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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of surgical treatment of deep endometriosis on the metabolic profile, quality of life and psychological aspects. Methods Prospective observational study, carried out with women of reproductive age diagnosed with deep endometriosis, treated in a specialized outpatient clinic, from October/2020 to September/2022, at a University Hospital in Fortaleza - Brazil. Standardized questionnaires were applied to collect data on quality of life and mental health, in addition to laboratory tests to evaluate dyslipidemia and dysglycemia, at two moments, preoperatively and six months after surgery. The results were presented using tables, averages and percentages. Results Thirty women with an average age of 38.5 years were evaluated. Seven quality of life domains showed improved scores: pain, control and impotence, well-being, social support, self-image, work life and sexual relations after surgery (ES ≥ 0.80). There was an improvement in mental health status with a significant reduction in anxiety and depression postoperatively. With the metabolic profile, all average levels were lower after surgery: total cholesterol 8.2% lower, LDL 12.8% lower, triglycerides 10.9% lower, and fasting blood glucose 7.3% lower (p < 0.001). Conclusion Surgical treatment of deep endometriosis improved the quality of life and psychological aspects of patients. The lipid profile of patients after laparoscopy was favorable when compared to the preoperative lipid profile.

Abstract Brazil has emerged as the world's largest producer of annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.). Fortunately, the increase in national production has been accompanied by an improvement in the quality of this raw material. Annatto is a typical crop of small producers who usually use their empirical knowledge to evaluate the quality of the crop. Thefore, the visual observation of the color of annatto seeds has been considered a quality standard by many producers. To evaluate the scientific evidence, the present study evaluated annatto seeds from 51 accessions of the germplasm bank of the Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico de Campinas - IAC) to determine a possible correlation between the pigment’s contents and the color of annatto seeds as well as the influence of humidity on this correlation. The correlations between the concentrations of pigments, humidity, lipids, and color (L*, a*, b*) were also evaluated. The color was evaluated using a colorimeter with measurements of the CIE L*, a*, b* scale. Only the correlation between the variables moisture and lipids was considered strong through the simple correlation, while the variables bixin content and coordinate a* presented a significant correlation while eliminating the effect of moisture (partial correlation). Thus, a correlation between the red color and the bixin concentration of annatto seeds was observed even though it was a weak correlation. In turn, the color difference (ΔEab) between the samples with higher and lower bixin contents was only 1.44. This difference indicates that large variations in the bixin concentrations may lead to small color changes in the annatto seeds, impairing the use of this criterion for quality control of these seeds.

This work aimed to characterize coproducts from extra virgin olive oil extraction, its chemical composition and nutritive value of two olive cultivars (Arbequina and Koroneiki) in industries in Brazil Southern region. Sampling from cultivar Arbequina was done at two moments (time 0 and 48h post processing) and from cultivar Koroneiki, only at time zero was sampled. The composition of the two cultivars was different, as expected. Higher levels of carbohydrates (CHO) and lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contributed to improve in situ degradability (61.0 vs 43.5% ) of Koroneiki cultivar. Both co-products obtained on the day of processing showed high levels of lignin, which led to a lower level of in situ degradability of the NDF (21.1%). High levels of EE (19.4% DM), total phenols (FT; 1.8% DM), total tannins (TT; 1.11% DM) and TDN (72.7% DM) were also observed. These results demonstrate that the byproduct represents a potential source of lipids and phenolic compounds that can be used to adjust diets as well as the aggregation of functional molecules in meat and milk products. The care in obtaining and preserving the product is important because the material obtained 48 hours after the processing showed losses in the contents of CHO, CNF, FT and TT, which can impair its nutritional value and the potential of use.

