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Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The climate impacts of global warming compromise intergenerational environmental justice. While acknowledging this problem, the use and demand for fossil fuels remains high. The discussion was aggravated after the Kyoto Protocol, which established carbon credits policy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the adequacy of this measure, concluding that it is inadequate in the face of the worldwide participation in the market, which prevents the global balance of carbon emissions, and slow carbon feedback. The research, bibliographical and documentary, relates physical science and law, to proceed with deductions and interpretive and critical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fronteira: Revista de Iniciação Científica em Relações Internacionais is the property of Instituto de Ciencias Sociais, Departmento de Relacoes Internacionais, PUC Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mismatch between commitments made by international actors and the persistence of behaviors that breach what was agreed upon is a common phenomenon in international relations. This article aims to investigate this issue by studying the case of the International Climate Change Regime and its effectiveness. By analyzing and comparing the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, based on specialized literature, some explanatory hypotheses are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conjuntura Internacional is the property of Conjuntura Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the Kyoto Protocol several experiences with carbon markets have taken place elsewhere to enhance the cost-effectiveness of climate policies. In these markets emission rights can then be traded among regulated sources to achieve their goals. In the absence of asymmetric transaction costs, the criteria of emission rights does not affect the efficiency of the market but, on the other hand, they generates different distribution of costs and revenues. The aim of this study was to measure the efficiency and equity effects of two different criteria for allocation of emission rights based on a simulation model of a carbon market for the Brazilian industrial sector for the period 2010-2030 with a scenario in which the aggregate target is allocated by industry in proportion to the current sectoral emissions and another where sectoral target protects sectors with higher average mitigation costs. Results showed a reduction of 78-82% in total abatement cost in relation to accomplishing the same target with no market mechanism. In distributive terms the protectionist scenario showed that the metallurgy had its sectoral target raised to reduce the average costs of the others, in particular, the refining sector where abatement costs are much higher. In sum, the simulation exercises confirm the great efficiency of market instruments and emphasizes the political importance of the setting process of emission right allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental is the property of Revista Eletronica em Gestao, Educacao e Tecnologia Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensaios FEE is the property of Fundacao de Economia e Estatistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Montreal and Kyoto Protocols, international treaties, aim at safeguarding the environment and life by controlling the use of gases which deplete the ozone layer and cause the greenhouse effect, respectively, due to industrial and land use activities. The article highlights common points and differences and provides an update discussion about the protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to study the insertion of Brazil in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, through clean energy projects, emphasizing the cooperation between developed and developing countries, and aiming the practical actions that this mechanism allows to buildup in order to reach the sustainable development and to stop the global warming. To achieve this, an intense bibliographic review of the international agreements concerning climate change, and books and articles about the Brazilian insertion on the Kyoto Protocol and on the Clean Development Mechanism was done. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement, which predicts the reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions through flexibly mechanisms. The Clean Development Mechanism is the only one that allows the participation of developing countries, for them to reduce emissions through projects that look for sustainable development. In this context, Brazil emerges as an attractive country to receive these projects, due to its vocation to develop alternative sources of energy and for its leadership on the Protocol's negotiation process. The CDM is therefore a great opportunity to Brazil, since these projects represent a source for financial resources for the country to seek the sustainable development, besides encouraging a greater scientific knowledge and the adoption of new and clean technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]