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FUNDAMENTOS: A eliminação transepidérmica de parasitas (ETEP) tem sido pouco estudada na doença de Jorge Lobo. OBJETIVOS: Identificar aspectos morfológicos da ETEP na doença de Jorge Lobo. MÉTODOS: Recortes de biópsias de doença de Jorge Lobo emblocados em parafina foram corados pela hematoxilina-eosina e examinados. Considerou-se como ETEP, exclusivamente, a presença de parasitas em estruturas epidérmicas. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas no estudo 40 biópsias de 37 pacientes (31 homens e seis mulheres, média de idade 51,03 anos, variação 29-80 anos) realizadas em um período de 37 anos (1967-2003), das quais foram obtidos 511 cortes (média de 12,77 cortes por caso, variação 2-39 cortes por caso). Observou-se ETEP em 110/511 (21,52%) e não se observou em 401/511 cortes (78,48%) (p < 0,0001). Em relação aos pacientes (37), em 15 se verificaram aspectos consistentes com ETEP (40,5%), ao passo que, em 22 deles (59,5%), isso não foi observado (p > 0,05). Os parasitas dispunham-se em infundíbulos hiperplásicos, formando catênulas, ou como unidades isoladas, associados ou não a células inflamatórias. CONCLUSÕES: Aspectos consistentes com ETEP, embora observados em número estatisticamente não significante de pacientes da amostra (p > 0,05), sugerem que, na doença de Jorge Lobo, o fenômeno, invariavelmente, ocorra através do epitélio infundibular. Estudos futuros serão necessários para avaliar sua eventual importância na epidemiologia da micose.BACKGROUND: Few studies have focussed on the transepidermal elimination of parasites in Jorge Lobo's disease (lobomycosis). OBJECTIVE: To identify the morphological features of the transepidermal elimination of parasites in lobomycosis. METHODS: Sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of patients with lobomycosis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic examination. Only the presence of parasites in epidermal structures was considered to constitute transepidermal elimination. RESULTS: Forty biopsies from 37 patients were included in the study (31 males and 6 females). The mean age of patients was 51.03 years (range 29-80 years). Biopsies performed over a period of 37 years (1967-2003) were used, from which 511 sections were obtained (a mean of 12.77 sections per case; range 2-39 sections per case). Transepidermal elimination of parasites was found in 110/511 (21.52%) and was absent in 401/511 sections (78.48%) (p0.05). Parasites in the epidermis were detected within hyperplastic infundibula, either connected in chains or as isolated units, associated or not with inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: Features consistent with transepidermal elimination of parasites were found in a statistically nonsignificant number of patients in the sample (p>0.05), suggesting that in Jorge Lobo's disease, this phenomenon invariably occurs through the infundibular epithelium. Future studies are required to evaluate the significance of this finding in the epidemiology of mycosis.