Introduction: The search for an anatomical substitute for the breast, for the purpose of correcting aesthetic problems has a long history of failure until the arrival of silicone. Since the beginning of its use, in the 1960s, many complications have appeared, such as infection, rejection, rupture, in addition to silicone leakage. We did not find in the literature, however, any report on the passage of materials from the human organism to the interior of implants. The objective is to identification by infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and clinical analysis, reporting the passage of organic substances into breast implants without any violation of their capsule. Methods: 1500 pairs of breast implants were analyzed, surgically removed from 1998 to 2018. Of which six were included in the study. Results: Three materials were analyzed showing macroscopic changes in their interior, without violating the capsule. A second sample was performed on a similar implant, but without use. The third material was a sample of fatty breast tissue removed from the patient during the surgery. Materials compatible with fat, animal protein and hemoglobin were found inside the implant. Conclusions: The change evidenced in the material inside the two implants indicates the occurrence of the passage of organic materials through an intact capsule.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cinnamon in reducing lipid levels in people with diabetes. Method: Randomized clinical trial of parallel groups, triple-blind, conducted in Basic Health Units in the state of Piauí in 2019. People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, between 18 and 80 years old, using oral antidiabetics, were included, and divided into two groups. The experimental group tested 3g of cinnamon for 90 days. Results: 140 people participated in the study. From these, the experimental group (n= 71) showed a reduction in mean levels of total cholesterol (p= 0.316 | CI 95% -24.9-8.1), LDL (p= 0.024 | CI 95% -29.3 -2.1) and triglycerides (p= 0.969 | 95% CI -28.6-27.5), and increased HDL (p= 0.001 | 95% CI 4.2-10.2). Conclusion: The use of 3g of cinnamon per day, for 90 days, seems to help reduce LDL values and increase HDL levels in patients with diabetes.

ABSTRACT The effects of diets containing oilseeds were measured to evaluate the productive and economic parameters in the finishing of young, feedlot Nellore bulls. Twenty-four young Nellore bulls were used, with an initial body weight (BW) of 311.46±0.37 kg and 24 months of age, distributed into individual stalls ( 4 × 20 m) in a completely randomized design, totaling four treatments with six repetitions per treatment. Four diets (control, based on corn and soybean meal, and three diets containing cottonseed, soybean, and sunflower) were evaluated. Feed and orts were measured daily to calculate intake and costs. The dry matter intake of the control group was higher than soybean (10.64 kg/day), cotton (9.88 kg/day), and sunflower (9.30 kg/day) treatments, respectively. The cottonseed treatment showed the highest average neutral detergent fiber intake. There was a dietary effect of diets on average daily gain, total weight gain, and final weight. The soybean treatment showed the highest performance, total gain (232.55 kg), and final weight (544.38 kg). Oilseed intake can modify the fatty acids profile in the meat, decreasing its saturated fatty acid content. Whole soybean seed favors performance, improves feed efficiency, fatty acid profile, and fat distribution in the carcass, and can reduce production costs.

The research aimed at the development of lactose-free hibiscus functional ice cream with the addition of inulin, and evaluated the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory acceptance characteristics. Two ice cream formulations with different inulin concentrations were developed: Formulation 1 (F1), hibiscus ice cream with 3% inulin addition, and Formulation 2 (F2), hibiscus ice cream with 6% inulin addition. The formulations showed the results in the analysis: moisture (F1: 63.31±4.29%; F2: 66.75±0.35%); lipids (F1: 3.74±0.73%; F2: 3.77±0.23%); ash (F1: 0.86±0.14%; F2: 0.98±0.27%); protein (F1: 1.34±0.09%; F2: 1.22±0.23%); crude fiber (F1: 0.76±0.18%; F2: 0.77±0.08%) - and did not differ statistically from each other (p <0.05). Most judges rated the samples as "liked moderately". It is concluded that hibiscus ice creams with the addition of inulin showed interesting results, which indicate the feasibility of developing the product that can meet specific and restricted diets, in addition to presenting nutritional and sensory quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies present interactions among plant physiological and seed chemical composition of soybean cultivates under different arrangements. Therefore, this study seeks to understand this relationship between space occupation and product quality. We grew two soybean cultivars (Tec 7849 Ipro and Monsoy 6972 Ipro) in four different spatial arrangements (50.0 x 7.1; 40.0 x 8.9; 30.0 x 11.9 and 18.9 x 18.9 or 16.2 x 16.2 cm, respectively). During V4 and R2 phenological stages, we analyzed the gas exchange, and at the harvest were composed two different lots: freshly harvested seeds and the seeds subjected to accelerated aging; in both lots, we evaluated germination test, vigor, germination speed index, seedling fresh mass, and the determination of the chemical composition of the seeds. For experiment conducted to analyze physiological parameters we adopted the factorial scheme 2x2x4 (two evaluation periods x two soybean cultivars x four spatial arrangements), and for seed quality and chemical composition, we adopted the factorial scheme 2x4 (two soybean cultivars x four spatial crop arrangements). The vegetative stage was crucial for better gas exchange efficiency, and the spatial arrangements positively influenced the physiological and chemical quality of the seeds for soybean crop, where the fitted arrangement was observed in 40.0 cm between rows and 8.9 cm between plants for the cultivar Tec 7849 Ipro and 50.0 cm between rows and 5.3 cm between plants, for Monsoy 6972 Ipro. Adjusts in spatial arrangements can promote beneficial responses in seed quality.

