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OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos de pacientes ginecológicas atendidas nas redes privada e pública de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, no qual foram estudados prontuários de 243 pacientes (122 pacientes no serviço público e 121 no privado), de janeiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. Excluíram-se os prontuários de pacientes grávidas, com sangramento genital, histórico de uso de cremes ou géis vaginais em intervalos inferiores há 15 dias e pacientes que tiveram relação sexual em prazo inferior a cinco dias da consulta avaliada. A análise dos dados foi realizada com recursos de processamento estatístico do software Stata, versão 9.2, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das pacientes foi de 27±12 anos entre pacientes da rede pública, e de 25,9±10,4 anos na rede particular, não havendo diferença estatística entre estas médias (F=0,5 e p=0,4). As pacientes da rede pública apresentaram escolaridade mais baixa (pPURPOSE: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of gynecological patients seeking care in the private and public health networks. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we analyzed the records of 243 patients (122 public service patients and 121 private service ones), from January 2007 to January 2008. We excluded records of pregnant patients with vaginal bleeding, history of using vaginal creams or gels at intervals of less than 15 days and patients who had sexual intercourse within less than five days before their visit and with incomplete clinical data. Data were analyzed statistically using the Stata software, version 9.2, with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients attending the public health service was 27±12 years-old and 25.9±10.4 years-old for patients attending the private health service, with no statistical difference between means (F=0.5 and p=0.4). Patients attending the public health service had lower education (p

ABSTRACT The concept of production environments, which is widely used to classify the yield potential of soils, and magnetic susceptibility (MS), is emerging as an important tool for mapping ultra-detailed areas. Given this background, this paper aims to evaluate the use of MS as a tool for the identification of areas with different potential the enhancing of sugarcane yield and quality, and the allocation of varieties. An area of 445 ha was sampled at 1 point every 7 ha, and 14 points were determined for stratified sampling following the top of the landscape. Particle size and MS of samples at depths of 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m were analyzed. The data on yield and quality of raw material were obtained from a nine crop season database and biometry performed in the 2018/19 crop season. The multivariate analysis of historical results showed the formation of three groups with different yield and quality potential, with a difference of up to 17.28 mg of cane per hectare between the group with the highest and lowest potential, based on soil MS. An analysis of the performance of the varieties involved showed that MS is effective in identifying areas with different potential for sugarcane yield and quality, differentiating by up to 34.5 % the performance of the same variety in different MS classes and by up to 38.5 % the performance of different varieties in similar MS classes. Thus, MS is an effective tool for identifying areas with different potential for sugarcane yield and quality, and can be used for allocating varieties in the field.

Extrações sequenciadas ou fracionamento químico de metais pesados permitem inferências sobre origem, forma de ocorrência, biodisponibilidade, potencial de toxicidade e contaminação ambiental por esses elementos. Assim, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o propósito de avaliar a distribuição de Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn entre as diferentes frações do solo e compartimento da paisagem, de um Latossolo Amarelo sob cultivo de hortaliças. Foram coletadas amostras de solos de cinco áreas cultivadas com tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.), alface (Lactuca sativa), pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) e acelga (Beta vulgaris L.) em diferentes posições no relevo (topo, encosta, baixio) e quatro áreas de referência (mata nativa), na profundidade de 0,00 - 0,20 m. Também foram avaliados os teores de metais pesados na água destinada à irrigação das lavouras e ao consumo humano, coletando-se para isso, 200 ml de amostras de água dos reservatórios. As amostras de solo foram fracionadas sequencialmente para quantificação dos teores de Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn adsorvidos às frações trocável (FT), matéria orgânica (FO), óxido de ferro amorfo e cristalino (OxFeA e OxFeC). As posições da paisagem interferiram significativamente na adsorção de metais pesados no solo apenas para o Cu e o Ni ligados à OxFeC e para o Zn ligado à FT, nas áreas cultivadas. Os maiores teores de Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn no solo encontram-se nas frações com ligações químicas menos estáveis (ligados à matéria orgânica) sendo também encontrada forte afinidade de Cu, Zn e Mn às frações oxídicas (AFeOx + CFeOx). A baixa afinidade de Pb e Ni às OxFeA e OxFeC condiciona maior potencial de contaminação dos reservatórios hídricos. A curto prazo, a matéria orgânica é a principal fonte de remediação de metais pesados no solo, sendo importante a adoção de práticas conservacionistas que reduzam suas perdas.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficácia da cor do solo na identificação de áreas com diferentes potenciais produtivos e qualidade de café, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo desenvolvido de arenito, no Planalto Ocidental Paulista, no Estado de São Paulo. Coletaram-se 173 amostras em 39 ha, para a determinação de matiz, valor, croma e índice de avermelhamento do solo, com base nos dados da espectroscopia de reflectância difusa (ERD). Avaliaram-se, também, a produtividade e a qualidade do fruto de café, e calculou-se o índice de diagnose foliar (DRIS). A maior correlação espacial observada pelo variograma cruzado ocorreu entre matiz e DRIS, em pontos distantes em até 497 m. A menor correlação espacial foi observada em croma e produção, em pontos distantes em até 207 m. As áreas com o maior potencial de produtividade (20 a 33 sacas por hectare) apresentaram matiz entre 6,99 e 7,06, croma entre 5,00 e 5,08 e valor entre 4,40 e 4,45. As áreas com o menor potencial de produtividade (3 a 7 sacas por hectare) apresentaram matiz entre 7,27 e 7,68, croma entre 5,20 e 5,28 e valor entre 4,51 e 4,67. Nestes locais, o teor de argila foi de 16 g kg-1, os teores de P variaram entre 65 e 75 mg dm-3, e a soma de bases estava entre 56 e 58 mmolc dm-3. O uso da cor determinada por ERD é eficaz para identificar áreas com diferentes potenciais produtivos e qualidade de café, com precisão de 61 a 97%.