FUNDAMENTO: No Brasil, a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e seus fatores de risco são pouco conhecidos nas regiões menos desenvolvidas. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da hipertensão arterial na população > 18 anos em São Luís - MA e fatores associados, de acordo com os critérios do Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7). MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal em São Luís - MA, de fevereiro a março de 2003, em 835 pessoas com idade > 18 anos que responderam a um questionário estruturado em domicílio. Foram medidos pressão arterial (PA), peso, altura e circunferência abdominal. Avaliaram-se outros fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. Na identificação dos fatores associados à HA foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de Poisson, com estimativa da razão de prevalências (RP) e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: A idade variou entre 18 e 94 anos (média de 39,4 anos), sendo 293 (35,1%) pessoas normotensas e 313 (37,5%) pré-hipertensas. A prevalência de HA foi de 27,4% (IC95% 24,4% a 30,6%), maior no sexo masculino (32,1%) que no feminino (24,2%). Na análise ajustada permaneceram independentemente associados à HA: sexo masculino (RP 1,52 IC95% 1,25-1,84), idade > 30 anos, sendo RP=6,65, IC95% 4,40-10,05 para idade > 60 anos, sobrepeso (RP 2,09 IC95% 1,64-2,68), obesidade (RP 2,68 IC95% 2,03-3,53) e diabete (RP 1,56 IC95% 1,24-1,97). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de controle do sobrepeso, obesidade e diabete, sobretudo em mulheres e pessoas com idade maior ou igual a 30 anos para a redução da prevalência da hipertensão arterial.BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and its risk factors in the less developed regions of Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its associated factors in the population > 18 years in São Luís, state of Maranhão according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) criteria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in São Luís, MA, from February to March 2003, with 835 individuals >18 years who completed a structured household questionnaire. Measurements of arterial pressure (AP), weight, height and waist circumference were taken, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease were assessed. The Poisson regression method was used for the identification of factors associated with AH, with an estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Age varied from 18 and 94 years (mean age was 39.4 years), 293 (35.1%) individuals were normotensive and 313 (37.5%) were pre-hypertensive. The AH prevalence was 27.4% (95% CI - 24.4% to 30.6%), and it was higher among men (32.1%) than among women (24.2%). In the adjusted analysis, the following remained independently associated with AH: male gender (PR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.25-1.84), age > 30 years, with PR=6.65, 95% CI, 4.40-10.05 for >60 years of age, overweight (PR 2.09 95% CI 1.64-2.68), obesity (PR 2.68, 95% CI, 2.03-3.53) and diabete (PR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.24-1.97). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the need to control overweight, obesity and diabete, especially among women and individuals > 30 years of age in order to reduce the prevalence of arterial hypertension.

Estudo bibliográfico que buscou identificar a produção científica sobre humanização e assistência de enfermagem ao parto normal. As fontes foram artigos científicos da base de dados da SCIELO-Brasil, período 2000 a 2007. Obtivemos como resultado da busca 13 artigos que foram agrupados nas seguintes áreas temáticas: medicalização do parto, humanização da assistência ao parto, acompanhante no parto e atuação da enfermeira obstétrica. A análise apontou que o paradigma atual é centralizado na intervenção do parto, apesar do movimento da humanização defender o parto natural e fisiológico realizado por enfermeira.. Conclui-se que assistência de qualidade e humanizada ao parto e nascimento privilegia o respeito, dignidade e autonomia das mulheres, com resgate do papel ativo da mulher no processo parturitivo.Estudio bibliográfico que buscó identificar la producción científica sobre humanización y asistencia de enfermería al parto normal. Las fuentes fueron artículos científicos de la base de datos de SCIELO-Brasil, de 2000 a 2007. Obtuvimos 13 artículos como resultado de la búsqueda, que fueron agrupados en las siguientes categorías: medicalización del parto, humanización de la asistencia al parto, acompañante en el parto y actuación de la enfermera obstétrica. El análisis apuntó que el paradigma actual es centralizado en la intervención del parto, a pesar de movimientos de la humanización defender el parto natural y fisiológico realizado por enfermera. Concluimos que asistencia de calidad y humanizada al parto y nacimiento privilegia el respecto, dignidad y autonomía de las mujeres, y también el papel activo de la mujer en el proceso de parto.Bibliographical study that sought to identify the scientific production about humanization and nursing assistance to normal childbirth. The sources were scientific articles from SCIELO-Brasil's database, from 2000 to 2007. We obtained 13 articles as result from the search, which were grouped in the following categories: childbirth medicalization, humanization of assistance to childbirth, companion during childbirth and performance of the obstetric nurse. The analysis pointed out that the current paradigm is centralized on childbirth intervention, despite of humanization movements defending the natural and physiological childbirth made by the nurse. We concluded that qualified and humanized assistance to childbirth and birth privileges women's respect, dignity and autonomy, regarding women's active role in the birth process.