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Vegetarian and plant-based diets have been studied with the aim of reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To describe the effects of vegetarian and plantbased diets on lipid profile, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors in adult patients. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review, carried out with randomized clinical trials from 2015 to 2020, indexed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Portal BVS and Portal CAPES. Health descriptors and Boolean terms were used for greater sensitivity and specificity. Eligibility criteria included only randomized clinical trials, articles that compared a vegetarian or plantbased diet with the control group and that used at least one cardiovascular risk assessment parameter in the analysis of results. Results and Discussion: Ten articles were included in this systematic review. Significant reductions were demonstrated in the levels of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, Body Mass Index and inflammatory markers in the selected studies, without considerable changes in HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The strict vegetarian diet presented relevant results when compared to conventional treatment or to reference diets in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Conclusion: Vegetarian and plant-based diets showed favorable results in metabolic rates. More studies are needed to carry out the adequate indication in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to statistically prove the influence of salinity on growth kinetics and intracellular lipid accumulation in microalgae. The species Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus acuminatus, Nannochloropsis sp., Monoraphidium contortum and Pediastrum tetras were studied, which were isolated in the Brazilian semi-arid region and cultivated in synthetic media with the addition of NaCl. From the crops, growth kinetics, dry biomass production and lipid content were analyzed, using the experimental planning for one factor as a tool, with the NaCl concentration as an independent variable. The kinetic parameters maximum growth speed (µmax) and generation time (tg), as well as lipid concentration were the response variables studied. The results showed that, in the species Scenedesmus acuminatus, Nannochloropsis sp. and Pediastrum tetras, salt stress contributed to the increase in µmax and the consequent decrease in tg. The highest levels of lipid accumulation were obtained in Nannochloropsis sp. (62.04%), in the medium with the highest salinity and Pediastrum tetras (54.04%) in the lowest. Dry biomass production was higher in Scenedesmus acuminatus (1,941.37 mg.L-1) and Nannochloropsis sp. (1237.05 mg.L-1), both at a concentration of 4.0 g.L-1. Therefore, saline stress acted directly on the cell growth and lipid content of the species, which can be used as a device to enhance lipid production for the purpose of producing biofuels.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-farrowing lipid supplementation for three days on performance parameters of sows and piglets and the survival rate of litters. Four hundred hyperprolific sows were randomly distributed in blocks according to their body condition score, weight, and parity order. Three levels of soybean oil were added on top at the time of feed supply and compared to the control treatment. The levels were: 250 mL, 500 mL, and 1,000 mL, in addition to the control that contained only the crude fat present in the feed (5.04%). Sows were weighed and evaluated for their body condition score at the beginning and end of the lactation period, and their piglets were weighed at birth, after 24 h, and at weaning to determine colostrum yield of the sow and daily weight gain of piglets during the lactation period. Survival rate of litters was also evaluated. Weight loss of gilts decreased linearly as the level of supplemented oil increased. The other parameters evaluated were not affected by treatments, suggesting that the supplemented soybean oil was used for growth rather than milk production of gilts. Additionally, it had no effect on the performance of multiparous females. Under the experimental conditions of this study, soybean oil supplementation for gilts in the first three days before farrowing decrease their weight loss but does not change their body condition score, colostrum yield, and performance and survival of their litters.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of supplementing goat diets with avocado pulp and oil, with respective ether extract (EE) contents of 14 and 6% (dry matter [DM] basis), on the intakes of DM and nutrients and on the rumen fermentation parameters of pH, ammonia (N-NH3), and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Non-pregnant, non-lactating, rumen-cannulated Saanen goats with an average weight of 66.6±4.6 kg were distributed into two 3 × 3 Latin squares. Concentrate DM intake (g/day) was higher in the animals that consumed the diet with pulp than in the goats fed the control and oil treatments. However, this higher concentrate intake was not sufficient to influence total diet DM intake or the intakes of crude protein, EE, mineral matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients (TDN). All evaluated rumen parameters were influenced by collection time, except N-NH3, which was influenced by the diets, with lower concentrations obtained with the pulp diet in relation to the control and oil treatments, yet within the limits considered normal to maximize DM intake and digestion. The pulp diet provided a lower butyric acid content than control at the collection times of two and eight hours after the meal, which was attributed to the proportional reduction of roughage in relation to concentrate. Diets with 6% EE do not influence intake or rumen parameters in non-pregnant, non-lactating goats. However, diets with 14% EE (DM basis) induce a reduction in the proportional intake of roughage in relation to concentrate and in the butyric acid and N-NH3 contents in the goat rumen.

