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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-27T21:15:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ERIVALDO GENUÍNO LIMA - TESE (PPGEQ) 2017.pdf: 3180376 bytes, checksum: d01c9d5a44e6812cfd719a5ce7cab9e6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T21:15:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ERIVALDO GENUÍNO LIMA - TESE (PPGEQ) 2017.pdf: 3180376 bytes, checksum: d01c9d5a44e6812cfd719a5ce7cab9e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 Capes O trabalho teve como objetivo preparar um grupo de catalisadores heterogêneos e avaliá-los na reação de transesterificação do óleo de soja com metanol para produzir biodiesel. O método hidrotérmico em condições estáticas foi utilizado para sintetizar a zeólita mordenita sódica com composição molar 6Na2O: Al2O3: 30SiO2: 780H2O. A deposição do óxido de molibdênio foi realizada pelo método de impregnação por via úmida. Os catalisadores (VD, 8%MoO3/VD, NaMOR, 8%MoO3/NaMOR, HMOR e 8%MoO3/HMOR) foram caracterizados por DRX, FRX-ED, MEV, Adsorção física de N2, FTIR e TPD-NH3. A reação de transesterificação do óleo de soja foi conduzida em reator batelada sem agitação, durante tempos diferentes de reação (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 e 24 horas) a 200°C, utilizando uma relação soja/metanol de 1:12 e 5% de catalisador. O biodiesel foi caracterizado a partir da viscosidade cinemática, análise termogravimétrica, massa específica e índice de acidez. Os êxitos das sínteses das zeólitas mordenitas (NaMOR e HMOR) foram evidenciados pelas técnicas de DRX, FRX-ED e adsorção física de N2. Os padrões de difração de raios X da argila verde dura (VD) apresentaram picos característicos da estrutura que pertence ao grupo das esmectitas. Observou-se que a adição do molibidênio às amostras (NaMOR e HMOR) promove a redução na área superficial específica. Pela análise de Dessorção termoprogramada de NH3 os catalisadores apresentaram caracteristicas ácidas distintas, no caso dos catalisadores VD e 8%MoO3/VD apresentaram maior concentração de sítios ácidos fortes e uma pequena quantidade de sítios ácidos fracos, os catalisadores NaMOR e MoO3/NaMOR exibiram sítios de natureza fracos e médios e nos catalisados HMOR e MoO3/HMOR apresentaram picos em duas faixas de temperaturas com sítios ácidos fracos e fortes, podendo ser característicos de Brönsted e/ou Lewis. Os valores de viscosidade cinemática que mais se aproximaram da faixa exigida pela norma 45/2014 da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), foram com os tempos reacionais de 12 e 24 horas e catalisadores (8%MoO3/VD, 8%MoO3/NaMOR e 8%MoO3/HMOR). Na análise termogravimétrica dos biodieseis produzidos com 12 e 24 horas de reação, constatou-se a presença de duas regiões de perdas de massa, referente à volatilização dos ésteres metílicos e triglicerídeos não convertidos. Nos testes de massa específica e índice de acidez somente os catalisadores (8%MoO3/VD, 8%MoO3/NaMOR e 8%MoO3/HMOR) atenderam as especificações exigidas pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP). The objective of the work was to prepare a group of heterogeneous catalysts and to evaluate them in the reaction of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The hydrothermal method under static conditions was used to synthesize the sodium mordenite zeolite with molar composition 6Na2O: Al2O3: 30SiO2: 780H2O. The deposition of molybdenum oxide was carried out by the wet impregnation method. The catalysts (VD, 8% MoO3/VD, NaMOR, 8% MoO3/NaMOR, HMOR and 8% MoO3/HMOR) were characterized by DRX, FRX-ED, SEM, physical adsorption of N2, FTIR and TPD-NH3. The transesterification reaction of the soybean oil was conducted in a batch reactor without stirring during different reaction times (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours) at 200 °C using a soy/methanol ratio of 1:12 and 5% catalyst. Biodiesel was characterized by kinematic viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis, specific mass and acidity index. The successes of the mordenite zeolite syntheses (NaMOR and HMOR) were evidenced by the XRD, FRX-ED and N2 physical adsorption techniques. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the hard green clay (VD) showed characteristic peaks of the structure that belong to the group of smectites. It was observed that the addition of molybdenum to the samples (NaMor and HMOR) promotes the reduction in the specific surface area. In the case of the catalysts VD and 8% MoO3/VD presented higher concentration of strong acid sites and a small amount of weak acidic sites, the NaMOR and MoO3/NaMOR catalysts exhibited nature And weak and medium sites and HMOR and MoO3/HMOR catalysts showed peaks at two temperature ranges with weak and strong acid sites, which may be characteristic of Brönsted and / or Lewis. The kinematic viscosity values that most approached the range required by the 45/2014 standard of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) were with reaction times of 12 and 24 hours and catalysts (8% MoO3/VD, 8% MoO3/NaMOR and 8% MoO3/HMOR). In the thermogravimetric analysis of the biodiesel produced with 12 and 24 hours of reaction, it was verified the presence of two regions of mass loss, related to the volatilization of the methyl esters and unconverted triglycerides. In the tests of specific mass and acidity index only the catalysts (8% MoO3/VD, 8% MoO3/ NaMOR and 8% MoO3/HMOR) met the specifications required by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP).

