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Resumen: Las visitas dentales previas tienen un gran impacto en el niño como en sus padres y/o cuidadores para su juicio frente a consultas dentales posteriores. Objetivo: Evaluar si existe diferencias al comparar los factores para elegir un odontopediatra y la consulta dental previa en Lima Metropolitana. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 294 padres. Se recolectaron los datos sobre la consulta dental previa del niño en odontopediatría entre 0 a 5 años, con categorías de respuesta de Sí y No; los factores para elegir un odontopediatra, con categorías de respuesta de muy importante, muy útil, no importante y no útil. Para ello se utilizó un cuestionario virtual de 29 ítems. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher y Chi-cuadrado para el análisis bivariado. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en 4 de 5 factores tales como, recomendaciones, experiencias previas, tipos de información buscada y logísticas. Por otro lado, se encontró que 50.68% de los niños menores de 5 años sí habían tenido una consulta dental con un especialista, donde el 20.07% habían asistido en el rango de 1 a 3 años y sólo el 12.59% asistió antes del primer año a la consulta dental con el odontopediatra. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias al comparar los factores para elegir un odontopediatra y la consulta dental previa en Lima Metropolitana. Por último, se evidenció que los padres de familia no llevan a sus hijos a su primera visita dental antes del primer año, recomendación indicada por la Asociación dental Americana.

The dynamics of Colonial Iberian American societies established a true "hierarchy of color" which ended up structuring relationships among individuals and groups. Work relationships were established at the core of such hierarchy through a mechanism that assigned specific activities to specific ethnoracial origins. While well known casta paintings (cuadros de castas) present us with this social order in an official and rigid manner, concrete practices are the site where the social impact of such structuring principle, which involves work differentiation, is revealed. In this sense, I will discuss the principle of "social reversal" as individuals through their relationships are able to either enforce, avoid, or shape such principle. My discussion will develop around two well known aspects of the social fabric involving work and honor: the idea of being served by the work of others, and the idea of giving value to honest work.

The dynamics of Colonial Iberian American societies established a true "hierarchy of color" which ended up structuring relationships among individuals and groups. Work relationships were established at the core of such hierarchy through a mechanism that assigned specific activities to specific ethnoracial origins. While well known casta paintings (cuadros de castas) present us with this social order in an official and rigid manner, concrete practices are the site where the social impact of such structuring principle, which involves work differentiation, is revealed. In this sense, I will discuss the principle of "social reversal" as individuals through their relationships are able to either enforce, avoid, or shape such principle. My discussion will develop around two well known aspects of the social fabric involving work and honor: the idea of being served by the work of others, and the idea of giving value to honest work.

This research explores different aspects of the historical problematic of labour relationships and of the accusations for laziness against people, during the late eighteenth century in the city of Santa Fe of Bogota (New Grenade). In this regards, it approaches the local and urban reforms of the eighteenth century, (The Burbonic Reforms) crossing different levels of analysis from the general position of the Spanish American Colonies within the set of Spanish possessions, to the particular forms of work of the habitants of the city. The perspective adopted is based on a conception of social interactions centred on practices; tensions, agreements, disagreements that defined through their developments the balances of power. It is particularly focused on the mestizo social dynamic that expresses the contradictions of a hybrid social formation, as well as the consequences of ancient regime colonization.