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The article "The Abandoned Being" discusses Jean-Luc Nancy's reflection on the condition of abandonment as a central ontological and ethical issue in his thought. Nancy explores the idea that being is abandoned to a plurality of modes of existence, which implies a radical freedom and an essential inoperability of human life. The relationship between philosophy and politics is addressed, highlighting the need to rethink the sacrificial paradigm and sovereignty in a post-productive and globalized context. Freedom is seen as a shared gift in the community, which manifests itself in the inoperability of existence and in the freedom to be in common. [Extracted from the article]

The article undertakes a critical analysis of Adorno's interpretation of Kant's conception of practical freedom, with the primary aim of investigating the key concept of 'addendum' proposed in the third part of Negative Dialectics, Model Freedom. We commence by presenting some central aspects of Adorno's conception of human freedom, thereby directing the argumentation towards defending the hypothesis of a certain artificiality inherent in the concept of an addendum. This consideration arises from the somewhat antinomian and generic manner in which Adorno addresses the relationship between the realms of thought (consciousness, language, culture) and nature (body, physiology, natural impulses). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this text is to observe how Hegel identifies, in the concept of 'objective humor', the fundamental poetic trait to be considered in the 'sensible-spiritual formation' of a culture divided and supposedly confused by relativisms of all kinds: modernity. To this end, the text is divided into three parts. In the first part, we will briefly look at the position, purpose, and meaning of art in general as a selfconscious exercise and the highest expression of the 'sensible freedom' of the modern Geist. In the second, we will explore the Hegelian meaning of 'objective humor' to identify the advantages of the poetic genre in distinguishing between the supposedly true and false contents of the spirit in art. Finally, in the third part, we will examine Hegel's interpretation of Goethe's poem 'Reencounter' [Wiederfinden] to illustrate the relevance of speculative dialectics for understanding the Hegelian concept of art and, conversely, the relevance of art for understanding dialectics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative and exploratory article prepares a systematic bibliographical review on school management in schools located in vulnerable contexts. We sought to deepen the discussion on burning issues regarding the implementation of school management actions to ensure effective community participation in schools located in vulnerable contexts, between 2013-2023. The text integrates a larger scope investigation Included in an ongoing doctoral thesis project - anchored in the ethnographic method - which examines the role of public schools as relevant social facilities in establishing welcoming and participatory relationships (or not) with the school community. The discussion of research on school management in vulnerable contexts is essential to enrich the reflection on the role of schools in these locations in promoting quality education. The analyzed studies converge towards finding resources to underpin a fair school, in the pursuit of a broader school transformation and in the emancipation of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Pensares em Revista is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The essay analyzes how F. Hayek’s economic proposal is fundamental for Bolsonarism in Brazil. It examines aspects of Hayek’s according to his statements about Brazilian politics in the 1970s. It introduces two of those responsible for Hayek’s popularization in Brazil, and then examines how the theoretical principles of Liberty are inconsistent with its actual practices. It shows how this conception of Freedom is essential for Bolsonarism to propose a general privatization of relationships as a safeguard for a protected personal sphere and a basis for the foundation of a new politics.