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-09T13:11:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Cristina da Silva Lopes.pdf: 3117864 bytes, checksum: 398fb3e84e1b16247f7cc7afb1069541 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T13:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Cristina da Silva Lopes.pdf: 3117864 bytes, checksum: 398fb3e84e1b16247f7cc7afb1069541 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 Funda??o de Apoio a Pesquisa Cient?fica e Tecnol?gica da UFRRJ - FAPUR In the present dissertation it was conduced the study of the mesoporous mordenite production by the direct synthesis using hydrothermal media or dry gel convertion. Activated charcoal, starch, carboxymethylcellulose and carbon black were used as mesoporosity templating. To evaluate the effect of these templates, samples were prepared with molar composition of 20 SiO2: 1 Al2O3: 6 Na2O: 600 H2O, by hydrothermal synthesis and 20 SiO2: 1 Al2O3: 4 Na2O, by dry synthesis, following procedures described in the literature and adding different amounts of templates to the synthesis gel. As reagents for the synthesis gel assay, were utilized sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate, silica (Aerosil 200) and deionized water. The synthesis temperature was 175 ? C, while the synthesis time was 5 days and 3 days for the hydrothermal and dry method, respectively. For characterization of the samples was used X-ray diffraction (XRD), analysis by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements and determination of the acidity by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). An evaluation of the samples was carried out using the n-heptane cracking reaction at 380 ? C. By X-ray diffraction, it was observed that the majority of the experiments formated of mordenite phase. The textural properties, particularly the volume of mesopores, improved in most samples synthesized in the presence of the template, however, the values obtained were lower than those defined in the literature for mesoporous materials. The samples showed only a peak of ammonia adsorption in NH3-TPD profiles, related to weak acid sites. Most samples synthesized in the presence of drivers showed an increase in the conversion of n-heptane, while the samples obtained by dry gel convertion showed higher conversion than the hydrothermally synthesized. No presente trabalho foi realizado o estudo da produ??o de mordenita mesoporosa a partir da s?ntese direta, em meio hidrot?rmico e seco, na presen?a do carv?o ativado, amido, carboximetilcelulose e negro de fumo como direcionadores de mesoporosidade. Para avaliar o efeito desses direcionadores, foram preparadas amostras com composi??o molar de 20 SiO2: 1 Al2O3: 6 Na2O: 600 H2O, pela s?ntese hidrot?rmica e 20 SiO2: 1 Al2O3: 4 Na2O, pela s?ntese seca, seguindo os procedimentos descritos na literatura e adicionando quantidades diferentes dos direcionadores ao gel de s?ntese. Como reagentes para o gel de s?ntese, foram utilizados hidr?xido de s?dio, aluminato de s?dio, s?lica (aerosil 200) e ?gua deionizada. A temperatura de s?ntese foi de 175 ?C, enquanto o tempo de s?ntese foi de 5 dias e 3 dias, para o m?todo hidrot?rmico e seco, respectivamente. Para caracteriza??o das amostras usou-se difra??o de raios X (DRX), an?lise textural por medidas de adsor??o/dessor??o de nitrog?nio e determina??o da acidez por dessor??o de am?nia ? temperatura programada (TPD-NH3). Realizou-se a avalia??o catal?tica das amostras atrav?s da rea??o de craqueamento de n-heptano a 380 ?C. Pelos difratogramas de raios X, foi observado que na maioria dos experimentos ocorreu a forma??o da mordenita. As propriedades texturais, especialmente o volume de mesoporos, melhoraram na maioria das amostras sintetizadas na presen?a do direcionador, por?m, os valores obtidos foram inferiores aos definidos pela literatura para materiais mesoporosos. As amostras apresentaram apenas um pico de adsor??o de am?nia nos perfis de TPD-NH3, referentes aos s?tios ?cidos fracos. A maioria das amostras sintetizadas na presen?a dos direcionadores apresentou aumento na convers?o do n-heptano, sendo que as amostras obtidas por s?ntese em meio seco apresentaram maior convers?o do que as sintetizadas em meio hidrot?rmico.