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Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestão e Regionalidade is the property of Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global data on world trade in flowers and ornamental plants show the growth of production and consumption of this segment in recent decades, including in Brazil. This research shows how the trade in flowers and ornamental plants is organized in the form of geographic networks, since both production and consumption articulate different spaces. In the constitution of the network of flowers and ornamental plants, it is essential to identify its agents or spatial elements and the interactions established between them. The interactions between these agents occur at different scales (local, regional, national or global). Both the connection and the scale - marks of the spatial dimension - are largely influenced by the temporal dimension, which in turn is influenced by the intensity of flows, duration and frequency. These considerations are important for the identification of the different networks of flowers and ornamental plants addressed during the research: the global, led by the relations established by the Netherlands; the national, based on the activities of the cooperatives of São Paulo, and the regional, through the network of flowers and ornamental plants found in the territory of Rio de Janeiro state. In the territory of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the formation of the network of flowers and ornamental plants is analyzed from the spatial interactions established through the rural area of Nova Friburgo, the municipality with the largest number of producers in the state and which stands out in the cultivation of cut flowers. The time cut begins in 2002, and extends until the year 2018, when the last field surveys were carried out. The methodological path has as its reference the qualitative approach such in the selection of the theoretical references as in the analyses of the field collected data though observation, images, segment diagnostics and interviews with network space agents. It is hoped that this research will serve as a further reflection tool for the decision-making of actions that may contribute to the development of such a relevant segment to the state of Rio de Janeiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ambiência is the property of Revista Ambiencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants generates employment and has low environmental impact. These characteristics are due to low mechanization and reduced used of fertilizing agents. Since it is characterized as peri-urban agricultural activity due to its dependence on consumption centers, it may be a strategy for the promotion of local development. Current paper analyzes the production of flowers and ornamental plants in the municipality of Benevides PA Brazil, to identify its contribution towards local development. A descriptive survey or census was undertaken with 25 producers in the municipality. The economic, social and environmental dimensions were researched. Results showed an essentially subsistence activity, with low articulation between producers and limitation in technology and productivity. They are aspects that restrict their capacity in the development of the municipality analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in the field, the horticultural characteristics of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) in vitro plants considering time of flowering and harvesting, the productivity, as well as their morphological characteristics: color and shape of leaves, stems and fruits. The plantlets, originated from the apex of in vitro plants, were propagated in culture medium with MS salts and vitamins, add 30g L-1 sucrose and 1.0mg L-1 BAP for six weeks. Were selected at random, four plants propagated in vitro, four plants by seminal and twenty-two plants, also by composing the border, totaling thirty plants. Analyses were completed weekly until fourteen months after planting, which occurred before the first pruning. The results indicate the non-occurrence of genetic variability in vitro grown plants, as well as early in the production and increased productivity as compared with the conventional material obtained via seminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hybrids or open pollinated tomato cultivars used for sauces and ketchups production usually has determinate growth habit, while most of the genotypes used in the production to salads (in natura consumption) has indeterminate growth habit. Additionally, growth habit can have influence on culture management, productivity and total soluble solids (TSS) in fruits. The growth habit is mainly controlled by the gene SELFPRUNING (SP), which is a component of a small gene family which is also part of the gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), currently considered one of the components so sought after 'florigin'. Understanding the biochemical function and physiological effect of such genes in interaction with the environment and other genes (epistasis), allows the manipulation of parameters such as precocity and TSS. It also provides subsidies to understand the genetic basis of semideterminate growth, which combines the advantages of determinate and indeterminate habit and can be used for plant breeders to development of new cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus tecunumanii has good adaptation to edafoclimatic regions of Brazil and these pinus have been cultivated on Savanna and Atlantic Forest biomes. The objective of this study was to identify climate homogeneous experimental stations of the Forest Institute of São Paulo and indicate places where it is possible to establish progeny and clone tests for breeding and further commercial plantation of this specie. It was selected 30 experimental areas at São Paulo state and climatic data for each meteorological station nearest of these areas were obtained and subjected to cluster analysis. The results were interpreted from the observation dendrogramas. The climatic requirements of the species were verified in the scientific literature and technical reports. All area of São Paulo State is adequate