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between self-reported race/skin color and two outcomes - psychosocial demand and physical demand at work - in 1,032 workers in an urban cleaning services company and two footwear manufacturers, located in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Psychosocial demand was measured through the Job Content Questionnaire and physical demand was measured through questions about postures and cargo handling. A Cox regression analysis provided prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted by age, gender, and educational level. Among blacks, there is a higher proportion of garbage collectors and a lower proportion of supervisory positions. Black workers are more subject to high psychological demand and low job control and, consequently, to high strain (PR=1.65). Also, they are more exposed to work with arms above shoulder level (PR=1.93), and material handling (PR=1.62), compared to white workers. Brown workers are more exposed to low job control (PR=1.36), work with arms above shoulder level (PR=1.48), and material handling (PR=1.25), also compared with whites. Social support is lower among blacks and brown. The study demonstrated inequities in psychosocial and physical exposures at work that are in line with the structural conception of racism. This evidence can contribute to the adoption of practices that increase equity in the world of work.

Background: Few studies have focussed on the transepidermal elimination of parasites in Jorge Lobo's disease (lobomycosis)., Objective: To identify the morphological features of the transepidermal elimination of parasites in lobomycosis., Methods: Sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of patients with lobomycosis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic examination. Only the presence of parasites in epidermal structures was considered to constitute transepidermal elimination., Results: Forty biopsies from 37 patients were included in the study (31 males and 6 females). The mean age of patients was 51.03 years (range 29-80 years). Biopsies performed over a period of 37 years (1967-2003) were used, from which 511 sections were obtained (a mean of 12.77 sections per case; range 2-39 sections per case). Transepidermal elimination of parasites was found in 110/511 (21.52%) and was absent in 401/511 sections (78.48%) (p<0.0001). Features consistent with the phenomenon were found in 15/37 patients (40.5%) and were absent in 22/37 (59.5%) (p>0.05). Parasites in the epidermis were detected within hyperplastic infundibula, either connected in chains or as isolated units, associated or not with inflammatory cells., Conclusion: Features consistent with transepidermal elimination of parasites were found in a statistically nonsignificant number of patients in the sample (p>0.05), suggesting that in Jorge Lobo's disease, this phenomenon invariably occurs through the infundibular epithelium. Future studies are required to evaluate the significance of this finding in the epidemiology of mycosis.

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and its risk factors in the less developed regions of Brazil., Objective: To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its associated factors in the population > 18 years in São Luís, state of Maranhão according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) criteria., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in São Luís, MA, from February to March 2003, with 835 individuals >18 years who completed a structured household questionnaire. Measurements of arterial pressure (AP), weight, height and waist circumference were taken, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease were assessed. The Poisson regression method was used for the identification of factors associated with AH, with an estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval., Results: Age varied from 18 and 94 years (mean age was 39.4 years), 293 (35.1%) individuals were normotensive and 313 (37.5%) were pre-hypertensive. The AH prevalence was 27.4% (95% CI--24.4% to 30.6%), and it was higher among men (32.1%) than among women (24.2%). In the adjusted analysis, the following remained independently associated with AH: male gender (PR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.25-1.84), age > or = 30 years, with PR=6.65, 95% CI, 4.40-10.05 for > or = 60 years of age, overweight (PR 2.09 95% CI 1.64-2.68), obesity (PR 2.68, 95% CI, 2.03-3.53) and diabetes (PR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.24-1.97)., Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to control overweight, obesity and diabetes, especially among women and individuals > or = 30 years of age in order to reduce the prevalence of arterial hypertension.

Bibliographical study that sought to identify the scientific production about humanization and nursing assistance to normal childbirth. The sources were scientific articles from SCIELO-Brasil's database, from 2000 to 2007. We obtained 13 articles as result from the search, which were grouped in the following categories: childbirth medicalization, humanization of assistance to childbirth, companion during childbirth and performance of the obstetric nurse. The analysis pointed out that the current paradigm is centralized on childbirth intervention, despite of humanization movements defending the natural and physiological childbirth made by the nurse. We concluded that qualified and humanized assistance to childbirth and birth privileges women's respect, dignity and autonomy, regarding women's active role in the birth process.