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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Meta: Avaliação is the property of Revista Meta: Avaliacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Lusofona de Educacao is the property of Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, CEIEF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista da Micro e Pequena Empresa is the property of Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Tecnologia Aplicada is the property of Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze the factors that influence the traceability process in the materials and sterilization center. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative study carried out in a private general hospital located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample included 209 checklist records and working documents that were available in physical form and released in the quality management system, where the information was analyzed using the technique of descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency. Results: Between July 2019 and June 2020, 115,119 health products were sterilized, ranging from 9,287 to 9,932 / month, with an average of 9,593 (± 221.6). The non-compliance rate in the period was 0.08%. Regarding the factors that influenced traceability, the changed or incorrect label (32.6%), violated packaging (21.7%) and unidentified health products (18.4%) stand out. Conclusion: Although the rate of non-compliance attributed to the traceability process is low, it was possible to raise the factors that influence this step and impact the processing of health products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the relations between the UN and Bolsonaro government in 2019 in the scope of foreign policy - considering the importance that the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) has for the Armed Forces and the international projection of Brazil. The methodology used in this article consists of bibliographical research relating primary and secondary materials (theses, articles, and dissertations) with recent journalistic material on federal management. The result found in this article demonstrates that, despite the divergence between sectors of the federal government regarding the directions of Brazilian foreign policy, due to issues of realignment at the international level, the approximation of the viability of relations with the UN through peace missions it's not present in the plans of the Executive and the Armed Forces, although the military has prestige for this type of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The university professor's journey is based on four pillars: teaching, research, extension and management. Thus, these pillars are materialized in many products, including projects, reports, articles, abstracts, theoretical essays, production of teaching material, which may require specific advice to better deal with such an extensive academic-university production. Thus, the general objective of this study is to verify whether university professors have the need for remote assistance for their academic and administrative activities. The theoretical approach centered on virtual advice and on the university professor's work period, and the research is of a qualitative approach, with the application of a questionnaire to 26 professors from various parts of Brazil. The data analysis techniques were content analysis and frequency distribution. The results show that teachers have been involved with the four pillars of the academy, with teaching and research being the most detached and that there are possibilities for hiring virtual advisory services for academic demands, mainly in document management/filing, preparation/review pedagogical materials and e-mail management. Soon, this field of remote work being a possibility to be explored by the secretarial professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim: Analysis of the use of ophthalmic instruments during surgical procedures in order to propose a material management method. Method: Mixed method study, sequential exploratory design, performed from January to June 2015, at a university hospital in southern Brazil. First, a qualitative approach was held from brainstorming and field observation. Themes were grouped into thematic categories. By connection, the quantitative stage happened through matrix arrangement and linear programming, culminating in the instrument management proposal. Results: Given categories - instruments reorganization according to the time of the surgical procedure and the need surgical instruments for in each procedure - guided the definition of existing restrictions and application of mathematical models. There was an average reduction of 13.10% in the number of surgical instruments per tray and an increase of 17.88% in surgical production. Final considerations: This proposal allowed the rationalization and optimization of ophthalmic instruments, favoring sustainability of the organization.

This paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of materials and heritage management in the public sector, focusing on logistical and administrative processes, which permeate this theme and play a strategic role in the use of financial, temporal and human resources. Therefore, project sectors were analyzed, shopping and warehouse of a Supporting Foundation to a university located south of Minas Gerais. This foundation manages the financial resources of the projects in force at the university, being responsible for the acquisition, receipt, storage and distribution of consumables and permanent goods requested by the project coordinators. As for the methodology, a descriptive qualitative approach was adopted. Data collection was carried out through direct and participant observation for six months, between the months of June and December 2017, and subsequently, interviews were conducted with members of the sectors studied, using the content analysis technique to analyze the results. data collected Throughout the research it was noticed that logistics in the public sector is not a very studied area, being often placed at an inferior level compared to other topics, which directly impacts the efficiency of the service provided. Therefore, the work is expected to help raise awareness of the importance of materials and heritage management for the maintenance and efficiency of public institutions' activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify the perception and knowledge of professionals related to the area of business logistics in relation to the importance of humanitarian logistics and emergency services. To this end, he interviewed professors and coordinators of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the areas of Business Administration, Mechanical Engineering, Production Engineering, Logistics Technological Courses, as well as business consultants in the area of Logistics / Materials Management, Board Counselors (CRA), Councilors of the Regional Engineering Council (CREA), in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) for the application of interviews and poetry to measure on the topic Humanitarian Logistics and Emergency Services. As interviews from February to July 2017 came with open questions. There are no comments on this subject. in the curriculum, four (4) teachers and three (3) business consultants. Throughout the article data are given on the research, other reasons for not knowing the subject, as well as some proposals for further dissemination of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to analyze the warehouse sector of an IFES in order to propose improvements that can be applied to the storage of materials by an IFES warehouse sector, with the aid of quality management tools. Therefore, the methodology consisted of a qualitative approach of applied nature, as the objective is classified as exploratory and the procedure adopted is the case study. The data collection techniques applied were bibliographic survey, documentation, and unstructured interview. For data analysis we used document analysis, Ishikawa diagram and 5W3H tool. The diagnosis made through process mapping and Ishikawa diagram diagram showed that the Warehouse has flaws in its management routines because it does not adopt methods widely used in studies related to materials management in the area literature as well as normative instruction. from the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospital units are fundamental to the health of society and the efficient management of their resources enables a greater demand to be met, from the provision of a greater number of beds, provision of medications and the capacity of professionals in an appropriate manner. Material management in hospitals represents a major driver of operations in a unit, due to capillarity with other areas and the cost associated with its management. The methodology of the work initially considered the diagnosis of the critical areas of the Hospital, selection of sectors and the structuring of activities for the application of lean tools and techniques. As a result, the sectors of pharmacy, nursing station, surgical centre, delivery room and emergency room of the Maternity Hospital were contemplated, where the use of visual management, Kanban system, 5s and the medication identification by colour, it was possible to reduce error rates in meeting requests, formulation of measures to combat waste in the preparation of medication, improvements in the productivity of health professionals and development of indicators for hospital management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the experience of coping and changing the demands of nurses working in a Emergency Care Unit that has consolidated itself as a reference unit for screening patients affected by COVID-19. Method: a descriptive study, in the experience report modality, about the experience of nursing assistants working in a Emergency Care Unit. Results: the nurses in this report assumed a leadership role in the team at the Emergency Care Unit, in order to continuously manage both technical aspects and supply management, with an emergency plan to ensure the preparation and safety of the nursing workforce. Therefore, it was necessary for these professionals to empower themselves with knowledge, so that it was possible to conduct training and qualifications with their own teams. Conclusion: the reported experience shows that, even in critical periods for the health system as determined by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to make changes and adaptations necessary to the moment. In addition, the crisis demonstrates that nurses are more than frontline workers, but they are also the ones who take the lead to make the changes happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the structure of the Basic Health Units (UBS) regarding the material resources, drugs and supplies in leprosy care. Methodology: study conducted in 45 UBS of a municipality in the metropolitan region of Cariri, Ceará. It was applied form, type checklist divided into blocks: material resources, medicines and supplies. Results: Specific materials such as Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were not available in all units. As for the printed form, in 98% of the UBS, there was a leprosy notification / investigation form. Regarding medicines for treatment, the units had only adult therapeutic regimens and BCG vaccine was available in 38% of them. Conclusion: the UBS evaluated have insufficient resources, weakening the service offered by primary care to users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Administração da UEG is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Analisar as notificações de queixas técnicas em tecnovigilância em hospital universitário público. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital universitário público. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio do levantamento das notificações de queixas técnicas de inconformidades relacionadas a materiais médico-hospitalares utilizados na área da saúde e submetidas ao Sistema de Notificação e Investigação em Vigilância Sanitária (Notivisa). Os dados foram transcritos e tabulados no programa de análise estatística Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0. Resultados: Dentre as 207 notificações, 83,70% relacionavam-se a alterações do próprio produto, destas, 97,10% apresentavam suspeita de desvio de qualidade e os produtos mais notificados foram o equipo (33,80%), a seringa (8,20%) e a luva (8,20%). Quanto à classificação de risco, 72,00% apresentaram médio risco e 4,80% risco máximo a saúde. Conclusão: As notificações analisadas foram, em sua maioria, de produtos médico-hospitalares amplamente utilizados nos serviços de saúde, colocando em risco a segurança do paciente. Assim, notificar as falhas possibilita identificar problemas antes de causar danos, contribuindo com a vigilância pós-mercado. ===================================== Objective: To analyze the notifications of technical complaints in technical surveillance at a public university hospital. Methods: cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study of quantitative approach, performed at a public university hospital. Data were collected through a survey of notifications of technical complaints of non-conformities related to medical and hospital supplies used in health care, subject to the system of Notification and Research in Health Surveillance (Notivisa). Data were transcribed and tabulated in the statistical analysis program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: among the 207 notifications, 83.70% were related to changes in the product itself; from these, 97.10% were related to alleged quality deviation. The most notified products were the equipment (33.80%), the syringe (8.20%) and the sleeve (8.20%). As for the risk classification, 72.00% were medium risk and 4.80% were maximum risk to health. Conclusion: The analyzed reports were mostly related to medical products widely used in health care, which endangers patient safety. Notifying failures would therefore help identifying problems before they cause damage, contributing to post-market surveillance.