for experimental plantation, with exception of Campos do Jordão, because of great risks of freezing occurrence. The species may also be planted in the stations of Angatuba, Buri, Pirajú, Itapeva, Avaré, Itapetininga and Itararé, but lower areas of the landscape must be avoided, due to the low temperature. In hotter areas of São Paulo State, as North and Northwest region, we can test the plants for earlier flowering what would be useful for optimization the time for plant breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the lower base temperature (Tb) of two canola hybrids during the subperiods emergency-beginning of flowering (EM-IF), earlyflowering- late flowering (FI-FF) and late-flowering physiological maturity (FF-MF), and the number of days in each subperiod. The experiment was carried out with nine seeding times with the hybrids Hyola 61 and Hyola 433 in Santa Maria, being utilized two methods to estimate: least deviation and relative development. There was a negative linear relationship between air temperature and cycle length in days. The Tb values of canola genotypes ranged from -0.6 to 9.1°C for relative development method, and -1 to 11°C for the least deviation method. The average duration for the subperiods EM-IF, IF-FF and FF-MF were respectively 65, 47 and 24 days for hybrid Hyola 61 and, 68, 48 and 23 days for hybrid Hyola 433. The cycle duration of two hybrids decreased with delayed sowing, which reduced from 162 to 100 days in Hyola 433 and 162 to 104 days in Hyola 61. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of phenology can contribute to improve the productivity of crops and fruit quality. The study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive phenology of red pitaya in Lavras, MG, Brazil. It was evaluated in one hundred plants of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose) the subphase's periods from the issuance of buds to fruit ripening from 2008 to 2010. The bud develops from 19 to 21 days. The anthesis is nocturnal which lasts about 15 hours. The maturation occurs from 30 to 40 days after flower opening, when the fruit acquires color pink to deep red and firm texture. In Lavras, MG the reproductive period of red pitaya occurs from November to May and the time of appearance of flower buds to fruit harvest is from 50 to 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was realized to quantify the need for accumulation hours under low temperatures to the acid lime 'Tahiti' flowering, without water application and beyond evaluating gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence under low temperature and light. The experiment was conducted in Viçosa-MG, Brazil, with plants from acid lime 'Tahiti' grafted on Rangpur lime grown in pots of 12 liters. The design was completely randomized with seven treatments and four replicates with one plant per plot. From 02/01/2008 until 04/30/2008, four plants were taken from each growth chamber (CC) (temperatures: 16/12°C (day/night); air humidity: 70%; photoperiod: 10 hours; photosynthetic photon flux density: 100μmol m-2s-1) to 15 days and taken to a greenhouse (CV) without environmental control, totaling seven dates of transfer. Exposure of plants to low temperatures, under controlled conditions, does not cause significant changes in the characteristics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, but caused 80% of reduction in gas exchange. This reduction does not hurt the flowering plants. Plants exposed to no-induced conditions only issued vegetative shoots, while those submitted to lower temperatures, the greater was the exposure time, the greater was the number of flowers sent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The blossom blight and brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola are the most important diseases of peach tree. This study aimed to verify the incidence of the blossom blight on flowers and latent brown rot in green fruits, and at harvest under natural infection, in relation to the position of branches in the orchard with peach cultivars under organic system. The evaluations were carried out with the cultivars 'Aurora', 'Flordaking', 'Marli' and 'Della Nona' in 2006, 'Aurora' and 'Marli' in 2007 and 2008 and conducted in an organic system in Rio do Sul, SC. Conidia were monitored weekly by "winddriven" traps. At flowering the average incidence was 0.8 ('Della Nona') to 19.1% ('Marli'). The incidence at harvest was 15.4 ('Della Nona') to 65.7% ('Flordaking'). It was observed positive and significant correlations between conidia numbers and phenological phases varying from 0.67 ('Flordaking') to 0.99 ('Aurora'). The position of the branch in the orchard, within-row, across-row, did not influence the incidence of disease in the flowers and fruits. The highest conidia concentration was observed during the ripening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sugarcane flowering is a complex physiological process that consists of several stages of development, each stage has its physiological and environmental requisition. The external factors related to flowering are: photoperiod, temperature, humidity, solar radiation in addition to soil fertility. Already the internal factors involved are: phytochrome, hormones, florigene, nucleic acids, among others. The intensity of the flowering and the consequences on the quality of sugarcane vary with the variety and the climate. The reduction of the sugarcane juice is the main factor which affected by the flowering, resulting from due to the increased fiber content. As other Poaceae, the sugarcane flowers, fruit and dies, ensuring the perpetuation of the species. Thus, the man tries to interfere in nature, trying to prevent the flowering sugarcane, either through breeding or through plant growth regulators. In areas of sugarcane commercial production, where there are ideal conditions for the flowering culture, it is recommended the se of variety with lower potential of flowering. And when this varietal management is more difficult, the use of inhibitors of flowering is the best alternative to avoid more losses of sucrose content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The florescence and the production of tangerines are influenced by the last production. So, the inhibition of an excessive florescence can avoid a great production and the exhaustion of the plant reserves, contributing to a more uniform production every year. