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Health care, paradoxically, can result in adverse events, with patient safety being a global concern. The objective was to analyze the promotion of patient safety according to the experiences of nurses working in Primary Health Care. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, carried out in virtual environment, with nurses selected by chains of references. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by reflexive thematic analysis. The Human Error Theory was adopted as a theoretical reference. Twenty-four nurses working in four Brazilian states participated. It was identified that latent conditions related to the physical structure, communication, delays in accessing care and exams, lack of knowledge and institutional support, as well as active failures in identifying patients, administering medications and vaccines, and arising from slips and violations can represent risks. As countermeasures, nurses take actions to promote patient safety, even if they do not cover all the situations mentioned, which can create opportunities for incidents. The aim is to contribute to raising awareness regarding the risks and the need to implement actions that constitute a barrier to the occurrence of incidents, especially in the primary care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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