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2020-02-07T14:54:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bianca Pedroso Silva Santos.pdf: 2173155 bytes, checksum: 5d46b138b58dabbb6542c2bb91378912 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-07T14:54:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bianca Pedroso Silva Santos.pdf: 2173155 bytes, checksum: 5d46b138b58dabbb6542c2bb91378912 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 CAPES Mordenite samples were prepared by steam assisted conversion (SAC), by using different types of surfactants: (CTABr, Brij52, Brij58, F127, P123, SDS) as structure drivers for generating mesopores. For characterization of the produced samples were used the techniques of X ray diffraction (XRD), physical adsorption of N2 and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). The results indicate that the samples using CTABr showed significant mesoporosity confirmed by the increased volume of mesopores determined by BJH, maintaining the structure of mordenite as confirmed by XRD and the micropore volume. The total acidity of all samples was maintained, except in the sample that was added large amount of CTABr in which there was loss in crystallinity. Furthermore, were evaluated in a catalytic cracking reaction of n-heptane at a temperature of 380 ? C, samples of mesoporous mordenite showed high catalytic activity and decreased deactivation rate for this reaction. Amostras de mordenita foram preparadas atrav?s do m?todo de convers?o assistida por vapor (SAC), utilizando diferentes tipos de surfactantes: (CTABr, Brij52, Brij58, F127, P123, SDS) como direcionadores de estrutura para gerar mesoporos. Para caracteriza??o das amostras produzidas foram utilizadas as t?cnicas de difra??o de raios X (DRX), adsor??o/dessor??o de N2, dessor??o de NH3 ? temperatura programada (TPD-NH3). Os resultados indicaram que as amostras utilizando CTABr apresentaram mesoporosidade significativa, confirmada pelo aumento do volume de mesoporos determinados por BJH, mantendo a estrutura da mordenita, confirmada por DRX e pelo volume de microporos. A acidez total de todas as amostras foi mantida, exceto na amostra que houve adi??o de grande quantidade de CTABr no qual ocorreu perda na cristalinidade. Al?m disto, foram avaliadas cataliticamente em uma rea??o de craqueamento de n-heptano a temperatura de 380?C, as amostras de mordenita mesoporosa apresentaram alta atividade catal?tica e redu??o da taxa de desativa??o para essa rea??o.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important process in the petroleum refining industry, being responsible for the increase of the yield of the most valuable light hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the FCC process generates big amounts of CO, NOx and SOx emissions. The CO emissions from the most of pollution sources are abatement using noble metal based catalysts. However, the growing demand and scarcity of those metals have caused an increase in the process cost and consequently promoting studies to find alternative catalysts with comparable efficiency and lower in cost. In this respect, the literature had presented interesting results with transitions metal catalysts. Thus, the objective of this work was to prepare exchanged or impregnated Fe or Mn on H-mordenite or Ce-mordenite, which were evaluated between 150 and 550 oC in the CO oxidation with O2, in the presence or absence of interfering compounds (water steam or SO2). The catalysts were characterized by ICP-OES, DRX, DRS-UV-VIS and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that the preparation procedures of the interchanged or impregnated Fe or Mn catalysts were adequate, and no mordenite crystallinity loss was observed. Contrary to the exchanged Fe or Mn based catalysts, those based on impregnated Fe or Mn oxides showed a important potential as catalysts in the CO oxidation with O2. Then, in the applied operational conditions the Ce-MOR/Fe10, Ce-MOR/Mn5, Ce-MOR/Mn10 e H-MOR/Mn5 catalysts were able to produce an effluent with CO content lower than 500 ppm, which is the allowed limit by the environmental regulations related with FCC units. In the presence of water steam the evaluated Fe or Mn catalysts presented activity loss that was recovered after the elimination of that interfering from the feed. Nevertheless, in the presence of SO2, the tested catalysts showed an irreversible and significantly activity loss. O craqueamento catalítico fluido (FCC) é uma das etapas mais importantes no refino de petróleo, sendo responsável pelo aumento do rendimento em frações leves, de maior valor agregado. Por outro lado, o FCC é responsável na refinaria por uma grande parcela das emissões de monóxido de carbono (CO), óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx) e óxidos de enxofre (SOx). O CO, em particular, na maioria das fontes poluidoras é eliminado via oxidação sobre catalisadores à base de metais nobres. Porém, o aumento na demanda desses metais e sua baixa disponibilidade