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Este estudo avaliou, durante 671 dias, a remoção de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e de nitrogênio total (NT), em um reator de leito empacotado em escala piloto de 5,65 m3, tratando a mistura esgoto bruto: efluente de Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). O meio suporte usado no reator foi o Biobob® (espuma de poliuretano com estrutura externa de polipropileno). Foram testados tempos de retenção hidráulica (TRHs) de 12 e 10h; e taxa de reciclo: alimentação de 2:1. As condições de aeração do estudo foram: contínua, 60 min aerando/120 min sem aeração; e 120 min aerando/60 min sem aeração. A DQO afluente variou entre 317±53 e 599±129 mg.L-1; e a TKN, entre 35±10 e 56±10 mg.L-1. Não houve diferença estatística nas eficiências de redução de DQO (76 e 87%). A remoção de NT média foi de 68%. A nitrificação foi um fator limitante do processo e seu melhor desempenho ocorreu nas condições aeração contínua e 120 min de aeração, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o reator estudado é eficiente na remoção simultânea de DQO e NT, sendo uma alternativa viável para o tratamento e pós-tratamento de esgoto sanitário.

The aim of the research was to determine the number and distribution of the Rufous-banded Owls Ciccaba albitarsis in a cloud forest on the northern slopes of the Andes. The study was performed using the territory mapping technique and a GPS device in an area of 7 km2. The number of territories was estimated at 40, resulting in a density of 5.7 territories/km2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published data on density of the Rufous-banded Owl in a cloud forest. The population density of the species in our study area corresponds with the densities of the other similar owl species in the Tropics.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the health aspects of Brazilian women older than 65 years of age. Design This was a retrospective study that included 1,001 Brazilian women cared for in the gynecological geriatric outpatient office of our institution. We report a crosssectional analysis of female adults aged over 65 years, including data on demographics, clinical symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms, associated morbidities, physical examination and sexual intercourse. We used the chi-squared test to assess the data. Results The age of the patients on their first clinic visit ranged from65 to 98 years, with a mean age of 68.56 ± 4.47 years; their mean age at the time of natural menopause was 48.76 ± 5.07 years. The most frequent clinical symptoms reported during the analyzed period were hot flashes (n = 188), followed by arthropathy, asthenia, and dry vagina. The most frequent associated morbidities after 65 years of age were systemic arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbance, diabetes mellitus, and depression, among others. The assessment of the bodymass index (BMI) found decreases inBMIwith increased age. At the time of the visit, 78 patients reported sexual intercourse. The majority of women reporting sexual intercourse (89.75%, n = 70) were between 65 and 69 years of age, 8.97% (n = 7) were between 70 and 74 years of age, and only 1.28% (n = 1) of those were aged older than 75 years. Conclusions Our findings suggested that vasomotor symptoms can persist after 65 years of age. There was a significant decrease in sexual intercourse with increased age. The cardiovascular disturbances in our study are health concerns in these women.

Introduction: Over the past years, a few review papers about possibilities of using motion analysis systems in sport were published, but there are no articles that discuss this problem in the field of combat sports and martial arts. Aim: This study presents the diversity of contemporary motion analysis systems both, those that are used in scientific research, as well as those that can be applied in daily work of coaches and athletes in combat sports and martial arts. An additional aim is the indication of example applications in scientific research and range of applications in optimizing the training process. It presents a brief description of each type of systems that are currently used in sport, specific examples of systems and the main advantages and disadvantages of using them. The presentation and discussion takes place in the following sections: motion analysis utility for combat sports and martial arts, systems using digital video and systems using markers, sensors or transmitters. Conclusions: Not all types of motion analysis systems used in sport are suitable for combat sports and martial arts. Scientific studies conducted so far showed the usefulness of video-based, optical and electromechanical systems. The use of research results made with complex motion analysis systems, or made with simple systems, local application and immediate visualization is important for the preparation of training and its optimization. It may lead to technical and tactical improvement in athletes as well as the prevention of injuries in combat sports and martial arts.