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the reduction of the florescence in Ponkan mandarin trees upon the production of fruits in two consecutive productions. The results demonstrated that the gibberellic acid application reduced the flower production and increased the percentage of fruit production in relation to the year with an excessive flowering. The application of the gibberellic acid around 90-150 days before the full flowering period can contribute to the reduction of the effect of the production alternance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oleaginous plant with annual cycle and occasionally biennial cycle in tropical areas, with mean cycle of 150 days for the majority of annual cultivars and 120 to 130 days for annual early cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of castor cultivars according to environmental crop and sowing season. The experiment was conduced at Embrapa Clima Temperado - Pelotas/RS, in two places. The castor cultivars used in this research were 'Al Guarany 2002', 'IAC 80', 'IAC 226' and 'BRS 188 Paraguaçu', which were sown in two sowing times: the first was in early November (between 1st and 5st) and the second was in early December (between 1st and 5st). Each sowing season was constituted of 12 experimental units, distributed in three random blocks. It was evaluated the emergency, plant height and first spike insertion , flowering and harvest time, pest and disease attacks. The WinStat program Version 2.0 was used for data statistical analysis. There was a significant difference among cultivar behaviors between the environmental crops and sowing seasons. The second sowing season provided a larger plant and first spike insertion was higher. It also promoted retardation in the flowering and harvesting time. The differences among cultivars, between the two environmental crops, were clearer in the pest and disease attacks, but also in morphologic characteristics of castor plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mango in the Brazilian semi-arid region stands out in the national scenario due to high yields and fruit quality, as well as to the possibility of all-year production due to climatic conditions and technologies which allow the management of plant growth and flowering through irrigation, pruning and use of plant growth regulators. Paclobutrazol applied to the soil is used for the production management of mangoes in most of the orchards. However, it is necessary to identify plant growth regulators which might be applied to the leaves, so as to minimize the risk of residues in the soil and to avoid inadequate application levels over several years. The present paper aimed at evaluating the effect of plant growth regulators applied to the leaves, regarding their efficiency for flowering management of mango 'Tommy Atkins'. Prohexadione-Ca, trinexapac-ethyl and chlormequat chloride at the dosage of 1.0 g a.i. plant-1 acts on the regulation of vegetative growth; the period of efficiency of the products applied to the leaves lasted 20 days for prohexadione-Ca, 30 days for chlormequat cloride, and 45 days for trinexapacethyl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the sample size of the characters of hybrids in castor bean and to verify its variability among hybrids and characters. It was evaluated 41 plants and 55 hybrids (Sara and Lyra), respectively, regarding to the seed characters, adult plant seedling and production in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (latitude 29°42′S, longitude 53°49′W e 95m de altitude), in the agriculture years of 2007/2008. It was found variability in the sample size among hybrids (Sara e Lyra) in relation to width of the seed, length of epicotyl 14 days after emergence, degree-days for issuance of the first true leaf, plant height at the beginning of flowering, height of the first bunch and the number of inflorescences, bunch per plant and capsules per bunch. There is an increased sample size (number of plants) to determine the characters of seed, seedling, plant and production, in that order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaf rust and helminthosporium blight are the main foliar diseases of white oat. The chemical control in susceptible cultivars does not consider the economic damage threshold (EDT). The objective of this research was to obtain the damage functions by critical-point models to relate damage by simultaneous occurrence of white oat leaf rust and helminthosporium blight with yield grains during 2006/07 crop seasons in Lages, SC, Brazil. The gradient of diseases intensity was generated by number of applications and rates fungicides on cultivars 'UPFA 20' and 'UPFA 22'. The trials consisted by 10 treatments distributed in randomly blocks with four replications. Diseases evaluations were done in the elongation, booting and flowering stages. The critical-point models were obtained by linear regression between grain yield and leaf diseases incidence and severity. In 2006, significant function was obtained for 'UPFA 20' in booting stage (R=6.345- 22.07I), with 'UPFA 22'. The significant functions were obtained in elongation (R=5.726-17.96I and R=5.160-541.5S), booting (R=5.961-21.85I; R=5.433-966.8S) and flowering stages (R=6.217-36.41I; R=5.539-1.185S). In 2007, the significant functions were obtained in all growth stages evaluated. To 'UPFA 20', the significant functions were in the elongation (R=6.369-55.61I; R=4.965-2.911S), booting (R=6.620- 49.91I; R=5.181-1.702S) and flowering (R=6.129-32.34I; R=5.252-638.6S), while in the 'UPFA 22', were in the elongation (R=5.201-41.96I; R=4.977-657.8S), booting (R=5.329-60.51I; R=4.238-798.1S) and flowering (R=5.604- 32.83I; R=4.680-588.5S). The 'UPFA 22' cultivar production was more affected by diseases occurrence and the diseases intensity in the flowering stage showed greater relation with the yield grain. The generated functions allowed obtaining the damage coefficient to use in the EDT in the multiple pathosystem leaf rust and helminthosporium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]