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Mediante este trabajo, se busca analizar y destacar el coaching ontológico como una herramienta que brinda habilidades para la creación de espacios comunicativos, la introspección personal, modificación de sus hábitos, el fortalecimiento de valores, el replanteamiento de creencias y la capacidad de ver las historias y juicios prematuros desde una nueva perspectiva. El objetivo principal es integrar el coaching ontológico en los procesos de mediación familiar, de manera que los participantes en conflicto puedan visualizar nuevos significados, encontrar caminos y establecer conexiones, promoviendo así una evolución positiva en los vínculos familiares. Además, se busca fomentar el compromiso y la responsabilidad de los involucrados, así como facilitar el desarrollo efectivo del mediador, para lograr un proceso de mediación exitoso.

ABSTRACT Purpose Swallowing impairment is a serious extra-pulmonary manifestation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Previous studies suggest that individuals with stable COPD show atypical values for several videofluoroscopy measures of swallowing, compared to healthy adults under age 60. However, it is unclear to what degree these changes are attributable to healthy aging. In this study, we aimed to clarify how swallowing in people with stable COPD differs from age-matched healthy controls. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of videofluoroscopy data from two previously-collected datasets: a) a sample of 28 adults with stable COPD (18 male); b) a sample of 76 healthy adults, from which 28 adults were selected, matched for sex and age to participants in the COPD cohort. In both prior studies, participants swallowed 20% w/v liquid barium prepared in different consistencies (thin; mildly, moderately, and extremely thick). Blinded duplicate ratings were performed according to a standard procedure, yielding measures of laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) integrity and timing, swallow timing, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening, pharyngeal constriction and pharyngeal residue. Mann-Whitney U tests and odds ratios were performed to determine significant group differences (p

Introdução: A malária é uma das doenças parasitárias que maior dano tem causado a milhões de pessoas nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do globo. O impacto nas famílias e no desenvolvimento social nas comunidades tem sido devastador sobretudo na África subsaariana. Apesar dos esforços desenvolvidos pelos governos desses países em parceria com a OMS na prevenção e controlo da Malária e se tenham observado avanços no desenvolvimento da primeira vacina e de novas ferramentas para o combate da doença, os seus efeitos continuam a ser nefastos e nalgumas regiões, como Angola, ela continua a ser a causa do maior índice de mortalidade [1]. Apesar da Prevalência da Malária ter aumentando, o seu diagnóstico tem sido cada vez mais dificultada na prática Laboratorial por falta de conhecimento e pouca pesquisa, aliada à não aplicação de forma rigorosa das técnicas corretas, por parte do pessoal clínico laboratorial na pesquisa de plasmodium [2]. Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade das lâminas positivas de plasmodium em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório da Pediatria do Hospital Regional do Lobito no período de Dezembro de 2021 a Julho de 2022. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa é do tipo prospetiva, descritiva com abordagem qualitativa em relação aos dados dos pacientes com o exame positivo de malária, atendidos no Laboratório da Pediatria do Hospital Regional do Lobito no período de estudo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 632 exames de pesquisa de plasmodium positivos. Na confirmação dos resultados foram positivos600 casos que correspondem a 94,9%, sendo 32 amostras consideradas falsos positivos o que corresponde a 5,1%. Na distribuição dos casos por sexo o sexo feminino apresentou-se com 50,63% (n= 320) e o sexo masculino com 44,30% (n=280). Quanto à faixa etária, destaca-se o grupo dos 0 aos 5 anos de idade com 44,46% (n=281) e em relação à frequência das formas evolutivas foi visível a presença de Trofozoitos 72,00% (n=433) e os Gametócitos com 13, 50% (n=80). Conclusões: A microscopia é o método de diagnóstico de referência, no entanto a qualidade dos resultados varia consideravelmente entre laboratórios, principalmente devido ao nível da experiência dos técnicos, qualidade dos reagentes e dos equipamentos. No entanto estes resultados evidenciam uma necessidade de formação contínua dos técnicos conforme proposto pela OMS.