O estresse tem sido evidenciado de maneira significativa entre os estudantes de Enfermagem. Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa quantitativa, de desenvolvimento metodológico que teve como objetivo construir e validar um instrumento para avaliar os fatores de estresse em estudantes de enfermagem. A construção dos itens baseou-se no modelo de Pasquali e o referencial teórico de estresse foi o de Lazarus e Folkman. O instrumento ficou composto por 30 itens, agrupados em seis domínios: Realização das atividades práticas; Comunicação profissional; Gerenciamento do tempo; Ambiente; Formação profissional; Atividade teórica. A análise fatorial confirmou o modelo conceitual e os domínios propostos. A consistência interna dos domínios estimada pelo alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,71 a 0,87. Foram criados 4 pontos de corte para os escores de cada domínio. O instrumento poderá ser utilizado para avaliar a intensidade dos fatores de estresse entre os estudantes de enfermagem.El estrés ha sido evidenciado de manera significativa entre los estudiantes de Enfermería. Este artículo describe una investigación cuantitativa, de desenvolvimiento metodológico que tuvo como objetivo construir y validar un instrumento para evaluar los factores de estrés en estudiantes de enfermería. La construcción de los ítems se fundamentó en el modelo de Pasquali y la referencia teórica de estrés fue de Lazarus y Folkman. El instrumento fue compuesto por 30 ítems, agrupados en seis dominios: Realización de las actividades prácticas; Comunicación profesional; Gerenciamiento del tiempo; Ambiente; Formación profesional; Actividad teórica. El análisis factorial confirmó el modelo conceptual y los dominios propuestos. La consistencia interna de los dominios estimada por el alfa de Cronbach varió de 0,71 a 0,87. Fueron creados 4 puntos de corte para los escores de cada dominio. Se concluyó que el instrumento podrá ser utilizado para evaluar la intensidad de los factores de estrés entre los estudiantes de enfermería.Stress is increasingly evident among nursing students. This article reports a quantitative methodological development research that aimed to construct and validate an instrument to assess the stress factors among nursing students. The construction of the instrument followed the Pasquali's model and the stress theoretical framework of Lazarus and Folkman. The instrument was composed of 30 items grouped into six domains: Performance of practical activities; Professional communication; Time management; Environment; Professional education; and Theoretical activities. The factor analysis confirmed that the conceptual model was acceptable and adjusted. The internal consistency of the domains estimated by Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. Four cutoff points have been established for each domain. The instrument can be used to evaluate the intensity of the most frequent stress factors among these students.

The main target of this search was to investigate the interaction and the interactivity of the e-studying courses of UnisulVirtual from the study of the communication and the language used on its didactic materials on. From the fundaments of neopragmatism we verified the propositional exchanges among the courses of UnisulVirtual in the virtual learning environments (AVA) and on the written materials (printed and virtual). The study showed that in spite of using an AVA, the focus of the model was on the printed didactical material and on the self mastery, so the evaluation of the personal presence and individual production was bigger than the communication through the Internet. Due to it the interaction spaces weren't following the goals targeted by the institution for the virtual tools, taking different functions while starting using it. This was the case of the tool tutoria, which was created to clarify students' doubts and strengthen the discussion over the contents, but it was actually used as a site for schedules and deadlines negotiations. The search demonstrated that the fundaments of neo-pragmatism can be used to analyze the communication and language in the virtual learning environments and contribute to the study of the interactions as they propose the understanding for good will and not for semantic analysis. However when excluding from the analysis what does not belong to the subject of the dialogs or occur in situations where there isn't any way to register the propositional exchanges and the new senses resulting from this interactivity, they suggest the need to do researches that include other explanations for the phenomena studied.

This study is characterized by an experiencedaccount whose goal was to contribute to improve the qualityof the care delivery offered to the smoking body asking forhelp to stop smoking. The smoking act is a ritual markedby symbolism, not always detected by the less experiencedobserver.The philosophical and anthropological view madeit possible to perceive the factors responsible for smokinginitiation, desires, frustrations, certainties and uncertaintiesthat are associated with smoking. This comprehension ofwhat is experienced by the smoking body influenced thereassessment of the nursing consultation to the smokerenrolled in the program.

This study had in view a simple reflection on situations in the units of hemodialysis that propitiate the interaction nurse-patient, allowing the mutual growth and humanizing the actions of care. Mechanical scenery and routine do not seem suitable for the formation of such in important renewal to begin and up-to-dating of the care.

This is a theoretical and philosophical study with the purpose of leading the reader on revealing our human and professional condition. On the process of being professors we are constantly searching the meaning of the personal and professional becoming. The uneasy task of questioning oneself to change the ingenuous curiosity into epistemological curiosity is at the same time provoking and fascinating. The nurse education and teaching relationship demands an attitude which aesthetics and sensible glance bring the human beings to an ethical relationship. This increases the value of their way of being and act professionally, understanding the complexity of being we are.