The editorial highlights the importance of diversity of themes and approaches in History, advocating for students' freedom of choice and interdisciplinarity. The text emphasizes the need for a complete professional and intellectual education, addressing Oral History, Public History, and Social Movements in the Present Time. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of thematic plurality in the Journal Territórios & Fronteiras, valuing the diversity of knowledge and the dissemination of knowledge. The editor-in-chief, Carlile Lanzieri Júnior, expresses gratitude to the collaborators and emphasizes the importance of institutional and democratic stability in challenging times. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Anuario Electrónico de Estudios en Comunicación Social 'Disertaciones' is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Thesis Juris is the property of Revista Thesis Juris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to explore the notion of freedom as an ontologically untransferable part of human natural right. We are not speaking of the full freedom of the sage, which few possess prevalently, but of a freedom to think imaginatively, according to one's own temperament, one's own disposition, and not merely according to the ruler's temperament, even though the ruler has the power to define what is just and pious. We will examine the ontological foundations of this kind of freedom, as well as its political consequences depicted in the final chapter of Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise. This freedom to opine, a necessary consequence of human nature, is accompanied by the requirement to share opinions with others, a requirement that grows as the individual's virtue grows. Thus, as embryonic active affects operate in the mind, the untransferable part of this freedom expands in a virtuous movement that limits the ruler's power to suppress the public expression of opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following text addresses some problems relating to freedom of teaching and speech, a topic discussed in depth in the twentieth chapter of Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise, and specifically addressed in other passages of his work. I am interested in relating freedom of teaching and speech to the right of resistance (as we can understand it in Spinoza's work) in three moments: a preamble, which presents the line of interpretation that is developed in the article and connect the problems; a second part, in which I deal with the problem of interpretation and the theological and political meanings of teaching; finally, a third part, in which the determinations of teaching are connected to the politically constitutive reality of the right to resistance. At the end, there is a small conclusion that points out directions for the research of which this article is part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of abortion has been defended by many these days, including some Brazilian evangelicals, due to their understanding that it is matter of personal liberty which they feel should permit each one to decide what to do with their own bodies. They understand abortion to be an option of the pregnant woman and her circle of counselors, and not the right to life of the unborn child in the uterus which is not even considered to be a human being. Both science and religion hold a clear and firm position in regard to abortion, and both agree that abortion is the murder of an innocent victim regardless of what period of the pregnancy the abortion is performed. Instead of opting for abortion, the true liberty of the mother would not be in controlling of her sexual desires, and therefore choosing moral conduct which would consider the ethics and well-being of everyone involved, including the unborn child? True liberty would really only exist if it did not destroy other liberties of equal value in an ethically organized society. In summary--each human being has the right to life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Organizações em Contexto is the property of Revista Organizacoes em Contexto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text presents the third edition of the Unisinos Philosophy Magazine in 2024, with articles on identities and social diversity, evolution, epistemicism, resentment, progress, sympathy, antipredicative recognition, pacifism, human rights, virtue, education, ontic vagueness, freedom, concept of god, space, and translations. The articles address various philosophical themes, such as Kropotkin's evolutionary theory, Adorno's critique of freedom in Kant, and Nietzsche's vitalist pedagogy. The magazine highlights the importance of philosophical debate and thanks the contributors and reviewers for the quality of the production. [Extracted from the article]

This article addresses the controversy created by the public reconfiguration of medical Cannabis in Brazil. The play character Antigone is borrowed to make sense of this transformation, reconstructed based on activist manifestations, especially of patients and their families. Public insurgent declarations emerge against prohibitionist legal provisions, referred to by the activists themselves as "peaceful civil disobedience,' under a moral key that breaks with the language of individual freedom, articulating notions of duty and necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the freedom to desire and how different individuals have different conceptions of freedom. The author highlights the importance of recognizing the desires, choices, and wills of others, even if they are not considered "good" or "healthy" by researchers. The text also mentions Moisés Lino e Silva's research on freedom for LGBT people in the Rocinha favela in Rio de Janeiro, and how freedom is experienced in a complex and contradictory way. The author emphasizes the need to understand the desires of interlocutors and how they influence their lives. [Extracted from the article]

The article addresses the relationship between literature and teaching, highlighting the tension between poetry and pedagogy. The invited authors, Eduardo Horta Nassif Veras and Tiago Guilherme Pinheiro, discuss the delegitimization of the space of literary practice in educational institutions and the need to rethink the role of literature in teaching. They propose a pedagogical approach that values reflection, criticism, and the construction of knowledge from literature, as opposed to a traditional and static view of literary teaching. The importance of literary pedagogy in the context of emancipation and pedagogical reason is highlighted, with references to the ideas of Jacques Rancière and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, who advocate for a less authoritarian approach to democracy in literary education. [Extracted from the article]