Introdução: A infeção do trato urinário é uma das patologias mais comum na prática clínica, intrinsecamente relacionada com os hábitos de vida e higiene [1], caracteriza-se pela replicação ou a presença de agentes infeciosos no trato urinário que repercute em lesões de seus tecidos [2]. Em Angola a população tem provavelmente 53% de chances de contraírem ITU por terem menos acesso as informações de saúde e ao saneamento básico [2]. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de infeção do trato urinária em adolescentes atendidos no Hospital Geral de Benguela. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, análise documental dos dados de 60 adolescentes na faixa etária compreendida entre os 10 e 17 anos foram submetidos a uma urocultura na Secção de Microbiologia do Laboratório Clínico do Hospital Geral de Benguela no período de Fevereiro de 2018 á Novembro de 2019. Resultados: Foram selecionados 54 registo de adolescentes atendidos no Hospital Geral de Benguela no período de estudo por se encaixarem dentro dos critérios de inclusão. Destes, 57,41% apresentaram resultado positivo. Entre os resultados positivos avaliados, o principal microrganismo encontrado foi a Escherichia coli (61,29%). A infeção do trato urinário foi mais prevalente nos adolescentes do sexo feminino (64,5%). Em relação à faixa etária a ITU foi mais prevalente nos adolescentes da faixa etária entre 10 e 12 anos (48,4%). Conclusões: conclui-se que existe uma alta prevalência de infeção do trato urinário nos adolescentes estudados, o que demonstra a necessidade de aprimorar os conhecimentos relacionados às ITU e implantação de políticas públicas focadas na prevenção desta enfermidade, direcionadas principalmente às mulheres.

En el presente trabajo, se aborda el tema de la justicia restaurativa desde la óptica e instrumentación del coaching, sus objetivos, beneficios y efectos que tiene su implementación en sus usuarios. De igual manera se describirán los diferentes modelos restaurativos por ejemplo, las juntas, círculos, encuentro víctima-ofensor y las conferencias familiares. Así mismo, se abordará la función que tiene la figura del facilitador especializado en la disciplina del coaching y se propondrá la posibilidad de implementar dentro de la formación del facilitador competencias del coaching, lo anterior con el objeto de desarrollar de una manera más eficaz los procesos de justicia restaurativa.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate beef consumption and its influence on carbon and water footprints, as well as to improve the nutritional quality of the Brazilian diet. METHODS The amount of beef and other foods consumed was evaluated by two 24-hour food records in a representative sample of the Brazilian population ≥ 10 years of age (n = 32,853) from 2008 to 2009. The environmental impact of the diet considered the coefficients of the carbon footprint (gCO2 and/kg) and the water footprint (liters/kg) of the foods, as well as their nutritional quality considering the nutrient composition of each food associated with the prevention of nutritional deficiencies or the increase/decrease in chronic disease risk. Linear and logistic regression models, crude and adjusted for sex, age, education, income, region, and area, were used to respectively study the association of fifths of the caloric contribution of beef with the environmental impacts of the diet and inadequate nutrient intake. RESULTS Carbon and water footprints and protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, saturated fat, and sodium contents were higher in the fraction of the diet composed of beef, whereas fiber and added sugar contents were higher in the fraction composed by the other foods. Dietary beef contribution was directly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the diet and the risk of saturated fat and sodium excess, besides fiber insufficiency, inversely associated with the risk of protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 insufficiency. CONCLUSION Reducing beef consumption in Brazil would also reduce the carbon and water footprints of the diet, as well as the risk of chronic diseases related to food. Therefore, in order not to increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, monitoring the increased intake of other foods rich in protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 is suggested.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To study the association between ultra-processed food consumption and carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis on data collected in 2008–2009 on a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged ≥ 10 years (n = 32,886). Individual food intake was assessed using two 24-hour food records, on non-consecutive days. The environmental impact of individual diets was calculated by multiplying the amount of each food by coefficients that quantify the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (carbon footprint) and freshwater use in liters (water footprint), both per gram or milliliter of food. The two coefficients consider the food life cycle ‘from farm to fork.’ Crude and adjusted linear regression models and tests for linear trends assessed the association between the ultra-processed food contribution to total energy intake (quintiles) and the diet carbon and water footprints. Potential confounders included age, sex, education, income, and region. Total energy intake was assessed as a potential mediation variable. RESULTS In the crude models, the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods was linearly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. After adjustment for potential confounders, the association remained significant only regarding the diet water footprint, which increased by 10.1% between the lowest and highest quintile of the contribution of ultra-processed foods. Additional adjustment for total energy intake eliminated this association indicating that the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods increases the diet water footprint by increasing energy intake. CONCLUSIONS The negative impact of ultra-processed foods on the diet water footprint, shown for the first time in this study, adds to the negative impacts of these foods, already demonstrated regarding dietary nutrient profiles and the risk for several chronic non-communicable diseases. This reinforces the recommendation to avoid ultra-processed foods made in the official Brazilian Dietary Guidelines and increasingly in dietary guidelines of other countries.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary characteristics of participants in the NutriNet Brasil cohort immediately before and during the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS Our data stem from an adult cohort created to prospectively investigate the relationship between diet and morbidity and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil. For this study, we selected the first participants (n = 10,116) who answered twice to a simplified questionnaire on their diet the day before, the first time when entering the study, between January 26 and February 15, 2020, and the second between May 10 and 19, 2020. The questionnaire inquiries about the consumption of healthy (vegetables, fruits and legumes) and unhealthy (ultra-processed foods) eating markers. Comparisons of indicators based on the consumption of these markers before and during the pandemic are presented for the study population and according to gender, age group, macro-region of residence and schooling. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to compare proportions and means, respectively, adopting p < 0.05 to identify significant differences. RESULTS For all participants, we found a modest but statistically significant increase in the consumption of healthy eating markers and stability in the consumption of unhealthy food markers. This favorable pattern of dietary changes during the pandemic occurred in most sociodemographic strata. We observed a less favorable changing pattern, with a tendency to increasing consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers, in the Northeast and North macro-regions and among people with less schooling, suggesting social inequalities in the response to the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS If confirmed, the trend of increased consumption of ultra-processed foods in underdeveloped regions and by people with less schooling is concerning, as eating these foods increases the risk of obesity, hypertension and diabetes, whose presence increases the severity and lethality of covid-19.