Ethics is concerned with the criticai reflection on human behavior and in nursing teaching. This subject is part of the curriculum, enabling to think on professional responsibility. This paper is a theoretical pondering on the teaching of this subject which aims the autonomy in acting competency in orderto gather knowledge to judge and make decisions for democratic professional practice.

The sexuality is a theme registered with a great frequency nowadays, but, paradoxically, difficult to approach, due to its inherent cultural and philosophical aspects. The health environment is not an exception, since the concept of sexuality in it also emerges rich in norms and interdictions. Conscious of this reality and experiencing this reality, we have developed this study with the objective of getting to know the perception of the nursing students on sexuality. For this we used the qualitative research of phenomenological nature, since we intended to penetrate the world of the subjects to apprehend the essence of the researched phenomenon. The analysis of the reports permitted the identification of three great categories: power, taboo and conceptual ambivalence. The power disciplines, has as main function to train, subject, transform the body in a docile instrument, molding it as its sexuality, since the beginning of mankind. As for taboo, it isolates all that is sacred, disturbing, forbidden or impure, establishes rules, norms and restrictions. The conceptual ambivalence pictures the non-definition, the conceptual duplicity of the subjects and the dubious expression of the concept, thus reinforcing the difficulty appointed by the official discourse when approaching the theme. This study has enabled an advance for the reflection in Nursing, opening new spaces for the verticalization of the discourses and the visualization of a possible change in the perception of the future professionals on the subject.

It is a case history of an extension project of Federal University of Parana named “The Adult with Cardiovascular Problems and the Process of Identity Remaking to Cope with Chronicity”, whose goal was to identify the change repercussions in the daily lives of individuals presenting cardiovascular problems admitted at a hospital in the Metropolitan Area of Curitiba/ Parana – Brazil. An instrument for data collection, previously tested, was devised to undertake this study, being applied under the ethical procedure of informed consent, two afternoons a week during the year 2000. Twenty-two (22) clients participated in this study: 14 men and 8 women, ranging from 27 and 75 years of age, being visited before and after surgeries. Changes in their daily lives were ultimately related to work and physical exercises, food and smoking habits, family support being stressed to cope with these problems. The results of this study point out the peer groups which aim at promoting life quality to clients with chronic health problems and further experience and information exchange among people who have gone through similar situations.

Qualitative study, phenomenological in nature, aiming to understand what it is to be hospitalized in a nutritional support unit. The author presents speeches of clients having parenteral nutrition in order to help professionals in this area or the nutritional support team think over the therapy and the target-subjects, thus helping those professionals develop an understanding attitude, associating reasoning and sensitiveness in caring and healing. Therefore, ten adult clients, submitted to total parenteral nutrition for over ten days, were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed and classified according to hermeneutic-phenomenological principles. The analysis enabled the identification of three categories: temporality, public and private transit and hospitalization as a dimension of pain and suffering. The study results will help humanize support units and introduce human science contents in the curricula of health courses, a teaching/caring/curing focus.

It is a phenomenological study, which objectified to understand the meaning of what it is to be an adult for the population of the Second National Seminar on Adult Health held on August 19th to August 22nd, 1997. Forty –four (44) people were interviewed, ages ranging from 19 to 54 years. The analysis of their speeches enabled to distinguish five (5) major categories, which express the conception of adulthood for the interviewed group. Thus, being an adult means: to be responsible, to be financially and psychologically independent, to work, to be cidadany and to relate to others. The emerged categories reiterate Polak’s conception of an adult (1997), which has guided the GEMSA (The Multiprofessional Study Group on Adult Health) studies.

It is an account experienced in a unit for burned bodies. Strategies for the demechanization of the caregiving body were implemented, objectifying the design of a caring proposition for burned victims, grounded by Polak’s nursing and caring conception (1996). Respect for the uniqueness and expectations of the disabled body are pointed out.

It is a reflection on the body, sexuality and representation, with the objective of deepening the discussion on the body and sexuality in the postmodernism. The reflection was eriched by some speeches of night club owners in Curitiba, which helped understand the portrayed phenomenon.

It is a philosophical on the way we have experienced our corporeity at the end of this millenium. Grounded by Jaques Monod and Jean Baudrillard’s thoughts as well as by my conception of man and corporeity. I lean over daily situations, showing the power of rationality and the power of the current over our body. I rason on how the transforming age affected and has affected the way we have lived our corporeity, leading us to the feeling that we are metaphors of nothingness.

