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After decades of gradual deterioration in the historical neighborhoods of Kashan, Iran, many historic buildings have now been repurposed as tourist facilities. This article examines the various actors and factors that have contributed to the urban revitalization of the neighborhoods in Kashan. Utilizing assemblage theory, this article constructs a relational, multiplex, and multiscalar explanation of the process of urban change. Rather than relying on the conventional understanding found in most existing gentrification studies, the aim of this study was to offer a localized interpretation of urban transformation processes. The research findings demonstrate that assemblages of human and non-human factors are shaping and reshaping the historical center of Kashan. Additionally, the findings suggest that the transformations of the historical neighborhoods of Kashan are not only due to the result of a single process but multiple urban processes occurring simultaneously within and outside the historical neighborhoods. These processes include heritage conservation (or requalification), incumbent upgrading, soft forms of revitalization, the initial stages of tourist gentrification, as well as suburbanization and urban sprawl. These dynamics are influenced by a variety of factors at political, economic, cultural, and legislative levels, operating at local, national, and global scales. We suggest that the assemblage approach can be effectively applied to study urban transformations in non-Western cities.

Objectives: To examine the association between psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidity and 28-day mortality among patients with psychiatric disorders and COVID-19. Methods: Multicenter observational retrospective cohort study of adult patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at 36 Greater Paris university hospitals (January 2020-May 2021) (n=3,768). First, we searched for different subgroups of patients according to their psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidities through cluster analysis. Next, we compared 28-day all-cause mortality rates across the identified clusters, while taking into account sex, age, and the number of medical conditions. Results: We found five clusters of patients with distinct psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidity patterns. Twenty-eight-day mortality in the cluster of patients with mood disorders was significantly lower than in other clusters. There were no significant differences in mortality across other clusters. Conclusion: All psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions may be associated with increased mortality in patients with psychiatric disorders and COVID-19. The lower risk of death among patients with mood disorders might be in line with the potential beneficial effect of certain antidepressants in COVID-19, but requires further research. These findings may help identify at-risk patients with psychiatric disorders who should benefit from vaccine booster prioritization and other prevention measures.

Abstract Objective: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) can affect women’s lives through various physical, psychological, social and even sexual mechanisms. According to the World Health Organization guidelines for managing the health effects of FGM/C, further research into its psychological effects and preventative measures is required. In this study, a comprehensive review of the mental health consequences of circumcised women of reproductive age has been conducted with a special focus on providing preventive solutions. Methods: A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed(MEDLINE), Proquest ,Scopus and Google scholar was carried outfrom 2000 to 2022. The second stage of search was conducted in grey literature. To facilitate a systematic approach to search the literature, the PECO framework, was adopted. Results: The result of this narrative review study showed that, the most common mental health disorder in reproductive age circumcised women were depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some studies found a significant relationship between parents’ education level and circumcised girls, so that parents of the circumcised women had a low level of education. Two studies considered religious beliefs, tradition, cleanness, sexual desire control and virginity as the reasons for FGM/C. Conclusion: All forms of FGM/C may be harmful to one’s health. Women, who have undergone widespread forms of circumcision, are more likely to develop mental disorders. As the psychosocial effects of circumcision can affect the sexual experience of circumcised women, addressing this issue, emphasizing its legal aspects, and providing preventative solutions can improve physical, mental, social, and even sexual health in circumcised women.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating role of brand awareness and brand image in the relationship between social media marketing and customer response in the Iranian banking industry. Methodology: The statistical population of this study was banks active in the Iranian banking industry. In order to determine the members of the statistical sample, first 20 banks active in the Iranian banking industry were selected and then with the help of the database of the studied banks, the respondents to the questionnaires were identified judiciously by the marketing managers of the banks. The number of these people in the initial study was estimated at 1673 people and finally 313 people were selected using the Cochran's formula as the sample size. In this research, PLS-SEM was used to fit the conceptual model of research and test hypotheses. Results: The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on customer response and brand awareness and brand image. In addition, the results showed that the variable of brand awareness and brand image has a mediating role in this regard. In addition, social media marketing positively affects the goal of customer response through brand awareness and brand image. Contributions: Proper planning in the development and institutionalization of brand awareness and image allows banks to be able to effectively influence the positive responses of customers, and in the meantime, the role of social media can be very decisive

This study tested which latent factors exist that could significantly impact the citizens-based performance assessment of the Neighborhood Renovation Service Office (NRSO) which is a renovation facilitating policy. Two hundred residents of Urban Deteriorated Areas (UDAs) in Fallah & Yaftabad neighborhoods, were interviewed by questionnaires. To analyze the outcomes of the questionnaires, first, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for identifying underlying factors for assessment of the mentioned policy and subsequently Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) for modeling the factors concerning performance assessment were employed. The residents who had more familiarity with the plans and policies evaluated the renovation office performance more positively. Also if NRSOs want to be assessed as more effective in their intervention they need to empower their interacting community’s socioeconomic factor. The OLR model showed that the sense of place is another significant underlying factor in this regard. However, residency duration despite converging as a factor in EFA did not show any significant impact based on the OLR model.

