Carvalho, Isabela Pena Carvalho de, Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos, Paulino, Mário Fonseca, Detmann, Edenio, Paulino, Pedro Veiga Rodrigues, and Henriques, Lara Toledo
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The objective in this trial was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds sources on insoluble fiber utilization of through acid lactic bacteria (LAB) growth, microbial protein production, and activity of the enzymes carboxymethilcellulase (CMC) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Three experiments were carried out. At the first one, four incubations were performed using the ruminal fluid taken from a Holstein x Zebu steer fitted with ruminal canullae and fed signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) pasture plus 200 g/day of supplemental protein. The fluid was collected and centrifuged. The microbial pellet was re-suspended in a basal media and used as inoculum. Eight treatments were evaluated: Cellulose, Cellulose plus Casein, Cellulose plus Soy Peptone, Cellulose plus Urea:Ammonium Sulfate (9:1), Starch, Starch plus Casein, Starch plus Soy Peptone, and Starch plus Urea:Ammonium Sulfate (9:1). The flasks were kept at 39°C with orbital shaking (70 rpm). Successive incubations were done to select the microorganisms according to the energy and nitrogenous sources. After 24 hours of incubation, on the third and fourth transfers, the pH were evaluated and the resulting fluid was diluted and plated on a selective media for LAB according to spread plate technique. After 48 hours the colonies forming units (CFU/mL) were counted. It wasperformed a test to detect the presence of inhibitory substances on the inhibitory activity by using the LAB obtained in the previous procedure. The growth of LAB was favored (P0.05), but the inclusion of urea resulted in higher pH (P0.05). In the third experiment three Holstein x Zebu steers, with average initial body weight of 350 kg, fitted with ruminal canullae and kept in individual stalls, were used. The animals were fed Tifton hay (Cynodon sp.), ad libitum. The treatments were: control, without supplementation; supplementation with non-protein nitrogenous compounds (urea: ammonium sulfate, 9:1); and supplementation with true protein (albumin). The level of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds was 1 g/kg body weight in crude protein. The experiment was carried out according to a 3 x 3 Latin square design, with three experimental periods lasting five days each, being three days for the adaptation of animals to supplementation. In the fourth day of each experimental period, samples of rumen fluid were collected at 6, 12 and 24 hours after supplementation to evaluate pH and ruminal AN concentration. At same time, it was carried out an in situ incubation procedure in order to quantify the activity of the enzymes CMC and GHD. The average of the ruminal pH was 6.55, with no differences among treatments and time of evaluation (P>0.05). In a general way, the activity of GHD was increased between times of evaluation (P0.05). The control treatment show higher activity of the CMC compared to treatments with supplementation (P0,05); entretanto, a inclusão de uréia resultouem pH mais elevado (P0,05).Para o terceiro experimento utilizaram-se três novilhos mestiços Holandês x Zebu, compeso corporal inicial de 350 kg fistulados no rúmen, mantidos em baias individuais recebendo feno de Tifton (Cynodon sp.) ad libtum.Os tratamentos foram: controle, sem suplementação; suplementação com compostos nitrogenados não-protéicos (uréia:sulfato de amônio, 9:1); e suplementação com compostos nitrogenados protéicos (albumina). Para os tratamentos que compreenderam suplementação com compostos nitrogenados definiu-se o fornecimento em 1 g/kg de peso vivo dos animais em proteína bruta. O experimento foi conduzido segundo delineamento em quadrado latino 3 x 3, com três períodos experimentais com duração de cinco dias cada, sendo os três primeiros dias destinados à adaptação ruminal dos animais à suplementação. Para avaliação do pH e da concentração de NA ruminal coletou-se, no quarto dia de cada período experimental, alíquotas de líquido ruminal nos tempos 6, 12 e 24 horas após a suplementação. Simultaneamente a esta avaliação, conduziu-se procedimento de incubação in situ para quantificação da atividade das enzimas CMC e GHD. A média do pH do líquido de rúmen foi de 6,55, não havendo diferenças entre os tratamento e os tempos de avaliação (P>0,05). Em termos gerais, a atividade da GHD foi ampliada nos intervalos avaliados (P0,05) sobre a atividade da GDH. De maneira geral, o tratamento controle apresentou maior atividade da CMC em relação ao tratamentos que continham fontes suplementares de nitrogênio (P