The paper explores both ‘official’ historical attempts to counter Lost Cause narratives of the former Confederacy, but also the moves towards re-memorialization in the form of statue removal as well as sites that bring forth what has been lost or excluded in Lost Cause accounts. It thus analyses the post-Reconstruction memorialization of Confederate soldiers via monuments throughout the former Confederacy, on the one hand, and the more recent moves (as seen in the National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery) to document and commemorate the waves of lynchings which occurred during the same period of time (~1880s–1920s) in many of the same areas of the US South.

This series of poems deals with the restoration of religious statues distributed over the Catholic churches scattered over 21 islands of the remote archipelago of Chiloé, off the coast of southern Chile. A group of art restorers worked for years repairing the damages that had occurred over centuries of exposure to the elements, to the beautiful carved wooden images of Jesus, Mary and various Catholic saints. Since there were not enough priests to serve all the scattered population of Chiloé in Colonial times, the traveling priest appointed a fiscal to represent him in each major town, as a religious and legal authority. This position still exists to this day, although with less power than in Colonial times. The man who was serving as fiscal at the time of the restoration collaborated closely with the art specialists, as did various villagers. Even though none of the members of the restoration team was religious, these poems demonstrate the tenderness and respect they demonstrated, both in their dealings with the religious objects and with the devotees of these objects, the islanders. The saints of Chiloé were also beautifully photographed by Chilean photographer Mariana Mathews in 2008, as can be seen at the digital museum Castillo de Niebla: https://www.museodeniebla.gob.cl/sitio/Contenido/Galerias/36142:Santos-silentes-objetos-de-la-escuela-Santeria-de-Chiloe

Many in the US view algebra as a gatekeeper to advanced study of mathematics, and increasing enrollment in algebra courses as a strategy to address unequal access to educational opportunity. As a result, universal enrollment policies, which require all students to complete Algebra I by grade 8 or 9, have garnered attention in school districts or states. Based on a view that school districts are the primary implementers of state and national policy in the US, this study surveyed a nationally representative sample of districts to investigate the prevalence of such policies and their relationship to algebra enrollment. Districts reported substantial increases in Algebra I enrollments in eighth grade, although ninth grade remains the most common year students enroll. Only 26% of districts reported having universal enrollment policies; in these districts, linear regression indicated that an association with higher eighth grade Algebra I enrollment was moderated by poverty level (measured by FRL). As a result, universal policies, while decreasing within-district disparities, may increase disparities between districts. These disparities may be explained by maximally maintained inequality (Raftery Hout, 1993) and effectively maintained inequality theories (Lucas, 2001), which posit that more affluent groups take deliberate action to perpetuate inequalities.

