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Background: Proficiency and competence of endoscopists is perhaps the mainstay of successful diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy., Aim: To analyze indications, diagnostic findings, and complications of colonoscopies performed by resident physicians in a university teaching hospital., Methods: Were analyzed 1,000 colonoscopies consecutively performed by fourth-year residents under direct supervision of experienced colonoscopists. Information on patients' demographic data, bowel preparation, indications for the procedure, success of the procedure, diagnostic findings, and complications were obtained., Results: A total of 596 (59.6%) female and 404 (40.4%) male patients were examined. Age ranged from 3 to 99 years (mean 53.8 years). Bowel preparation was performed with 10% mannitol solution in 978 patients (97.8%), being considered appropriate in 97.6% of cases. Main indications were: diagnosis (56.4%), therapy (9.6%), screening (17.3%), and surveillance (22%). Cecal and ileocecal valve intubation rates were 90.3 and 58.6%, respectively. Colonoscopy was normal in 45.8% of cases. The most common diagnosis was diverticulosis (18.5%), followed by polyps (17%) and malignancies (6.8%). Findings consistent with an inflammatory process were identified in 122 patients (12.2%) and vascular abnormalities were detected in 11 patients (1.1%). Other diagnoses accounted for 3.9% of cases. There were two cases (0.2%) of complications (submucosal hematoma and bleeding), both after polypectomy, with no need for surgical intervention., Conclusion: The residents under supervision and guidance of specialists can perform colonoscopies with excellent success and low complication rates, with final results comparable to those achieved by fully trained endoscopists.

Background: Studies have shown that pre/postnatal undernutrition leads to higher risk of non communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood., Objective: To determine whether overweight adolescents with mild stunting [height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) in the range <-1 to ≥ -2] have higher blood pressure than overweight individuals with normal stature (HAZ ≥ -1)., Methods: Participants were classified as mildly stunted or of normal stature, and further stratified according to body mass index-for-age percentiles as overweight, normal or underweight. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DPB) blood pressures were determined according to guidelines, and abdominal fat was analyzed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry., Results: Mild stunted overweight individuals showed higher DBP values (p=0.001) than their underweight counterparts (69.75 ± 12.03 and 54.46 ± 11.24 mmHg, respectively), but similar to those of normal BMI. No differences were found in DBP values of normal, overweight and underweight individuals among the normal stature groups. An increase in SBP (p=0.01) among mild stunted individuals was found when those with overweight were compared to their underweight and normal BMI counterparts (114.70 ± 15.46, 97.38 ± 10.87 and 104.72 ± 12.24 mmHg, respectively). Although no differences were observed in the means of SBP between mild stunting and normal stature groups, a significant intercept was found (p=0.01), revealing higher SBP among stunted individuals. There was a correlation between SBP and abdominal fat (r=0.42, ρ=0.02) in the stunted group., Conclusion: Stunted individuals with overweight showed higher SBP than those of normal stature and overweight. These findings confirm that mild stunting increase the risk of future hypertension and alterations are evident at early age.