Soil CO2 emission (FCO2) is one of the main sources of carbon release into the atmosphere. Moreover, FCO2 is related to soil attributes governing the transfer of gases from soil to the atmosphere. This study aimed firstly to describe the spatial variability of hematite (Hm), goethite (Gt), iron extracted with sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (Fed) contents, soil CO2 emission (FCO2) and free-water porosity (FWP) and secondly, to develop statistical models to predict the above mentioned factors in an Oxisol cultivated under manual harvesting of sugarcane (Saccharumspp.) in southeastern Brazil. The study was conducted on an irregular 50 m × 50 m grid containing 89 points, each 0.5-10 m apart. The 0-0.1 m soil layer at each sampling point was used to assess soil FCO2, moisture and total pore volume. The results were subjected to descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses using auto- and cross-semivariograms. All soil attributes exhibited a spatial dependence structure and the experimental semivariograms fitted spherical and exponential models. The Gt content was the individual attribute that exhibited the highest linear and spatial correlation, especially with FCO2. We were able to use diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to map large areas, which allows for easy identification and estimation of soil attributes such as FCO2 and FWP. Geostatistical techniques faciltate the interpretation of spatial relationships between soil respiration and the examined properties.

Studies analyzing the variability of clay minerals and magnetic susceptibility provide data for the delineation of site-specific management areas since many of their attributes are important to agronomy and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of clay minerals, magnetic susceptibility, adsorbed phosphorus and physical attributes in Oxisols of sandstones in different geomorphic surfaces. For that purpose, soil samples were collected every 25 m along a transect located within the area where the geomorphic surfaces were identified and mapped. The transect occupied the central portion of 500 ha, where it was also sampled for density purposes with one sample per six hectares. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0.0-0.2 m. The results of the physical, chemical, mineralogical and magnetic susceptibility analyses were subjected to statistical and geostatistical analyses. The nature of the clay minerals and magnetic susceptibility was dependent on the variation of the soil parent material. High values of magnetic susceptibility were associated with the presence of maghemite and magnetite of coarse size. The spatial variability of crystallinity and the content of Fe oxides, as well as magnetic susceptibility, were dependent on the age of the geomorphic surfaces. The youngest surface had greater spatial variability of these attributes. The iron (goethite and hematite) and aluminum (gibbsite) oxides in the youngest geomorphic surface influenced the low values of soil density and high values of total pore volume, micropores and P adsorption. The characterization of the spatial variability of Fe oxides and susceptibility allowed for the delineation of homogeneous areas.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the iron oxide contents (hematite and goethite) and to characterize the color and the spectral and magnetic signatures of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Six Oxisols and one Inceptisol were studied. Spectral and magnetic signatures were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and magnetic susceptibility, respectively. Then, the spectral curves and the second derivative calculations were used to determine hematite and goethite contents, as well as soil color after conversion into tristimulus values. Hematite and goethite contents were also obtained by x-ray diffractometry, and soil color was also defined in the field (Munsell color chart). The values for the isomorphic substitution of iron by aluminum and the degree of redness were also determined. DRS can be used to estimate hematite and goethite contents, as well as the color of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás. The spectral signature can point out the main soil properties related to the contents of organic matter, iron oxides, kaolinite, and gibbsite. The magnetic signature, characteristic of soils rich in iron oxides (hematite and goethite), shows the predominance of pedogenic minerals.

Characterization of the soil and the grouping of its properties through main component analysis can assist in the classification and observation of the consequences of the conversion of native forest areas in pastures. Such data can aid in management practices. Considering the lack of studies in Cerrado soils of south-western Goias, developed metagranites of Jurubatuba suite, the objective was to classify and study the physical, chemical and mineralogical soil (under native forest and pasture) Southwest of Goias. Soil sampling and classification followed the Field Methods Manual and the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, respectively. The physical, chemical and mineralogical soil were studied, as well as main component analysis made for these attributes. The profile 1 under native forest was classified as “Cambissolo Háplico Tb eutrófico latossólico”. The profile 2 under degraded pasture was rated “Latossolo Amarelo eutrófico típico”. In addition, the profile 3 under rotated pasture was rated as “Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico chernossólico”. It was observed that the “Latossolos” have higher bulk density and soil penetration resistance, indicating greater soil compaction. They showed high amounts of iron oxides and minor amount of nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. The principal component analysis allowed the grouping of profiles into two groups. Group 1 brought together the properties related to “Latossolos”, and the second was related to “Cambissolo” properties. Thus, the principal components analysis aids the understanding of soil properties and the grouping of soils with similar characteristics, the level of order and management.