In this E4E (Educating for Environment) pilot project we explored the delivery of inquiry-based environmental education within a small, rural elementary school in Ontario, Canada, using a school-as-a-community model, rather than the more common single grade model. At the outset of the project we wondered if environmental education could be significant in building social capital, that is, building a stronger school community, and also, if the strong school community would respond to their experience with enhanced pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours. Since this paper is based on a small pilot project, not all of our wonderings were realized, yet we are encouraged by our findings and see environmental education as much more than a discrete set of lessons in a science curriculum within a school building. Qualitative data comprising of interviews and a focus group was collected at the completion of the two-week project. Analysis points to benefits in the form of increased understanding of and for the environment, and strengthening of social capital within the school, both of which support the development of environmentally and socially conscientious citizenship amongst participants.

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de algumas questões metodológicas no uso de datas radiocarbônicas para reconstrução de episódios de dispersão humana registrados arqueologicamente. Estudos sobre este tema têm investido em estimar ritmos e direções da expansão espacial de populações. Uma aplicação apropriada para estas técnicas é o povoamento inicial das Américas. Discutimos neste artigo técnicas de regressão para estimar ritmos de frentes de deslocamento e salientamos algumas limitações decorrentes de uma amostragem arqueologica incompleta e de datações radiocarbônicas imprecisas. Apresentamos também resumidamente resultados de um programa recente de datação de sítios previamente escavados na Argentina e no Chile.

El incremento en las operaciones comerciales y los conflictos que se logren incoar por las partes ha contribuido a realizar, por parte del Estado español, diversas acciones de impulso y difusión al Arbitraje de consumo, con el objetivo de brindar a la sociedad un mecanismo diferente de justicia, transparente, sumario, gratuito y que satisfaga las pretensiones de los involucrados en la resolución de conflictos. El objetivo central de esta investigación es el análisis de una forma general del sistema Arbitral de Consumo, su ámbito de aplicación y sus principales características; conjuntamente realizaremos contribuciones de fortalecimiento puntual de adicción al artículo 51.1 de la Constitución Española.

Los periodistas necesitan seguir un proceso, para tomar decisiones éticas acertadas, cuando enfrentan varias alternativas difíciles en su trabajo diario. El caso de estudio sugerido en este artículo plantea el reconocimiento de ciertos principios que guían al periodista y desarrolla un proceso que podría ayudar a resolver eficientemente los dilemas. Reflexionar en torno a estudios de caso y hechos reales, permite aprender habilidades para tomar decisiones éticas que puedan ser explicativas y justificadas a un público escéptico.

This paper reviewed the findings from a national survey in Great Britain which assessed whether dental status affected older people's food selection, nutrient intake, and nutritional status. The survey analyzed national random samples of free-living and institution subjects for dental examination, interview, and four-day food diary as well as blood and urine tests In the free-living sample, intakes of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, calcium, non-heme iron, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly lower in edentulous as compared to dentate subjects. People with 21 or more teeth consumed more of most nutrients, particularly non-starch polysaccharides. This relationship in intake was not apparent in the hematological analysis. Plasma ascorbate and retinol were the only analytes significantly associated with dental status. Having 21 or more teeth increased the likelihood of having an acceptable body mass index (BMI). Thus, maintaining a natural and functional dentition defined as having more than twenty teeth into old age plays an important role in having a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, a satisfactory nutritional status, and an acceptable BMI.Este artigo objetivou revisar os achados do levantamento epidemiológico conduzido no Reino Unido, cuja finalidade foi avaliar a relação entre saúde bucal, ingestão de nutrientes e estado nutricional. Uma amostra representativa dos idosos institucionalizados e não-institucionalizados foi examinada em relação à saúde bucal. Além disso, amostras de sangue e urina foram coletadas e entrevistou-se os idosos, ocasião em que se completou um diário alimentar de quatro dias. Na amostra de idosos não-institucionalizados, o consumo de polissacarídeos não-amido (fibras), proteína, cálcio, ferro nao-hemoglobina, niacina e vitamina C foi significantemente menor em edêntulos do que em não-edêntulos. Idosos com a presença de 21 dentes ou mais consumiram mais nutrientes, principalmente fibras. Ácido ascórbico e retinol plasmático estavam significantemente associados com saúde bucal. Concluiu-se que manter uma dentição natural funcional, definida como ter 21 dentes ou mais, desempenha um importante papel em ter uma dieta saudável rica em frutas, verduras e legumes, um estado nutricional satisfatório e um Índice de Massa Corporal aceitável.

