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Este documento aborda la cuestión de la centralidad del cuerpo en la protesta social. Combina ideas sobre la experiencia del cuerpo vivido tomadas de las teorías de los movimientos sociales, las teorías sociológicas clási‐ cas y las perspectivas feministas. Utilizando datos recogidos a través de la observación etnográfica y de entre‐ vistas, este trabajo explora las prácticas corporales de las vigilias de las “Mujeres de Negro” (WIB) de Israel en Haifa, que se realizan en el espacio público, en tiempo real. El análisis explora las formas en que las WIB drama‐ tizan sus cuerpos individuales con el fin de comunicar un mensaje político opositor de desafío y estudia las formas en que las prácticas corporales de la vigilia dan lugar a un cuerpo colectivo que se convierte en mensa‐ je. Además, se demuestra que el cuerpo colectivo que emerge en la vigilia tiene un doble significado. Es un mensaje metafórico del poder suministrado a la sociedad y, al mismo tiempo, es un cuerpo vívido vibrante, abrazador, cálido que es experimentado por las mujeres como una existencia liminal. Si bien el análisis se cen‐ tra en un caso específico israelí, tiene relevancia general para el estudio del cuerpo en la protesta en otras so‐ ciedades, y constituye una contribución teórica a la comprensión de los procesos dinámicos de protesta en tiempo y espacio real.

The paper addresses the issue of the centrality of the body to social protest. It combines insights from theories of social movements, classical sociological theories and feminist perspectives on the lived body experience. Using data collected through ethnographic observation and interviews the paper explores the bodily practices of the vigils of Women in Black in Haifa Israel as they are performed in the public space, in real time. The analysis explores the ways in which WIB dramatize their individual bodies in order to communicate an oppositional political message of defiance and the ways in which the bodily practices of the vigil give rise to a collective body which becomes the message. It further demonstrates that the collective body that emerges at the site of the vigil has a double meaning. It is both a metaphorical message of power delivered to society and at the same time it is a vibrant, embracing, warm living body which is experienced by the women as having a liminal existence. It is claimed that even though the analysis is focused on a specific Israeli case, it has general relevance to the study of the protesting body in other societies, and it has also a theoretical contribution towards the understanding of dynamic processes of protest in real time and space.

Os Psoroptes spp. são os agentes biológicos responsáveis por causar a sarna psoróptica em ovinos, caprinos, outros ungulados e animais domésticos e silvestres no geral. Foram tradicionalmente separados em espécies considerando-se as preferências de hospedeiro, do local do corpo onde se manifestam e da morfologia dos ácaros machos. Ácaros nas orelhas de coelhos e ovelhas foram chamados de Psoroptes cuniculi, ácaros em cavalos Psoroptes equi e mais recentemente, com base na análise genética todos os Psoroptes spp foram reclassificados em Psoroptis ovis. A doença é altamente infecciosa, causam lesões na derme e infecções bacterianas secundárias podem ocorrer em animais não tratados e em condições de debilidade trazendo perdas e prejuízos aos criadores em geral. As infestações devem ser controladas e erradicadas por meio de fármacos injetáveis e acaricidas administrados por mergulhos ou sprays. É indicada a quarentena dos animais afetados para evitar a propagação dos ácaros no rebanho e no ambiente.

There are complex and diverse methodological problems involved in the clinical and epidemiological study of respiratory diseases and their etiological factors. The association of urban growth, industrialization and environmental deterioration with respiratory diseases makes it necessary to pay more attention to this research area with a multidisciplinary approach. Appropriate study designs and statistical techniques to analyze and improve our understanding of the pathological events and their causes must be implemented to reduce the growing morbidity and mortality through better preventive actions and health programs. The objective of the article is to review the most common methodological problems in this research area and to present the most available statistical tools used.

INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of cancer deaths in women, with increasing incidence and mortality in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the study is identify possible risk factors related to BC. METHODS: An epidemiological study of hospital cases of BC and controls with cervical uterine cancer (CUCA) was carried out at eight third level concentration hospitals in Mexico City. The total of 353 incident cases of BC and 630 controls with CUCA were identified among women younger than 75 years who had been residents of the metropolitan area of Mexico City for at least one year. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in both groups. Variables were analyzed according to biological and statistical plausibility criteria. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Cases and controls were stratified according to the menopausal hormonal status (pre and post menopause). RESULTS: The factors associated with BC were: higher socioeconomic level (OR= 2.77; 95%CI = 1.77 - 4.35); early menarche (OR= 1.32; 95%CI= 0.88 - 2.00); old age at first pregnancy (>31 years: OR= 5.49; 95%CI= 2.16 - 13.98) and a family history of BC (OR= 4.76; 95% CI= 2.10 - 10.79). In contrast, an increase in the duration of the breastfeeding period was a protective factor (>25 months: OR= 0.38; 95%CI= 0.20 - 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the identification of risk factors for BC described in the international literature, in the population of Mexican women. Breastfeeding appears to play an important role in protecting women from BC. Because of changes in women`s lifestyles, lactation is decreasing in Mexico, and young women tend not to breastfeed or to shorten the duration of lactation.

En el presente trabajo se evaluaron la influencia de la corriente eléctrica continua en el mejoramiento de un suelo sódico a nivel de campo (parcelas comerciales) y el rendimiento en el cultivo de pasto estrella (Cynodon plectostachyus) inmediatamente después del respectivo tratamiento. El tratamiento A correspondió a la aplicación de corriente eléctrica continua de 100 m A por electrodo (varilla) para un total de 4 A por tratamiento por espacio de 360 horas (15 días); en el tratamiento B el orden fue el mismo que para el tratamiento A pero por espacio de 240 horas (10 días); el Tratamiento C fue un testigo con drenaje sub-superficial y el tratamiento O correspondió al testigo absoluto. Con la efectividad de los tratamientos A y B se logró un mejoramiento de los suelos tanto en desalinización como desodificación disminuyendo la relación Ca/Mg, modificaciones en las bases intercambiables tanto en la suma como al la proporción en que se encuentra cada uno de ellos, sucediendo todo lo contrario para los testigos.Two main points were examined in this work; the influence of a direct electric current the mejoration of a sodic soil under field conditions (Commercial plots) , and 1he yield of the estrella grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) immediately after treatment. The A treatment corresponded to an application of direct electric current of 100 m A using a bar electrodo to complete 4 A per treatment during 360 hours (15 days); B treatment was as treatment A but for 240 hours (10 days); C treatment was for a control check having a sub-surface shallow drainage and D treatment corresponded to 1he absolute control check. With the effectiveness of A and B treatments a soil reclamation was obtained with desalinization and desodification decreasing the Ca/Mg ratio changing the exchangeable bases either for total sum of cations as for the proportion of each one of them; contrary effects occurred for the control check.

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