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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:03:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 In an analysis on the episode of Laocoon's death, inserted into the account of the Trojan horse, in the Aeneid, we highlight certain meaning effects achieved from the use of some rhetorical figures. In the examples, hyperbaton, alliteration, assonance and anaphora give iconicity contour to the verses; and a rare simile is used as narrative sequence feature, with diegetic function. The simple use of these figures could not provide the text with such a high degree of expressiveness. This leads to a reflection upon the need to always take into account the interpenetration of the planes of language and the solidarity between content and expression as an index of literariness. To contextualize the episode, I offer a decasyllable translation of Virgil's hexameters. This translation seeks to preserve the figures of speech used in Latin and the main meaning effects raised by them. Departamento de Linguística Faculdade de Ciências e Letras Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 1 Departamento de Linguística Faculdade de Ciências e Letras Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 1

As nanopartículas são materiais que possuem pelo menos uma dimensão na faixa de 1 a 100 nm e devido a sua capacidade de interagir com outras moléculas, os nanomateriais apresentam muitas aplicações biotecnológicas. Mesmo com a crescente demanda e utilização de produtos oriundos do campo da nanotecnologia, pouco se sabe dos impactos causados por estes aos sistemas biológicos. Dentre as nanopartículas podemos citar o fulereno (C60), um composto orgânico lipofílico que, potencialmente, poderia servir como carreador de moléculas tóxicas. Tendo-se em vista o conceito de "cavalo de Tróia", onde contaminantes podem ter sua entrada em órgãos específicos potencializada por sua associação com nanopartículas, torna-se imprescindível conhecer as possíveis consequências biológicas desta associação. Hepatócitos de zebra fish, foram expostos ao arsênio, ao fulereno e em forma conjunta (As + C60) por 4 h, período em que a viabilidade celular não foi alterada. A produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio foi reduzida (p0,05) no nível de proteínas oxidadas. A capacidade antioxidante total foi significativamente maior nas amostras de As coexpostas com C60, enquanto que a atividade da GST foi reduzida no tratamento As (100µM) + C60. Todos os resultados encontrados neste trabalho são fortemente sustentados pela comprovação do papel de carreadores das nanopartículas, pois a concentração intracelular de arsênio nas células co-expostas com fulereno apresentou um resultado significativamente maior. Portanto conclui-se que nestas concentrações, durante o tempo de exposição e com o modelo experimental utilizado o nanomaterial fulereno co-exposto com o arsênio apresenta capacidade antioxidante. Futuros estudos são necessários para avaliar a biodisponibilidade intracelular de arsênio depois de ser ligado ao nanomaterial fulereno. Nanoparticles are materials that have at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm and due to its ability to interact with other molecules, they have many biotechnological applications. Even with the increasing demand and use of products from nanotechnology, little is known about the impacts in biological systems. Among nanomaterials, fullerene (C60) is a lipophilic compound that can enter the different cellular compartments and to serve as a carrier to other molecules. The semi-metal arsenic found in water, soil and air is -among several toxic molecules- one that can be considered interesting to evaluate their interaction with fullerene. Taking into account the concept of "Trojan Horse", where contaminants may have its entry into specific organs potentiated by its association with nanoparticles, becomes essential to understand the potential biological consequences of this association. Hepatocytes of zebrafish Danio rerio were exposed to arsenic, fullerene and As+C60 for 4 h, during which the cell viability was stable. Reactive oxygen species production was reduced in the control group and in the As 100 M + C60 treatment; the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH) was reduced (p< 0,05) in the As 2.5 µM+C60 treatment, a result which is in agreement with the absence of lipid damage (TBARS) in the same group. There were no significant differences in oxidized proteins in any of treatment and control group. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in both As concentrations co-exposed to C60. The GST was reduced in the As 100 M+C60 treatment. Cells co-exposed to C60 had a significantly higher accumulation of As, showing a "Trojan Horse" effect that, however, not resulted in higher cell toxicity. Instead, co-exposure with C60 showed to reduce As cellular injury. We concluded that in the tested conditions and with this experimental model, the fullerene presented an antioxidant pattern. Further studies are needed to access the bioavailability of arsenic in the cells after being linked to the fullerene nanomaterials.