Copyright of Revista da Associação Brasileira de Nutrição is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Nutricao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the diversity of Amazon fruits with potential functional activity, Solanum americanum which contains bioactive compounds that have potential to reduce weight gain, modulates metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative processes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the centesimal composition of this fruit and effects of Solanum americanum ingestion in rats. The centesimal composition was determined and two groups were constituted receiving by intubation (gavage) either water - control group (CO n=5) or 0.3214 ml of the fruit by 100 g body weight - experimental group (MP n=10). Feed intake and weight gain were measured (g) daily and at the end of the trial blood was collected for biochemical determinations (mg dl-1). Solanum americanum presented 81.36 ± 0.77 g of humidity, 3.58 ± 0.43 g of ashes, 0.24 ± 0.003 g of protein, 0.13 g ± 0.01 of lipids, 14.70 g of total carbohydrates, with pH 4.39 ± 0.02 and titratable acidity of 0.69 ± 0.02 g citric acid 100 g-1. MP group consumed less feed (25.05 ± 3.72) than CO group (28.34 ± 2.93) (p=0.018) suggesting that the fruit consumption may have provided a greater satiety that might have reflected on the trend to weight gain reduction in MP group (p=0.21). There was a tendency towards the blood glucose (90.90 ± 22.09) (p=0.47) and cholesterol (107.60±16.58) (p=0.54) reduction in MP group The aforementioned effects can be possibly attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds, which makes the consumption of this ripened fruit a sustainable option for management of chronic degenerative diseases.

Aim: to determine the association between serum ferritin levels, lipid profile and adiposity in school-age children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on obese and non-obese children. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured for all participants. Lipid profile, serum ferritin and glucose were determined and analysed through absorbance. The Spearman correlation was performed for the quantitative variables and a regression analysis was used to determine the interaction between variables. Eighty-nine children were included, with a median age of 9.0 years. Results: When comparing serum ferritin levels in normal weight group, vs. the overweight and obesity group, values were significantly higher in the latter. Serum ferritin correlated positively with BMI (Rho .282, p

Abstract Background: Different strategies have been proposed for the cardiovascular risk management of patients with psoriasis. Objective: To estimate the cardiovascular risk and evaluate two cardiovascular prevention strategies in patients with psoriasis, analyzing which proportion of patients would be candidates to receive statin therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort was selected from a secondary database. All patients >18 years with psoriasis without cardiovascular disease or lipid-lowering treatment were included. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease calculator (2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines) and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation risk calculator (2016 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Atherosclerosis guidelines) were calculated. The SCORE risk value was adjusted by a multiplication factor of 1.5. The recommendations for the indication of statins suggested by both guidelines were analyzed. Results: A total of 892 patients (mean age 59.9 ± 16.5 years, 54.5% women) were included. The median atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease calculator and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation values were 13.4% (IQR 6.1-27.0%) and 1.9% (IQR 0.4-5.2), respectively. According to the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease calculator, 20.1%, 11.0%, 32.9%, and 36.4% of the population was classified at low, borderline, moderate, or high risk. Applying the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, 26.5%, 42.9%, 20.8%, and 9.8% of patients were stratified as having low, moderate, high, or very high risk, respectively. The proportion of subjects with statin indication was similar using both strategies: 60.1% and 60.9% for the 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and 2016 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Atherosclerosis guidelines, respectively. Study limitations: This was a secondary database study. Data on the severity of psoriasis and pharmacological treatments were not included in the analysis. Conclusion: This population with psoriasis was mostly classified at moderate-high risk and the statin therapy indication was similar when applying the two strategies evaluated.

Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The study aimed to verify the effect of diet and environmental temperature on traits of milk fat globules (MFG) of goats. The experiment was conducted in climatic chambers, where we housed 12 Alpine goats with a mean age of 4.02±1.78 years, live weight of 41.8±4.59 kg, and average milk production of 2.16±0.59 kg. The animals were subjected to two different controlled temperatures, T1 = 26 ℃ (thermoneutral) and T2 = 34 ℃ (stress), and diets with different energy levels (low, medium, and high). A milk sample of each animal was collected at 6.00 h, coinciding with milking. The effect of temperature and diet was verified on MFG. The highest MFG was observed at 26 ℃ and medium energy diet. The MFG reached lower values with the diet of medium energy and high temperature (34 ℃). On average, 35% of MFG is smaller than 2 μm, 50% is medium in size (2-5 μm), and 15% is large (>5 μm), with a maximum size of 9.57 μm. The higher prevalence of medium-sized MFG is indicative of excellent milk digestibility. The increase in dietary energy levels promoted both the fat and diameter of fat globules. The higher fat and the larger globules would positively affect the cheese-making aptitude and make it suitable for production of hard cheeses. The increase in dietary energy levels for goats promotes an increase in the diameter of fat globules and milk fat (%), essential traits to the cheese industry.

The aim of this study was to assess the meat quality of Pantaneiro lambs finished in confinement and slaughtered at different body weights (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 kg). Forty-five non-castrated male Pantaneiro lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and nine replicates. The animals were housed in individual pens and slaughtered when they reached the target weights. For instrumental and centesimal analyses, the Semimembranosus, Longissimus lumborum, Gluteobiceps, and Triceps brachii muscles were used, whereas for fatty acid profile analysis only the Longissimus lumborum muscle was used. The different body weights influenced the final pH of the meat, but this still remained within the recommended values; however, the meat of heavier lambs had increased water-holding capacity (WHC), redness (a*), and fat content, making it the tenderest but least luminous and humid meat. Greater body weight led to a higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, reduction of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), higher hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content (H), and higher atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity indexes (TI). Therefore, it was concluded that the meat of lambs slaughtered at lower body weight presented better nutritional quality, making it more suitable for human consumption.

Insects are an important source of proteins, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and lipids. In this context, the present study evaluated the essential fatty acid profile of the larval oil of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) subjected to three plant tissue diets: Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae), Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae), and Jacaratia digitata (Caricaceae). Five adult individuals, 2 males, and 3 females were captured for their reproduction in captivity. The hatched larvae were subjected to the three diets for 45 days. After this period, extraction was carried out and the fatty acid profile of the oil was determined. Being oleic monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1) and palmitic saturated fatty acid (16:0), which are found in greater abundance for the three diets. Regarding essential fatty acids, linoleic (18:2) and alpha-linolenic (18:3) fatty acids were detected in concentrations of 1.96 Â 0.028 and 1.14 Â 0.007%, for the diet of Mauritia flexuosa, 0.67 Â 0.007 and 0.43 Â 0.035%, for the diet of Oenocarpus bataua, and 0.76 Â 0.000 and 0.29 Â 0.007%, for the diet of Jacaratia digitata, respectively. The results show that diets influence the type of fatty acid metabolized and its concentration. The larva is a source of monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (omega 9) and palmitoleic (omega 7) and of the essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic precursors of the fatty acids of the omega 6 and omega 3 families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of and determine the optimum level of inclusion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diluent for goat semen cryopreservation. Five Boer males underwent semen collection, totaling 10 viable collections per animal. After evaluation, the ejaculates were pooled and fractionated in Tris-yolk medium with the addition of 0; 30; 45; or 60ng mL-1 of DHA and 0.4 mmol of alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). The semen was cryopreserved in a freezing machine (TK 3000TM) and placed in a cryogenic cylinder for subsequent analysis. Data were evaluated by regression analysis at 5% significance. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in sperm kinetic parameters evaluated by computer assisted sperm analysis: total motility (79.17 ± 17.31%), progressive motility (14.04 ± 5.73%), curvilinear speed (58.82 ± 6.35µm/s), progressive linear speed (22.49 ± 3.63µm/s), mean path speed (35.17 ± 4.52µm/s), linearity (38.69 ± 5.79%), rectilinearity (63.99 ± 6.64%), and oscillation index (59.68 ± 2.99%). There were no differences (P > 0.05) found from the membrane functional integrity test for reactive spermatozoa (69.66 ± 9.76%), plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity of intact spermatozoa (29.86 ± 7.57%), mitochondrial potential of Class I cryopreserved goat semen (72.75 ± 9.81%), and chromatin compaction of intact chromatin (96.87 ± 4.37%). Thus, the inclusion of up to 60ng mL-1 of DHA did not promote any improvement in the seminal quality parameters of post-thawed goat semen.

