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This experience report introduces the concept of extension of a project of the Federal University of Paraná, entitled "Integrating Teaching / Service / Community in SUS", as a component of the tripod teaching / research / extension, inseparable constituents of the training process. Based on this understanding, it describes the activities and attempts to demonstrate coherence of practical action with its theoretical basis. The project begins with the evaluation of health services in primary care at the Brazilian Governmental Health System, as well as with the identification of problems, formulation of proposals for solutions and implementation of changes in services aiming at their improvement. Such actions provide a learning process for students and health workers which begins with the syncretic representation of reality, goes through moments of abstraction and returns to reality in a movement of integrating synthesis, facilitating understanding of phenomena beyond their appearance, reaffirming the reality as a truth criterion of produced knowledge. The users are also benefited by better understanding of reality and by the improvement of care services provided by health teams, resulting from this movement. Experiences have been documented and disseminated through presentations at scientific events and publications of articles in periodicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]