Study accomplished with clients submitted to Continuous Ambulatorial Peritoneal Dialysis - CAPD, aiming at minimizing the impact of the weakening factors on the client and his family, helping them to live worthily with therapy, by means of the care delivered at hospital and home grounds. Thus, 11 (eleven) clients were interviewed and visited at their homes objectifying the identification of their major problems. The interviews and visits enabled to know the difficulties experienced by the client, his expectations, the fear of the ghost of the infection and the modifications occurred in his life, demanding a redefinition in the identity of the client who suffers from chronic renal inadequacy.

This practice research on health promotion was carried out with a group of persons with arterial hypertension in Curitiba, Paraná. The conceptual framework was constructed by the following concepts: health promotion, health education, and coping. The data were obtained during meetings wich were carried out each days during one year period. The finding showed relationships between stressors, stress, emotions and arterial hipertention. The main stressors were: financial conditions, work conditions, health care, family relationships and losses. The health promotion ocurred through a coping task teaching-learnig process.

A qualitative study, developed among adult population of Curitiba, whose main purpose was the understanding of health based on people’s speeches. For that, 452 interviews werw deld in health isnstitutions, secondary and graduate schools and at students home. The desire of abtaing the main featuresled us to divide the group in three segments: young adults, people aged from 10 t0 19 years old, the adult itself and older adults, aged above 60 yers old. From the interpretation af their speeches the following 10 categories which allowed a better comprehension of illness emerged: punishmate; incapability and dependence; absence of health, desequilibrium; insanitary health pratices , changes od life rhythm; bad financial conditions, bad relationship whit himself, other people and the world; existence of aggresive agents from internal and/or external sources. The speeches about illness gave us a view of the way these people perceive notice and understand their world and also the feeling they had when they got sick. It also allowed to find evidences about the relationship that exists among themselves, and amog other people and the world, reinforcing the comception of "being in the world".

This study is characterized as an article of revision. which the purpose to reflect about the meanings of body in the health world. The author points out some conceptions regarding health and disease and sacred and profane, present in the history of man, related to the concept which was studied.

The present study characterizes itself as qualitative work with phenomenological illumination, which purpose is to understand health at is perceived by an adult population of the Grate Curitiba. For this 452 interviews were made, having as nuclear questions: the health perception in focus . The individuais interviewed were 16 years old and up They were searched in universities, schools, hospitais, factories and public and private institutions. The context of the interviews resulted in seven categories that express the health conception of the informants. Produce/ Work; Well living itself, with you self and with the world - Value; Balanced and Well being, Sickless; Healthful practice of live; Dynamism, movement and happiness. The study permits to view health as a multidimensional existent question which reflects the subjectiveness, that is the individuaTs lived experience in its relationships among man, world and the culture.

This is a case study of phenomenological orientation whose objective was to understand the conflict experienced by the smoking body in the face of the desire or the need to discontinue the use of cigarettes and the wish to continue smoking. Seven smoking bodies attending Caixa de Assistência dos Funcionários do Banco do Brasil’s (CASSI’s) “Life without Cigarettes” program in Curitiba were followed. This program was based on three moments of care: the perception, the new knowledge construction and the implementation of the nursing actions, adapted to the Ministry of Health’s assistance model. For the comprehension of the phenomenon, three categories emerged. The passage ritual, affective longing and insecurity and fear of change. The adaptation of the model of assistance proposed by the Ministry of Health to the moments of care reference was found to provide professional growth and enrichment, which in turn, made it possible to help these smoking bodies to experience the conflicting internal moment between the desire to stop and the wish to continue smoking which resulted in a new nursing care practice which combines the incentive for a pro-active change through motivation with the philosophical process of reflexion and interation.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the severity of obesity in children and adolescents through the presence of comorbidities and the potential indication of bariatric surgery. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study with clinical and laboratory data of the first consultation of patients at the childhood obesity clinic at a tertiary hospital from 2005 to 2013. We divided the patients into groups with or without potential indication for surgery, and recorded age, gender, birth weight, age of obesity onset, BMI Z score, presence of acanthosis nigricans, blood pressure, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, blood glucose and fasting insulin, HOMA1-IR, CRP and ESR. The group with potential indication for surgery included: BMI > 40 or between 35-40 with comorbidities (Triglycerides >130mg/dl, glucose levels >100mg/dl, HOMA1-IR >3.16, Total Cholesterol >200mg/dl, LDL >130mg/dl and HDL

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