue and/or together to the material sealer, as well as in the periapical region. With the Sealer Plus, partial apical sealing occurred, however always followed by infiltrated inflammatory of mild degree in the intersticial tissue, however, more concentrated, together to the filling material when in the periapical region, the inflammatory infiltrated was presented, classified as of moderate degree. 2. In vitro study - With the objective to analyze pH and clearing of total calcium by periods that had varied from 0 to the 5 days, the filling materials. AH Plus and Sealer Plus had been manipulated according to the manufacturers instructions. Samples of each sealer were... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
- Published
- 2001
36. Envelhecimento físico de sistemas DGEBA/DDM investigado por análise térmica (DSC/DMA)
- Author
-
Dimitrios Samios, Izabel Cristina Riegel, and Liane Lucy de Lucca Freitas
- Subjects
Diglycidyl ether ,Materials science ,Resinas epóxi ,physical aging ,Calorimetry ,DMA ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,DMTA ,envelhecimento físico ,DSC ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Composite material ,Thermal analysis ,Elastic modulus ,Curing (chemistry) ,Epoxy resins ,Organic Chemistry ,Bisfenol-a ,Epoxy ,Dynamic mechanical analysis ,Calorimetria exploratória diferencial - DSC ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Glass transition ,Resina epóxi - Abstract
Neste trabalho, estudou-se o efeito do envelhecimento físico nas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas em sistemas diglicidil éter do bisfenol-A (DGEBA)/diaminodifenilmetano (DDM), em função do grau de conversão, induzido pela cura e do tempo de envelhecimento. A cura isotérmica foi realizada em uma etapa a 115°C por diversos tempos e o envelhecimento foi conduzido a 100°C por períodos de 240 a 4320 min. Considerando que o envelhecimento físico acarreta variações estruturais as quais afetam tanto o desempenho mecânico quanto as propriedades termodinâmicas do material, as técnicas de DSC e DMA são complementares. Através de Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), observou-se que o envelhecimento físico está associado ao pico endotérmico que ocorre na região da transição vítrea e que a entalpia de relaxação, calculada a partir da área deste pico, aumenta gradualmente com o tempo de envelhecimento. Os resultados obtidos por Análise Dinâmico-Mecânica (DMA) mostraram um aumento do módulo elástico E' com o tempo de envelhecimento. As velocidades de envelhecimento foram obtidas a partir da temperatura do pico endotérmico, a partir do módulo elástico E' e a partir da temperatura de transição vítrea e resultaram tanto menores quanto maior o grau de conversão da matriz. Os resultados salientam a importância da seleção adequada das condições de cura para que se possam obter as melhores propriedades destes materiais. A importância dos fenômenos observados é considerada, tendo-se em vista a grande utilização e aplicabilidade das resinas epóxi. Physical aging effect on thermal and mechanical properties of a series of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) systems has been investigated as a function of conversion, induced by cure, and aging time. The isothermal curing was carried out in one step at 115°C for various times. Samples were aged at 100°C for periods of time from 240 to 4320 min. Since physical aging causes structural changes which affect the mechanical performance as well as the thermodynamic properties of the material, DSC and DMTA techniques are complementary in monitoring physical aging processes. Through Differencial Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) it was found that the extent of physical aging can be associated with the area of the endothermic peak which appears within the glass transition region. The enthalpy relaxation (area of the peak) increases gradually with aging time. The Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) results showed that the elastic modulus (E') increases with aging time. Aging rates were obtained through the endothermic peak temperature, through the storage modulus E'and through the glass transition temperature and displayed a decrease with increasing conversion degree. The DMTA technique is very sensitive to structural changes in the investigated epoxy systems due to curing and physical aging . The DMTA results obtained from mixtures cured according to different thermal histories underline the importance of adequate selection of curing conditions in order to obtain the optimum properties from these materials. The importance of the observed phenomena is considered in view of the widespread use of epoxy resins.
- Published
- 1999
37. [Histopathologic effects of AH-26 and calcium hydroxide and mixtures of both in subcutaneous tissue of rats].
- Author
-
Oliveria AS, Barbert A, Bramante CM, Alle N, and Lopes ES
- Subjects
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Drug Combinations pharmacology, Prostheses and Implants, Rats, Skin drug effects, Bismuth pharmacology, Calcium Hydroxide pharmacology, Epoxy Resins, Methenamine pharmacology, Root Canal Filling Materials, Silver pharmacology, Titanium pharmacology
- Published
- 1980
38. [Epoxy heart valve - a long-term evolution].
- Author
-
Tavares IP, Franceschini IA, Firmino LF, Barbosa PH, Pinke RF, Ribeiro R, Portella R, Costa RM, Veiga IP, and Silva CL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Epoxy Resins, Heart Valve Prosthesis standards
- Published
- 1980
39. [Comparative histopathologic analysis of components of AH26 cement].
- Author
-
Lia RC, Silva FA, Benatti Neto C, and de Oliveira MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Connective Tissue drug effects, Drug Combinations adverse effects, Foreign-Body Reaction, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Bismuth adverse effects, Epoxy Resins, Materials Testing, Methenamine adverse effects, Root Canal Filling Materials adverse effects, Silver adverse effects, Titanium adverse effects
- Published
- 1988
40. [An epoxy aortic valve: 9 years' clinical experience].
- Author
-
Franceschini IA, Pinke RF, Tavares IP, Veiga IP, Carranza R, and Silva CL
- Subjects
- Actuarial Analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aortic Valve, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Design, Epoxy Resins, Heart Valve Prosthesis mortality
- Published
- 1983
41. [Preliminary report. Tissues inclusion in comercial epoxi glue].
- Author
-
Vieira e Silva CR and Chamma LG
- Subjects
- Epithelial Cells, Gastric Mucosa cytology, Humans, Juxtaglomerular Apparatus cytology, Methods, Epoxy Resins, Microtomy
- Published
- 1973
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