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Introduction The current management of scaphoid pseudoarthrosis remains controversial, with a failure rate of up to 40% and no “gold standard” treatment. Based on innovative concepts about the osteogenic potential of cells from scaphoid pseudoarthrosis, encouraging results from increased vascularization by radial and ulnar metaphyseal decompression for Kienböck disease therapy and the advantages of minimal surgical trauma provided by percutaneous and arthroscopic techniques, we analyzed prospective outcomes from scaphoid pseudoarthrosis arthroscopic treatment with no bone graft (ATSPsWBG) to determine its feasibility. Materials and Methods Eighty-four non-union scaphoid prospectively treated for ATSPsWBG were evaluated. Patients had, on average, 32.42 years old. The dominant limb was affected in 77.5% of the cases (65 patients). Mean time from injury to surgical intervention was 20.57 months. Twenty-three fractures were initially treated conservatively with orthopedic cast for an average period of 6.3 weeks, including 17 already immobilized at the time of the visit. All patients were grouped according to the classification proposed by the authors (MC & DF), which is based on perioperative studies. Results Bone consolidation was obtained in 77 cases (91.66%) and documented by computed tomography (CT) scans. Seven cases presented no bone consolidation 9 months after the procedure, and four cases required a new surgery. In cystic pseudoarthrosis, the bone defect was filled with a new bone growth even when the cyst exceeded 10 mm. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scans revealed an unique pattern, documenting the biological effect of metaphyseal decompression, which is characterized by increased nonspecific irrigation of the radial column. Average postoperative pain assessed using the visual analog scale was 1.04 (range, 0 to 2). Average postoperative functional range was 65.3° for extension (range, 46° to 88°), 69.2° for flexion (range, 55° to 88°), 10.7° for radial deviation (range, 5° to 20°) and 26° for ulnar deviation (range, 20° to 37°). Average Mayo Clinic score was 95. Conclusion The arthroscopic treatment of scaphoid pseudoarthrosis with no bone graft is recommended in young to middle-aged, non-smokers patients with no scaphoid consolidation, with hemorrhagic peteqchiae (arthroscopic Green’s Sign) at the arthroscopic evaluation and in which a CT scan excluded the presence of an excessive sclerosis focus or revealed a very small proximal bone fragment not suitable for screw placement for stable internal fixation. Our experience proved that this is a reproducible and feasible technique. Level of Evidence IV

What is the relation between reasoning and self-knowledge? According to Shoemaker (1988), a certain kind of reasoning requires self-knowledge: we cannot rationally revise our beliefs without knowing that we have them, in part because we cannot see that there is a problem with an inconsistent set of propositions unless we are aware of believing them. In this paper, I argue that this view is mistaken. A second account, versions of which can be found in Shoemaker (1988 and 2009) and Byrne (2005), claims that we can reason our way from belief about the world to self-knowledge about such belief. While Shoemaker’s “zany argument” fails to show how such reasoning can issue in self-knowledge, Byrne’s account, which centres on the epistemic rule “If p, believe that you believe that p”, is more successful. Two interesting objections are that the epistemic rule embodies a mad inference (Boyle 2011) and that it makes us form first-order beliefs, rather than revealing them (Gertler 2011). I sketch responses to both objections.

In this paper we will deepen in the analysis of the Cuadernos de Historia de España from diferents points of view related to the history of the historiography and the intellectual history, conceiving the review as a privileged observer through which to analyze the life and scientist production of Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz. At the same time, we propose to analyzed differents aspects of his academic network.

Tomás de Aquino distingue la cantidad como predicamento (quantitas dimensiva) de la medida de perfección de una cosa, su cantidad virtual (quantitas virutalis or virtutis). El Aquinate diferencia la cantidad virtual de la esencia, del ser y de la operación. El concepto de cantidad virtual juega un rol central en la metafísica de la participación, pues participar es como tomar una “parte” de un todo, y tal parte representa un determinado monto de perfección. Por esta vía, la cantidad virtual se relaciona con la noción de virtus essendi. De la cantidad virtual derivan otros conceptos como los de igualdad virtual, contacto virtual, ubicación virtual, distancia virtual, etc., que reflejan la riqueza con que nuestro autor concibe el mundo cualitativo y espiritual.

Frente a la avalancha de informaciones científicas del Norte que llega a las salas de redacción a través de las agencias, redes informáticas, revistas especializadas, está el paupérrimo flujo informativo sobre la ciencia del Sur. Frente al aparente dilema de la "big science" y la "pequeña ciencia", el criterio del editor juega un papel crucial a la hora de responder a una agenda informativa acorde con las necesidades e intereses de los países del Sur, pues a pesar de la enorme masa de información original disponible en las redes informáticas, los editores prefieren el material que les suministran las agencias de noticias y los medios periodísticos prestigiosos que venden derechos de reproducción de sus contenidos.

Este artículo propone una reflexión y abre un debate acerca de los manuales de estilo periodístico, como fenómeno socio comunicacional y sobre todo como herramienta profesional. Enfatiza la noción de Manual de Estilo, como Manual de producción que engloba no solo los aspectos léxicos, semánticos y gramaticales sino, sobre todo, las herramientas y operaciones que garantizan que el producto sea lo que sus editores desean y que pretenden, según el autor, legitimar al medio frente a sus consumidores.