The present work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the possible impacts of the physical conditions of juvenile detention units on the implementation of the educational principle. The research is carried out using the deductive method and starts from an analysis of the legal situation of detained adolescents, seeking to understand what the purposes of the measure are, and how the educational principle should be understood and inserted in this context. It also addresses understandings about the pedagogical or educational process and its relationship with the environment in which the student finds himself. The lack of adequate structural conditions in the units, as well as in the case of overcrowding, represents an important obstacle to the educational principle and the full protection of the rights of adolescents who are complying with measures with restrictions on their freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the interrelationship between two essential concepts: information mediation and communicative competence. It emphasizes that information mediation, when viewed as a learning process, plays a significant role in promoting communicative competence and facilitating collaboration between information professionals and informational subjects. The research conducted in this context is of a qualitative and theoretical nature, employing bibliographic research as the methodological approach of the reconstructive method. The text is based on authors specialized in the field of information mediation, such as Almeida Júnior (2009, 2015, 2018), who explores concepts such as information appropriation and proto-information, and González de Goméz (2003), who investigates information action. In addition, the text incorporates the contributions of Habermas (1980, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1997, 2009), whose theories on communicative competence and communicative reasons are widely recognized. The research results emphasize theoretical perspectives that highlight the empowerment of individuals through the construction of discourse, dialogue, and solid justifications. This implies that information mediation can empower people, allowing them to participate in well-informed and well-founded discussions. The connections between information mediation and communicative competence become evident through the process of interaction and interpretation. This means that effective communication is not limited to mere information transmission; it also involves mutual understanding and proper interpretation of messages. The text highlights the importance of cultural influences in building the information and communication environment in social contexts, focusing on the informational environment. In summary, the text argues that information mediation plays a fundamental role in the development of communicative competence and in the promotion of individual emancipation. Furthermore, it suggests that future research should explore the relationships between communicative and informational approaches, both in the theoretical (epistemological) and practical (praxiological) levels, in order to enhance information mediation, making it more critical and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ensino em Artes, Moda e Design is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article, bound to a project funded by the Research Support Foundation of Minas Gerais, addresses the theoretical-methodological contribution of Antonio Gramsci to the research on the project of the bourgeois class for public education. In this sense, the article i) highlights the author's contribution to knowledge production and its purpose; ii) points out the central concepts for the analysis of the mentioned object; iii) presents examples of the performance of the bourgeoisie to order the schooling of the working class. Emphasizing that education needs to be addressed concerning hegemony, the article alludes that the topicality of Gramsci's thought also lies in the definition of elements for the construction of the anti-capitalist project of education committed to human emancipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to expose the contradictions surrounding the defense that the inclusive school is equivalent to the Unitary School proposed by Gramsci (2001). The exhibition is based on the analysis of the book Gramsci and Special Education (Melo; Rafante; Gomes, 2019), in which a series of arguments are recorded that equate Special Education from an inclusive perspective with the Unitary School. For the analysis, in addition to the aforementioned book, we started from the post in Notebook 12 on the Unitary School (Gramsci, 2001). Given the authors' arguments about Special Education from an inclusive perspective and the Unitary School in Gramsci (2001), we conclude that the authors take Gramsci's contributions from a post-structuralist bias, disregarding the Marxist-Leninist theoretical-methodological basis, the analysis of the class struggle and the role of education in the fight for another model of society. Finally, we conclude that the association between the concept of Unitary School and the inclusive school is a mistake, given that the latter is not sufficient to structurally guarantee human emancipation of students from special education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present and discuss what the future means as seen by adolescents in compliance with the socio-educational measure of deprivation of liberty. It also intends to reflect on the Individual Assistance Plan (PIA), an instrument for forecasting, recording and managing socioeducational activities as a mediating methodology for political engagement in the socio-educational community. The theoretical references are circumscribed in Michel Foucault's biopolitical conception, in the Indian Gayatri Spivak's subalternity and in Paulo Freire's empowerment as a social activity. After a presentation of the theoretical foundation and the methodological aspects, the results obtained in two research projects - in which the