This paper reviewed the findings from a national survey in Great Britain which assessed whether dental status affected older people's food selection, nutrient intake, and nutritional status. The survey analyzed national random samples of free-living and institution subjects for dental examination, interview, and four-day food diary as well as blood and urine tests In the free-living sample, intakes of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, calcium, non-heme iron, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly lower in edentulous as compared to dentate subjects. People with 21 or more teeth consumed more of most nutrients, particularly non-starch polysaccharides. This relationship in intake was not apparent in the hematological analysis. Plasma ascorbate and retinol were the only analytes significantly associated with dental status. Having 21 or more teeth increased the likelihood of having an acceptable body mass index (BMI). Thus, maintaining a natural and functional dentition defined as having more than twenty teeth into old age plays an important role in having a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, a satisfactory nutritional status, and an acceptable BMI.

Estudo crítico sobre distintas exposições de moda realizadas em importantes museus no Mundo contemporâneo, analisando seus impactos nas concepções sobre moda e arte, bem como, as possibilidades das exposições de moda colaborarem na compreensão dos complexos caminhos da Moda Contemporânea e suas relações com os sujeitos.

Estudo crítico sobre distintas exposições de moda realizadas em importantes museus no Mundo contemporâneo, analisando seus impactos nas concepções sobre moda e arte, bem como, as possibilidades das exposições de moda colaborarem na compreensão dos complexos caminhos da Moda Contemporânea e suas relações com os sujeitos.

Este artículo reconoce los esfuerzos hechos en Costa Rica, concernientes a la Educación Sexual. Señala, también, el bajo nivel de logro en este campo, debido a la falta de coordinación entre las instituciones y las personas preocupadas por la Educación Sexual. Y lo más, importante, propone trabajar fuertemente en Educación para el Amor, enfatizando en los principios éticos y filosóficos del Amor, como los fundamentos de la educación de la sexualidad y el sexo.

Documento adjunto

Social policy researchers and policy rules and regulation writers have not taken advantage of advances in assessing ways in which social representations of ideas about people can convey alternative explanations of social life. During the past decade a growing number of scholars have considered how representational practices and the representations that are outcomes of such practices have value. Neglecting to consider representational practices has consequences including failure to mobilize and sustain alternative ideologies that reject narrow perspectives on families and communities. As evidenced by recent OMB rulings on census categories, the dominant sense of meaning of population—and hence family and community—is quite similar to the 17th century sense of people as objects of a particular category in a place from which samples can be taken for statistical measurement. However, the contrastive analysis presented in this paper points out how sustained attention to consequences of use of sets of information categories collected to enumerate population to inform social policy can still materialize. In the wake of federal welfare reform, policy makers are particularly interested in questions of benefit relative to social service delivery and community revitalization. The presentation includes lessons learned from several dozen family, youth, school and community research projects.

ABSTRACT Purpose When swallowing efficiency is impaired, residue accumulates in the pharynx. Cued or spontaneous swallows in the head neutral position do not always successfully clear residue. We investigated the impact of a novel maneuver on residue clearance by combining a head turn with the chin down posture. Methods Data were collected from 26 participants who demonstrated persistent vallecular residue after an initial head neutral clearance swallow in videofluoroscopy. Participants were cued to perform a head-turn-plus-chin-down swallow, with the direction of head turn randomized. Pixel-based measures of residue in the vallecular space before and after the maneuver were made on still frame lateral images using ImageJ software. Measures of % full and the Normalized Residue Ratio Scale (NRRS) were extracted. Univariate analyses of variance were used to detect significant reductions in residue. Results On average, pre-maneuver measures showed residue filling 56-73% of the valleculae, depending on stimulus consistency (NRRS scores: 0.2-0.4). More than 80% of pre-swallow measures displayed NRRS ratios > 0.06, a threshold previously linked to increased risk of post-swallow aspiration. Conclusion The head-turn-plus-chin-down maneuver achieved significant reductions in residue for thin and nectar-thick fluids, suggesting that this maneuver can be effective in reducing persistent vallecular residue with these consistencies.

This paper reviewed the findings from a national survey in Great Britain which assessed whether dental status affected older people's food selection, nutrient intake, and nutritional status. The survey analyzed national random samples of free-living and institution subjects for dental examination, interview, and four-day food diary as well as blood and urine tests In the free-living sample, intakes of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, calcium, non-heme iron, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly lower in edentulous as compared to dentate subjects. People with 21 or more teeth consumed more of most nutrients, particularly non-starch polysaccharides. This relationship in intake was not apparent in the hematological analysis. Plasma ascorbate and retinol were the only analytes significantly associated with dental status. Having 21 or more teeth increased the likelihood of having an acceptable body mass index (BMI). Thus, maintaining a natural and functional dentition defined as having more than twenty teeth into old age plays an important role in having a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, a satisfactory nutritional status, and an acceptable BMI.

