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This article analyzes the importance of the cloning practices of video game consoles and microcomputers in the 1980s in Brazil, in addition to game / software piracy, in the eruption of an incipient video game market in the country in the early 1980s. of this work is that such practices of cloning and piracy, largely carried out by small and large Brazilian companies throughout the 1980s and transgressing and subverting all the rules, laws and norms in force at the time, ended up putting Brazil almost on foot of equality with pioneering countries in the videogames market, such as Japan and the United States, with regard to the consumption of such media. In addition, the work seeks to demonstrate that without these practices the country would be delayed in at least a decade to enter the world market of video games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation is defined as the assessment of the positive and/or negative qualities of an object, which is assumed to be among the most pervasive and dominant human responses. Individuals constantly need to evaluate things, people, products and so forth. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the Need to Evaluate [NES] scale in Brazil. Specifically, the paper assesses its psychometric proprieties. From the evidence reported in the study, the validity of the NES scale is poor and its dimensionality questionable. The alpha value was above .70 in only one of the three dimensions. Furthermore, the outcomes did not suggest that the NES is a unidimensional scale, as originally constructed. Moreover, a formative (vs. reflexive) scale model presented the best adjustments from the concurrent models.