Introduction: The current demographic and epidemiological transition in Brazil, reflected in the aging population, has a higher prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases (CD), neoplasms, metabolic disorders, chronic respiratory diseases, and chronic renal failure (CRF). These diseases may be due to modifiable risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, anemia, physical inactivity, stress, obesity, and alcoholism. Chronic renal failure occurs due to the slow, progressive, and irreversible loss of renal function, and cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality caused by atheroma resulting from dyslipidemia. Objectives: Based on dyslipidemia as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and on the susceptibility of its development by chronic renal patients, the objective of this study was to analyze whether the hemodialysis treatment and the medical monitoring is efficient to minimize or avoid dyslipidemia in these patients. Methodology: This is a longitudinal descriptive study carried out through an analysis of laboratory data of tests related to the lipid profile: Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Triglycerides from November 2018 to June 2019. Results: Twenty patients were followed up and had their data analyzed, 50% were aged between 60 and 69 years old and had a previous underlying disease, such as arterial hypertension (45%), hypertension associated with diabetes (25.0%), and isolated diabetes (10.0%). The analysis of the presence of dyslipidemia showed the laboratory tests that had the most changes were HDL with a result under the desirable (<40.0mg / dl) and triglycerides with results considered above normal (> 150.0 mg / dl) with risk for DC. Only 1 female subject (5.0%) presented all the results of the lipid profile altered throughout the study, even using the statin drug, while the majority (95%) of the patients had desirable results. The analysis of all the results of the lipid profile showed that only one male subject presented changes in the entire study period with undesirable triglycerides and HDL, while in the female sex, patient number 14 presented changes in all tests throughout the analysis period, with Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol with undesirable values above normal and undesirable HDL-cholesterol with values under the desirable. The triglycerides test showed the most alteration with undesirable results in 11 (55.0%) subjects, mainly female, with subsequent LDL above normal and reduced HDL, considered an important cardiovascular risk factor due to the formation of atheromas. Conclusion: For patients with CRF, medical follow-up and the hemodialysis treatment performed by the Brazilian Health System is extremely important. This study demonstrated it is as an effective method for the control and prevention of dyslipidemias, minimizing the risk for cardiovascular diseases in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Studies on the effect of the applying of phytoregulators to overcome seed dormancy have been carried out in Annonaceae species, thus the endogenous relationship between abscisic acid and gibberellins after the application of phytoregulators needs to be known in these species. Considering the importance of hormonal balance in dormancy mechanisms, the aim of this research was to elucidate how endogenous ABA and GA concentrations change after the application of phytoregulators in seeds and how these changes affect reserve degradation during germination of Annona macroprophyllata and A. purpurea seeds. Seeds were submitted to three conditions: - no soaking, soaking-in-water and soaking-in-GA4+7+benzyladenine. ABA, GA, lipids, proteins, and total soluble sugars were quantified at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 days after the beginning of treatments. The application of phytoregulators led change of the hormonal balance inducing increase in endogenous GA and reduction in ABA levels since seed soaking. During imbibition, the degradation of seed reserves (breaks proteins first, and then soluble sugars and finally lipids) was observed and complete germination was obtained after 10 days, with primary root emission. In both species, dormancy can be broken soon after seed dispersal when the balance between GA and ABA is endogenously changed (by exogenous application of phytoregulators), leading to metabolic reserve degradation and germination.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the effect of vertical gastrectomy on lipid profile and cardiometabolic risk in young women, preoperatively and 6 months after the operation. Methods: retrospective study, encompassing medical record reviews of women’s charts, preoperatively and in six months after the operation. Data collection was performed in the second half of 2015, using a review protocol with questions on the clinical-laboratory profile, anthropometric and laboratory classification of dyslipidemias. Descriptive and inferential analysis were used to treat the variables, using measures of variance, association and linear regression. Results: we analyzed medical records of 114 women undergoing vertical gastrectomy, with a mean age of 33.82±10.92, and with complete high school education. There was a significant reduction of anthropometric data, as well as serum lipid values, six months after the surgical procedure. The coefficients of determination and the results of linear regression, showed that the reduction in serum triglyceride values and increase in high-density lipoprotein have a direct impact on the reduction of the cardiometabolic risk. Regarding the laboratory classification of dyslipidemias, it was observed that the majority presented a significant reduction at the six-month follow-up. Mixed hyperlipidemia showed no significant reduction. The categorized cardiometabolic risk showed a significant reduction in women at risk before vertical gastrectomy. Conclusion: at the six-month follow-up, vertical gastrectomy was effective in reducing the serum lipid profile and the cardiometabolic risk of young women when compared to the preoperative data. There was also a different improvement in the laboratory classification of dyslipidemias at the six-month follow-up after the surgical procedure.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of ginge (Zingiber officinale) in reducing blood sugar and lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: a randomized and double-blind clinical trial conducted with people with type 2 diabetes in primary care facilities. The study included individuals aged between 20 and 80 years old, using oral antidiabetic drugs and with HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 10%. The participants were paired 1:1, allocated in two distinct groups, and randomized in blocks, based on their HbA1c levels. In the experimental group, the participants used 1.2g of ginger and, in the control group, 1.2g of placebo, daily for 90 days. The primary outcome was a reduction in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c, and the secondary outcome was a reduction in lipids and HOMA-IR. 103 individuals completed the study, 47 in the experimental group and 56 in the control group. Results: the participants in the experimental group showed a greater reduction in the blood glucose and total cholesterol values compared to the control group. Conclusion: the use of ginger can help in the treatment of people with diabetes, and data support the inclusion of this herbal drug in the clinical practice of nurses. RBR-2rt2wy