The present article attempts to attract some of the main factors that influence the performance of the supply chain (PCS) in small and mediumsized industries (PMP), located in the Circuit das Águas Paulista, about 150 KM from São Paulo Capital. The document also strives to obtain the degree of perception on the companies' point of view of the supply chain, in relation to the aspects experienced in practice, and to the higher levels of importance, through the selection of actions. This helps to identify the main problems in terms of alignment and integration, in order to strengthen the relationship between theory and practice. By helping to identify the main problems in terms of alignment and integration to narrow the current gap between theory and practice. For this, four categories are studied: Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP), Collaborative Material Management, Production Planning and Control (PCP) and Risk Management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: describe storage conditions for sterile products Sterilized Material Centers of large hospitals. Methodology: We conducted a study of quantitative approach, between May and September 2013 in ten hospitals. For data collection was used a structured questionnaire and analyzes using descriptive statistics. Results: the packaging of the medical device is given in closed cabinets (60%), with washable lining (100%), with control of relative humidity and air temperature. The control of the expiry date of the products mentioned in all material and sterilization centers and transport in exclusive cars by 80%; 30% did not have exclusive physical area for sterile products, storing them together with non-sterile materials. Conclusion: There is a need for greater attention to the storage of the product for health and compliance with current legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To gain knowledge on the demographic and professional profile of workers at the Emergency Department and to assess their knowledge about the price of medicines, materials, procedures and other issues of medical care included in the Integrated Care Rate (ICR). Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory and prospective study using a quantitative approach. The sample was composed of 123 subjects: 32 (26%) physicians, 30 (24.4%) registered nurses, and 61 (49.6%) Nursing technicians working at the Emergency Department during the study period. Rresults: A total of 102 subjects (85%) were aged less than 40 years. Most physicians (24) were male (75%) and registered nurses (28) were predominantly female (93%); among Nursing technicians (61) there was a balance: 50% of each sex. Many staff members (49, 40%) had been working for two years or less at the ED. Distribution of correct and wrong answers regarding the unit price of materials, medicines and procedures was similar, irrespective of profession. The correct answers by registered nurses corresponded to 82.2, 92.7 and 64.9%; by physicians, to 47.9, 78.5 and 46.2%; and by Nursing technicians, to 80.8, 92 and 58% regarding materials, medicines and procedures, respectively. Cconclusions: The activity follow-up enables an assessment and interpretation of present data to introduce corrective actions aiming at continuous improvement.