Abstract Background Vitiligo is a common disease with a high burden, and its recalcitrant type is unresponsive to current medical treatments. Autologous non-cultured and trypsinized melanocyte grafting, which is a simple and experience-based procedure, has been suggested for the treatment of vitiligo. Objective To assess autologous non-cultured and trypsinised melanocyte grafting in recalcitrant vitiligo. Methods This clinical trial was done on 28 patients (20 females and 8 males). After demarcation and preparation of both donor and recipient sites, both sites were shaved by a curette. The materials harvested from the donor site were trypsinized and centrifuged. The resulting suspension was mixed with hyaluronic acid gel and was spread over the shaved recipient area. Results Twenty-eight patients with a total of 108 lesions and a mean age of 25.93 ± 7.11 years were included in the present study. Generalized vitiligo (57.1%) was the most common clinical type and the face and neck regions (38%) were the most frequent treated sites. Good to excellent repigmentation was seen in the face and neck, trunk, upper extremity, and genitals in 31 (57.4%), 11 (20.4%), 9 (16.7%) and 3 (5.5%) patients, respectively. Face and neck showed significantly better results (p < 0.05). Study limitations Low sample size and single-center study. Conclusion Autologous non-cultured and trypsinized melanocyte grafting is a safe method with satisfactory outcomes in recalcitrant vitiligo. Appropriate training of physicians and proper use of specialists’ experiences can be effective in increasing the improvement rate.

Abstract Background: Although COVID-19 pandemic significantly induces mortality, many of the patients who recovered present other medical problems such as alopecias. Telogen effluvium is a common alopecia that is usually related to previous events such as acute febrile diseases, including COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of telogen effluvium in COVID-19. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 526 patients with documented telogen effluvium that recovered from COVID-19. Demographic data, concurrent alopecia, associated diseases, and COVID-19 severity were recorded. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Results: The mean age of the 526 patients (410 females, 116 males) was 30.97±9.592 years, with 7.65 ± 1.739 weeks of mean time of alopecia onset. Vitamin D deficiency (24.3%), androgenetic alopecia (78.2%), and grade III COVID-19 severity were the most common findings. Alopecia onset was significantly earlier in the younger age group, females, in hypothyroidism, and more severe coronavirus infection. Higher grade coronavirus infection was significantly seen in males, higher ages, earlier onset, and androgenic alopecia. Study limitations: Performing a single-center study and considering limited variables. Conclusion: Although Coronavirus 2 infection can be an important factor in telogen effluvium induction, other factors such as associated diseases, drug intake and emotional stress may also be involved. In the cases of early onset of alopecia, concomitant diseases such as hypothyroidism and severe coronavirus infection can occur, thus, the presence of various factors in telogen effluvium induction should be considered.

Abstract Yogurt is an important source of many biologically active peptides with specific health benefits. The majority of the bioactive peptides produced during yogurt manufacture are related to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides. The present study evaluated the proteolysis and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of non-fat probiotic yogurt supplemented with sodium caseinate (0 to 4%), and Mentha piperita (peppermint) extract (0 to 0.4%) during 20 days of storage. Good correlation (R = 0.90) was found between the growth of Lactobacillus casei LFTI® L26 and ACE inhibition in all samples during the initial stages of storage, as compared to the control yogurt, with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease after storage. The results showed that the addition of sodium caseinate and peppermint extract had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on proteolysis and the viability of L. casei LFTI® L26, enhancing the ACE activity. The IC50 values of the sample containing 0.4% of peppermint and of the sample containing 4% of sodium caseinate were 0.12 and 0.02 mg/mL respectively. The results showed that the use of 4% of sodium caseinate and 0.4% of peppermint extract could provide higher probiotic viability (1.3×107cfu/g) on the 20th day of storage.

The presence of institutional investors may change the behaviors of companies. The impact of institutional investors on management decisions on financial affairs have been proven in other studies; yet, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between lack of information symmetry an concentration of proprietorship with profit management in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The period under study included years 2004 to 2009. Rahavard Novin Computer application was utilized to collect the data; then they were calculated using Microsoft Excel. SPSS computer application was used to test research hypothesis and conduct other statistical analysis using statistical methods like descriptive statistics, correlation (correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination), regression analysis and testing its coefficients, correlation analysis and test of coefficients and significance of the difference between two correlation coefficients. A total of 109 active companies in the stock exchange were selected as the sample of the study. Results on the first hypothesis revealed that the relationship between concentration of proprietorship and lack of information symmetry. In case of the second hypothesis, it is predicted that there is a significant relationship between profit management with lack of information symmetry and concentration of proprietorship. According to research results, investors and analysts ought to pay attention to factors like proprietorship composition, the level of information symmetry along with the figures published by the companies when making short and long-term decisions.