narratives of adolescents about the territory of socio-education were discussed, in a qualitative perspective - will be presented. In conclusion, the PIA proves to be an instrument capable of promoting emancipatory political actions in the lives of adolescents in compliance with socio-educational measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thesis analyzes the conditions and possibilities of emancipation at work through a study carried out over five years in the oil ports of Fos and Lavera. It is based on an ergological approach to respond to the company's needs and implement a policy of primary prevention of psychosocial risks. Afterwards, by expanding the field of intervention and introducing "dialogue interviews", the thesis argues that emancipation at work is not only possible but is essential for the well-being of workers. Therefore, an alternative perspective to that of suffering and alienation at work is proposed. The results of this research lie at the intersection of methodological, philosophical and political domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the discussion of urbanization and urban property from a Marxist perspective is approached through an examination of the general determinants of social existence, or ontology. From this standpoint, the process of alienation between the individual inhabiting space, the production of space, and the conceptualization of space within capitalism is scrutinized. Throughout the evolution of societies, there is an inquiry into how social practices and reproductive processes have detached inhabitants from self-determining their spatial surroundings. To accomplish this, the analysis draws upon philosophical texts and Marx's seminal work, Das Kapital, alongside interpretations of his writings that advocate for a dual-layered critique within the author's framework. This critique extends to encompass both theoretical constructs and the societal practices that are either reproduced or legitimized by these theories. The objective of this article is to contribute to the discourse on urban property, aligning with the perspectives of Lefebvre (2013) and Lukács (2012), and maintaining a critical scientific stance towards conventional urbanism, recognizing it as a restriction on human freedoms. Conversely, it explores the alternatives presented by Marxism to reconsider inhabitation in a manner that fosters emancipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article aims to analyze the female political protagonism in the play Mariana Pineda by Federico García Lorca, analyzing the political and historical overlaps presented in the work. This literary work stands out because it presents a strong female role in social and political agitated moments in the Spanish History. This research rescues the role and performance of women in literature in a troubled period of Spanish history, as well as revisiting facts that led the author to produce a work that highlighted a woman's fight for freedom and equality. The analysis of the work allowed us to identify that in Mariana Pineda, despite the protagonist being in love, she engages in the political fight because of her belief in a revolutionary ideal. The author made his writing a place to denounce the injustices experienced by the nineteenth-century Spanish women and a place to highlight their fights and demands as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes to discuss the representation of the voice of childhood, from a diachronic perspective, considering the signs of a change that has occurred when comparing the colonial and post-independence periods, in the African context. To this end, we begin by reading the work A Cidade e a Infância, by the Angolan author Luandino Vieira, published in 1957, to arrive at the analysis of the novel Quem me dera ser onda, by the also Angolan writer Manuel Rui, published in 1982. Observe-It is clear that, in this period of time between the two works, childhood was elevated to a place of enunciative protagonism, which indicates an update of the concepts of childhood that highlight aspects of both decoloniality, because it gives voice to a systematically silenced group, and decoloniality, because it constitutes a discourse of insurgency and emancipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study we present here consists of a critical-analytical reading of the protagonists of two novels by Sara Beirão. The relationship with letters was an important step for Portuguese women, a path that gradually enabled them to achieve the exercise of their rights and the presentation of their potential, characteristics that overcame many impositions of patriarchal ideology over the centuries. The works Sozinha (1940) and Destinos (1955) allow, in their plots, to highlight the importance of education for female emancipation, whether, at the time, partial or total. It is possible, therefore, to demonstrate that education is the main instrument of raising awareness for changing a society. In these two narratives, we see that it is through reading and formal education that the individual becomes more aware of their place and finds their voice in society, thus being able to actively contribute to the equality of rights that has always been sought, notably through feminist struggles. We use literary theory and criticism, as well as the theoretical contributions of Ana de Castro Osório (1905), Andradina Oliveira (2007), Constância Lima Duarte (1987), Irene Vaquinhas (2000), Manuela Tavares (2008), among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary scenario, the critical power of the social sciences has come under challenge. On the one hand, democracy is acknowledged as an agonistic arena (Mouff e) where consensus might mean its demise. On the other hand, the fragmentation of demands weakens democratic achievements, undermining the concept of emancipation. To understand this, we focus on feminisms and their approaches to the emancipatory content of identity politics. We discuss the dangers of conflating the affirmation of identities with the term "identitarianism," which, in complicity with essentialisms, poses a risk of extremisms. In other perspective, we seek to demonstrate how criticism, in an ecumenical sense, does not generate an antagonism between emancipation and identity, presenting the diversity of arguments from feminist critical theory to post-structuralist feminism and black feminisms that have never been so eloquent. Finally, we propose "listening" as a foundational condition for those who intend to self-identify as part of the project of critical theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to build an aesthetic, political and cultural dialogue between two works of black literature of female authorship produced in Brazil, in a very interesting genre that is the collection, in which one observes a spraying of voices around texts written in escrevivências and ancestral meetings. The chosen books are: Coletânea de literatura feminina Negra Louva Deusas" (2012) and De Zacimbas a Suelys: Coletânea Afro-Tons de expressões artísticas de mulheres negras no Espírito Santo (2017). Following the circulation of both works and artists, we realized that these publications figured as a possibility to present and disseminate new writers, but we also realized the arising of subjective and economical emancipation, in a becoming that is artistic and of confrontation to a reality of oppression and violence, in the (re)signification of spaces, producing sharing in multiple voices and contacts for ancestry strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the observation that the word "surrealism" is commonly used in confusing, contradictory or suspicious meanings, this article sets out to clarify the essential principles of the movement. It begins by quoting a passage from the 1924 Manifesto, in which André Breton already distinguished the spirit and the letter of surrealism. It then looks at two questions: who can call himself a surrealist? And what does it mean to be surrealist?, in order to then elucidate the distinction between being a surrealist and appearing to be surrealist. Next, it studies the historical limits of the surrealist movement and points out the eternal values with which surrealism identifies itself: love, freedom and poetry. In summary, the article shows that a rigorous definition of the letter of surrealism allows us to specify its spirit even more freely, as well as to locate the surrealist movement historically. By way of conclusion, the author closes with some personal comments on surrealism, in which he situates himself as a militant of the movement, from 1964 to 1969, as a writer and as a defender of the surrealist spirit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a reflection on texts written throughout the 20th century in different social, cultural, and literary spaces, but which have relationships that are either divergent or contiguous. Thus Massak (1986), a play by Guyanese writer Elie Stéphenson, is related to Le Nègre du Gouverneur (1972), a narrative by Serge Patient, another Guyanese writer. Both have in common a legendary character from French Guiana, the African D'Chimbo. I will start by briefly discussing this character and Serge Patient's narrative, and then introduce Massak, who stages the episode of the revolt of the Maroons in French Guiana. I will then mention “Que foi o Quilombo dos Palmares” (What was Quilombo dos Palmares, 1956), an essay by the surrealist poet Benjamin Péret, to recall the proximity between marronage and the Palmares revolt, its defense of freedom without concessions, opposed in every way to black assimilation. Finally, I will comment on how the options of freedom and absolute non-conformism appear in the text of André Breton’s Manifesto of Surrealism (1924). The defense of these two options is evident both in the trajectory of the authors concerned and in their texts and, even today, seems to be fundamental for the histories and literatures of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "PEDAGOGY OF FREEDOM: reflections on Paulo Freire's critical education" discusses the work of Paulo Freire, "Education as the practice of freedom", highlighting the importance of critical and liberating education. The text addresses the relationship between Freire's pedagogy and the historical context, emphasizing the need for an education that promotes the free and critical participation of students. Freire proposes an active and democratic method, based on dialogue and conscientization, aiming at social transformation and the construction of a more just and egalitarian society. [Extracted from the article]

The analysis of learning assessment aligned with the life projects of each individual aims to comprehend dialogical assessment in the context of emancipation and feedback in Biology teaching and learning in Adult Education. And as a problem: Is it feasible to develop evaluative practices from a dialogical, emancipatory perspective that allows for the feedback of the teaching-learning process in Adult Education, specifically in Biology? Grounded in critical pedagogy, focusing on Freire, and dialogical assessment by Romão, we methodologically structured a theoretical bibliographic-reflective study. Emphasizing Freirean pedagogy for social transformation, we highlight dialogical assessment as a facilitator of learning between educators and learners, emphasizing the connection between generative themes and Biology with personal experiences. The conclusion is that the dialogical approach, coupled with emancipation, has the potential to promote transformative and inclusive learning, emerging as an effective strategy in the feedback loop of Biology learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pensares em Revista is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to problematize the issue of security in Hobbes. To do so, we discuss the function of fear as a fundamental element to obtain a comfortable life. In this way, it becomes necessary to demonstrate the link between fear and instrumental reason as a fundamental requirement in obtaining the adequate means for the establishment of security as a guarantee of those things that are necessary for the establishment of a comfortable life. The hypothesis that is intended to be evidenced concerns that according to which the attainment of the comfortable life necessarily depends on the instrumental calculation of the causes and consequences of fear in relation to the expectation of attaining security. Using, therefore, the argument of the fear of violent death, the necessity of the necessary requirements for a comfortable life is related to freedom compatible with security and the conditions of well-being of the people. Thus, the security with which Hobbes is concerned is security in view of a comfortable life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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