criam um forte impacto no custo do processo, surgindo a necessidade de buscar catalisadores alternativos, com eficiência comparável e de menor custo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar catalisadores à base de ferro ou manganês impregnados ou trocados em H-mordenita ou Ce-mordenita e avaliá-los entre 150 e 550 oC na oxidação de CO com oxigênio (O2), na ausência ou presença de compostos interferentes à reação como vapor de água e dióxido de enxofre (SO2). Os catalisadores foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de emissão atômica (ICP-OES), difração de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de reflectância difusa (DRS-UV-VIS), redução com H2 à temperatura programada (RTP-H2) e espectroscopia Mössbauer (MOSS). Os resultados mostraram que os procedimentos de preparação dos catalisadores, trocados ou suportados, foram eficientes, não se observando perda de cristalinidade da mordenita. Os catalisadores com óxidos de Fe ou Mn suportados na mordenita apresentaram um importante potencial para serem utilizados como catalisadores na oxidação de CO com O2, contrário ao que ocorreu com cátions de Fe ou Mn em sítios de troca. Assim, nas condições operacionais utilizadas, os catalisadores Ce-MOR/Fe10, Ce-MOR/Mn5, Ce-MOR/Mn10 e H-MOR/Mn5 foram capazes de converter CO suficiente para produzir um efluente gasoso com teor menor que 500 ppm de CO, sendo essa a concentração limite permitida pela legislação que rege as emissões de unidades FCC. Os catalisadores impregnados com Fe e Mn, quando avaliados na presença de vapor de água e de SO2, ocorreu perda da atividade, a que foi recuperada somente no caso do vapor de água.

This work proposes the study of heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 impregnated in zeolites beta, ZSM-5, mordenite, NaXb, NaXp and NaY for the decomposition of methylene blue. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, IR, textural analyses by N2 adsorption, SEM, DRS and the reaction of decomposition was monitored by UV visible. The results indicated that didnft have structural changes in the catalysts after Ti impregnations, only in the case of NaY and NaX zeolites. The better photocatalyst to metylene blue decomposition was beta/Ti zeolite due had one structure more accessible (with bigger porous) helping in TiO2 dispersion and catalytic active.

The effect of chromium on the catalytic properties of MCM-41 was evaluated in order to develop new catalysts for the trimethylbenzene transalkylation with benzene to produce ethylbenzene, a high-value aromatic in the industry. It was found that chromium decreases the specific surface area but increases the acidity, turning MCM-41 into an active and selective catalyst for ethylbenzene and toluene production. The coke produced on the catalyst is hydrogenated and mainly located outside the pores and thus can be easily removed. The catalyst is more active and selective than mordenite, a commercial catalyst, and thus more promising for commercial applications.

Zeolite catalysts have been extensively used in petroleum refining and the chemical industry although they are deactivated by coke deposition. In order to find the best condition to avoid deactivation, the coke formation on H-mordenite was studied in this work. The coke was produced during benzene transalkylation with C9+ aromatics, under several reaction conditions. It was found that hydrogenated coke was produced in all samples without affecting the selectivity of toluene and xylene formation. This is explained in terms of the mordenite structure and the presence of hydrogen.

p. 305-308,May/June. Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2011-12-15T12:12:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 15652.pdf: 189847 bytes, checksum: b388663e9c16522ddcfb8b2d2ab78673 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-15T12:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 15652.pdf: 189847 bytes, checksum: b388663e9c16522ddcfb8b2d2ab78673 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 Zeolite catalysts have been extensively used in petroleum refining and the chemical industry although they are deactivated by coke deposition. In order to find the best condition to avoid deactivation, the coke formation on H-mordenite was studied in this work. The coke was produced during benzene transalkylation with C9+ aromatics, under several reaction conditions. It was found that hydrogenated coke was produced in all samples without affecting the selectivity of toluene and xylene formation. This is explained in terms of the mordenite structure and the presence of hydrogen. São Paulo