ABSTRACT This study describes body weight changes among participants of the NutriNet Brasil cohort (n = 14,259) during the covid-19 pandemic. We analyzed data reported before the pandemic onset (01/26/2020 to 03/18/2020) and about six months after (09/14/2020 to 10/19/2020). Our results show that 19.7% of the participants gained ≥ 2 kg. Weight gain was directly associated with male gender, lower education, and previous presence of overweight, and inversely associated with age. In turn, 15.2% lost ≥ 2kg, being directly associated with male gender and previous presence of overweight and inversely associated with age.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and evaluate its potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil. METHODS This study was conducted in São Paulo with a convenience sample of 300 adults. Using a tablet, participants answered a 3-minute electronic self-report questionnaire on the consumption of 23 subgroups of UPF commonly consumed in Brazil, regarding the day prior the survey. Each participant score corresponded to the number of subgroups reported. The dietary share of UPF on the day prior to the survey, expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, was calculated based on data collected on a 30-minute complete 24-hour dietary recall administered by trained nutritionists. The association between the score and the dietary share of UPF was evaluated using linear regression models. The Pabak index was used to assess the agreement in participants’ classification according to the fifths of Nova score and the fifths of dietary share of UPF. RESULTS The average dietary share of UPF increased linearly and significantly with the increase of the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods. We found a substantial agreement in participants’ classification according to the fifths of the distribution of scores and the fifths of the dietary share of UPF (Pabak index = 0.67). Age was inversely associated with a relatively high frequency of UPF consumption (upper fifth of the distribution) for both score and dietary share of UPF. CONCLUSION The Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods, obtained in a quick and practical manner, shows a good potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To estimate the carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet and of sociodemographic strata of this population. METHODS: Carbon footprint of the diet was estimated based on data from two 24-hour diet records, obtained in 2008 and 2009, from a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years and over (n = 34,003) and on environmental impact coefficients of food and culinary preparations consumed in Brazil (gCO2e/kg). Means with 95% confidence intervals of food consumption (kcal/person/day) and the carbon footprint of the diet (gCO2e/person/day and in gCO2e/2,000kcal) were calculated for the population as a whole and for strata according to sex, age, income, education, macro-regions and Federative Unit. Linear regression models were used to identify significant differences (p < 0.05) in the dietary carbon footprint of different sociodemographic strata. RESULTS: The average carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet was 4,489gCO2e/person/day. It was higher for males, for the age group from 20 to 49 years and for the North and Midwest regions, and tended to increase with income and education. The pattern of association of footprint with sociodemographic variables did not change substantially with adjustment for differences in the amount of food consumed, except for a reduction in the relative excess of the footprint among males and an increase in the relative excess of the footprint in the Midwest region. CONCLUSION: The carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet exceeds by about 30% the footprint of the human diet, which could simultaneously meet the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet and the global goal of containing the increase in the planet's average temperature. The pattern of association of this footprint with sociodemographic variables can help identify priority targets for public actions aimed at reducing the environmental impacts of food consumption in Brazil.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the magnitude of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the adult population (≥ 18 years old) in the capitals of the 27 federative units of Brazil, as well as its association with sociodemographic variables. METHODS Data used in this study stem from participants (n = 52,443) of the 2019 wave of the annual survey of the “National surveillance system for risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey” (Vigitel). The consumption of ultra-processed foods was described based on a score, corresponding to the sum of positive responses to questions about consumption on the previous day of thirteen subgroups of ultra-processed foods frequently consumed in Brazil. Poisson regression models were used to describe the crude and adjusted associations between high consumption of ultra-processed foods (scores ≥ 5) and sex, age group, and level of education. RESULTS The frequency of high consumption of ultra-processed foods was 18.2% (95% CI 17.4–19.0). With or without adjustment for other sociodemographic variables, this frequency was significantly lower in females and decreased linearly with age. In the crude analysis, there was an increase in the frequency of high consumption from the lower level to the intermediate level of education and a decrease in this consumption from the intermediate level to the upper level. In the analysis adjusted for sex and age, the frequency of high consumption of ultra-processed foods was significantly lower at the higher level of education (12 or more years of study), with no differences between the other levels. CONCLUSION Ultra-processed foods are consumed with high frequency in the adult Brazilian population in the 27 capitals of the federation. Being male, younger and having less education than university are conditions that increase, independently, the consumption of these foods.