Modern management, beyond its administrative components--planning, organizing, directing and control--requires a combination of knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors, such as leadership, performance management, strategic thinking and planning, negotiation, communication, human resource management and continual improvement, reflected on the intervention of head nurses. This article presents a part of a study developed in the PhD in nursing. Objective: To know the opinion of the directors of nurses from five hospitals in northern Portugal, in the areas of intervention of the head nurses. Method: This is a qualitative study in which a semi - structured interview to directors of nurses was used. Data processing was performed using content analysis according to Bardin. Results: it is highlighted the convergence of views of respondents around care management, human resource management, materials and projects; strategic planning; nursing education; research and science. Conclusions: The head nurse is seen as a structural element in managing a care unit and driving force of development of care quality, professionals and services, making it essential to have a greater commitment in training these professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudo estimou o custo médio direto total de alguns fatores produtivos (recursos materiais) como material de consumo, dietas, medicamentos e soluções utilizados por dois grupos de pacientes internados no Programa Interdisciplinar de Internação Domiciliar de Marília-SP. A amostra foi constituída de 27 pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e 18 com neoplasia. Os dados foram coletados do momento da internação até a saída do Programa. O custo médio direto total foi de R$ 52,72 para cada paciente com AVC e de R$ 65,13 para aqueles com neoplasia. Para ambos os grupos de pacientes, a subcategoria de material - dietas - respondeu, em termos de custos, pelo maior percentual.Este estudio estimó el promedio del costo directo total de algunos factores productivos (recursos materiales), tales como material de consumo, dietas, medicamentos y soluciones usados por dos grupos de pacientes durante el periodo de internación en el Programa Interdisciplinario de Internación Domiciliaria desarrollado en el municipio de Marilia-SP, Brasil. La muestra se constituyó de 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de accidente vascular cerebral (AVC) y 18 pacientes con diagnóstico de Neoplasia. Los datos fueron recopilados desde el momento de la internación hasta la salida del Programa. El promedio del costo directo total correspondió a R$ 52,72 para los pacientes con AVC y R$ 65,13 para aquellos con Neoplasia. Para ambos grupos, la subcategoría de material - dieta fue responsable por el mayor porcentual de los costos.This study estimated the mean total direct cost of some production factors (material resources), including consumption materials, diets, medication and solutions used by two patient groups during hospitalization in the Interdisciplinary Home Hospitalization Program (PROIID) of Marília-SP, Brazil. The sample consisted of 27 patients with a diagnosis of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) and 18 with Neoplasm. Data were collected from the moment of hospitalization until the patients left the program. The mean total direct cost amounted to R$ 52.72 for each patient with CVA and of R$ 65.13 for those with Neoplasm. For both patient groups, the sub-category of material - diets accounted for the highest percentage of costs.

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa is the property of Administracao: Ensino e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of JBES: Brazilian Journal of Health Economics / Jornal Brasileiro de Economia da Saúde is the property of JBES: Brazilian Journal of Health Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudo compara métodos de administração de sistemas de estoques de bens de varejo não perecíveis, considerando o caso de perda de venda. Diversos métodos, baseados em modelos com diferentes hipóteses, são testados em ambientes caracterizados por comportamento da demanda e relações entre custos, entre outras características. A análise baseou-se numa simulação que avaliou o comportamento do sistema a cada intervalo de tempo num certo horizonte. O programa utilizado contém módulos para projeção de demanda baseada em suavizamento exponencial, cálculos físicos e econômicos e cálculo dos parâmetros de cada um dos métodos. Os métodos baseados em modelos de revisão periódica e demanda probabilística mostraram-se mais adequados do que os baseados, respectivamente, em revisão contínua e demanda determinística, assim como os que adotam lead-times máximos sobrepujaram os que adotam lead-times médios. Os desempenhos relativos dos métodos não foram afetados por alterações na aleatoriedade da demanda. Os métodos que operam baseados na projeção da demanda de vários períodos à frente mostraram-se mais eficazes do que os demais quando há picos de demanda, embora, nas demais situações (demanda estável, crescente ou decrescente, sem sazonalidade ou com sazonalidade suave no curto prazo), estes métodos sejam equiparáveis aos métodos baseados em revisão periódica e demanda estável ao longo do tempo.This study compares inventory system management methods for non-perishable retail goods considering the lost sales case. Several methods, based upon models with different assumptions, are tested in environments with characteristics defined on the basis of demand pattern, relations among inventory costs and others. The analysis was made using a simulation software that evaluates the system performance at each period of time in a given time span. The software contains procedures for demand forecasting based upon exponential smoothing, for physical and economic accounting and for determination of the parameters of each management method. The methods based upon periodic review models and probabilistic demand outperformed, respectively, continuous review and deterministic demand models. Besides, the methods that adopt maximun lead-times outperformed those that adopt mean lead-times. The comparative performances of the methods were not affected by changes in demand randomness. The methods that forecast the demand of various periods ahead outperformed the others when there are peaks in demand, but in environments with other demand patterns (steady, increasing or decreasing demand, without seasonality or with smooth seasonality in the short time) similar results were yielded by these methods and those based upon periodic review and steady demand.

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Public Health / Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública is the property of Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública - Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)