Abstract: Background: Although many factors are involved in the etiology of xanthelasma palpebrum, lipid disorder is strongly associated with its induction. Xanthelasma palpebrum, the most common type of xanthoma, usually presents in middle-aged females and results in aesthetic problems. Objective: To evaluate thelipid profile and important clinical aspects of xanthelasma palpebrum patients. Methods: In this descriptive study, we enrolled 42xanthelasma palpebrumpatients, and 42 cases of non-inflammatory skin disorders as thecontrol group, matched for age and gender.The clinical characteristics of the patients and fasting serum lipid profile were recorded for both groups. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS-16. Results: Xanthelasma palpebrum was found more commonly in middle-aged females with disease onset of less than 1 year, and without significant familial history of xanthoma. Furthermore,xanthelasma lesionswere most often seen in the upper lid with mild extension and was rarely associated with systemic disease. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding hypertriglyceridemia (p= 0.231) and hypercholesterolemia (p= 0.302). The mean serum levels of cholesterol (221.51±60.4 mg/dl), triglyceride (185.98±71.1 mg/dl) and VLDL (37.7±17.6 mg/dl) were significantly higher and themedian HDL (36.2 (31, 41) mg/dl) level was lower in thepatient group. Conclusion: In our study, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia did not reveal a significant difference between thepatient and control groups; however, mean serum values for cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL showed a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, in addition to lipid abnormality, other factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of xanthelasma palpebrum.

This survey was conducted to identify and estimate the frequencies of ectoparasites of dogs in Tehran, Iran. A total of 143 dogs attended at the Small Animal Hospital of the Veterinary School, the University of Tehran, were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and dermatological lesions. Ectoparasite specimens and blood samples were sent to parasitology and hematology laboratories, respectively. Ticks were the most frequent ectoparasite (36.4%, 52/143), followed by fleas (29.4%, 42/143), mites (25.9%, 37/143), and lice (8.4%, 12/143). Mixed infestations with two or more ectoparasites were detected in eight dogs. Rhipicephalus bursa was the most frequent ectoparasite in spring and summer. Ectoparasitic infestations were recorded mainly in large breeds and juvenile animals. Eosinophilia was more observed in dogs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common clinical sign, skin pruritus, was associated with mite and lice infestations. These results indicate that the tick R. bursa was the most prominent species of ectoparasite found in the evaluated group, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and S. scabiei var canis.Esta pesquisa foi realizada para identificar e estimar a frequência de ectoparasitas de cães em Teerã, Irã. Um total de 143 cães, atendidos no Hospital de Pequenos Animais da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade de Teerã, foi examinado para a pesquisa de ectoparasitas e lesões cutâneas. Espécimes de ectoparasitos e amostras de sangue coletadas foram enviadas para exame em laboratório de parasitologia e hematologia, respectivamente. Os carrapatos foram os ectoparasitos mais frequentemente encontrados (36,4%, 52/143), seguidos por pulgas (29,4%, 42/143), sarnas (25,9%, 37/143) e piolhos (8,4%, 12/143). Infestações mistas com dois ou mais ectoparasitos foram observadas em oito cães. Rhipicephalus bursa foi o ectoparasito mais frequente na primavera e verão. Infestações de ectoparasitos foram registradas principalmente em raças maiores e animais jovens. Eosinofilia foi mais observado em cães infestados com Sarcoptes scabiei. O sinal clínico mais comum, prurido na pele, esteve associado às infestações por ácaros e piolhos. Estes resultados indicam o carrapato R. bursa como ectoparasito mais comum no grupo avaliado, seguido por Ctenocephalides canis e S. scabiei var canis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many patients seeking orthodontic treatment already have incipient enamel lesions and should be placed under preventive treatments. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP paste and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Eighty caries-free human premolars were subjected to a demineralization challenge using Streptococcus mutans. After demineralization, the samples were randomly divided into five equal experimental groups: Group 1 (control), the brackets were bonded without any surface treatment; Group 2, the enamel surfaces were treated with CPP-ACP paste for 4 minutes before bonding; Group 3, the teeth were irradiated with CO2 laser beams at a wavelength of 10.6 µm for 20 seconds. The samples in Groups 4 and 5 were treated with CO2 laser either before or through CPP-ACP application. SEM photomicrographs of a tooth from each group were taken to observe the enamel surface. The brackets were bonded to the buccal enamel using a conventional method. Shear bond strength of brackets and ARI scores were measured. Vickers microhardness was measured on the non-bonded enamel surface. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test at the p< 0.05 level. Results: The mean shear bond strength and microhardness of the laser group were higher than those in the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). All groups showed a higher percentage of ARI score 4. Conclusion: CO2 laser at a wavelength of 10.6 µm significantly increased demineralized enamel microhardness and enhanced bonding to demineralized enamel.