Abstract Turmeric and saffron are spices with fatty acids and phenolic compounds that exert several human health benefits. Nonetheless, their bioavailability may be reduced by cooking that involves high temperatures. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effects of domestic heat treatments with respect to untreated controls on these molecules assessed by spectrophotometry and gas chromatography: microwaving, boiling under pressure and boiling without it (compared by ANOVA, p < 0.05). All treatments reduced phenolic compounds in saffron, whereas only microwaving decreased them in turmeric. Turmeric curcumin was reduced by microwaving and boiling under pressure. Turmeric and saffron showed a different fatty acid profile, which was differentially affected depending on the treatment. In conclusion, although the functional and nutritional quality of these spices can be affected, turmeric is more resistant to heat than saffron and shows a better lipid profile with high unsaturated fatty acids even after treated. Also, boiling preserved potential health-promoting phenolic compounds and some unsaturated fatty acids. Although a risk of bioactive compound loss exists, the correct cooking method can reduced it.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the effect of photoperiod on the cannibalism, growth, and body composition of giant trahira (Hoplias intermedius) juveniles. A completely randomized design was employed, with four photoperiods - 0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, and 18L:6D, hours of light (L): dark (D) - and four replicates, for a period of 90 days. The analyzed parameters were: cannibalism, growth in weight and length, food consumption, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, muscle growth, and body composition (moisture, lipid, ash, and crude protein). Fish from the 12L:12D photoperiod showed the highest survival rate and no cannibalism, as well as a great uniformity for length and mass values at the end of the experiment. The best photoperiod for giant trahira juveniles is 12L:12D, as these fish showed growth uniformity and no cannibalism, while fish from the 6L:18D and 18L:6D groups had a greater diameter of white muscle fibers and a higher frequency of greater diameter fibers. Giant trahira showed the lowest value for lipids at 6L:18D and the highest value at 12L:12D. Photoperiod affects survival and cannibalism; regarding body composition, only lipids are influenced by photoperiod.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. Different residual frying oil concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g kg-1 dry matter base) in the diets of lambs were evaluated. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 12.8% crude protein (CP) with a 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio. In each observation period, the following variables were measured: time spent eating, time spent ruminating, time spent idle, and number and time of ruminating chews per ruminated bolus. Animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups according to a Latin square design, with five treatments and five experimental periods. The average values were analyzed using regression analysis to 5%. There was no difference for the time spent feeding, ruminating and being idle. No differences in daily feeding number, total chewing time, number of rumination boluses, number of rumination chews per bolus, rumination chew time per bolus and feeding efficiency were observed. The efficiency of rumination for dry matter and neutral detergent fiber showed a decreased linear effect. It can be concluded that the inclusion of residual frying oil does not affect activities of feeding, rumination and being idle as well as the parameters of rumination chewing, but it does decrease the efficiency of rumination.

Dentro da diversidade de frutos da Amazônia com potencial atividade funcional, Solanum americanum, que contém compostos bioativos com potencial para reduzir o ganho de peso, modula o metabolismo, processos inflamatórios e oxidativos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal desse fruto e os efeitos da ingestão de Solanum americanum em ratos. A composição centesimal foi determinada e dois grupos foram constituídos recebendo intubação (gavagem), grupo controle de água (CO n = 5) ou 0,3214 ml da fruta por 100 g de peso corporal - grupo experimental (MP n=10). A ingestão de ração e o ganho de peso foram medidos (g) diariamente e no final do estudo, o sangue foi coletado para determinações bioquímicas (mg dl-1). Solanum americanum apresentou 81,36 ± 0,77 g de umidade, 3,58 ± 0,43 g de cinzas, 0,24 ± 0,003 g de proteína, 0,13 g ± 0,01 de lipídios, 14,70 g de carboidratos totais, com pH 4,39 ± 0,02 e acidez titulável de 0,69 ± 0,02 g ácido cítrico 100 g-1. O grupo MP consumiu menos ração (25,05 ± 3,72) do que o grupo CO (28,34 ± 2,93) (p=0,018), sugerindo que o consumo de frutas pode ter proporcionado uma maior saciedade que pode ter refletido na tendência de redução do ganho de peso no grupo MP (p=0,21). Houve uma tendência à redução da glicemia (90,90 ± 22,09) (p 0,47) e colesterol (107,60 ± 16,58) (p=0,54) no grupo MP Os efeitos mencionados acima podem ser atribuídos à presença de compostos bioativos, o que torna o consumo desse fruto amadurecido é uma opção sustentável para o manejo de doenças degenerativas crônicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following study consisted of quantifying all the compounds present, in frozen cashew pulp, sold commercially in the city of Guanambi - BA, for this purpose the presence of the macro nutrients (moisture, ash, proteins, fibers, lipids and carbohydrates) was analyzed, thus establishing its proximate composition, in addition, the energy value of the analyzed pulp was also determined. From the results found, it was possible to notice that the moisture content varied from 87.6 to 90.7%, whereas the ash values belonged to the ranges between 0.25 to 0.29%, for the protein results, they were values between 0.15 to 0.19% were obtained, while for the quantification of lipids, values between 0.30 to 0.60% were obtained, while the fiber contents showed values that correspond to the range of 2.24 to 2.30%, the quantification of carbohydrates corresponded to values between 2.94 to 5.98% and finally, the quantification of the energy value of cashew pulps, are between the ranges of 17.15 to 57.98 Kcal. All the values found were within the established standards, presenting, in some cases, small variations that may be related to the point of ripening of the pseudofruits, as well as the methodologies of analysis employed, the manufacture of the pulps and ways of cultivating the cashews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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