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This article aims to describe and analyze social networking among farmers in a municipality in the state of Ceará. For this, the social networking of two farmers and their contacts were mapped, totaling eight participants. For data collection, interviews, observation and the name generator technique for mapping social networking were used. For data analysis, network indicators were used with the help of Ucinet and NetDraw softwares and Content Analysis. The results showed that the two work networks make use of friendship and kinship ties for their functioning, mobilizing social capital to make rural production viable in a configuration similar to socio-productive networks. However, they present differences, since one of the networks is more developed, with more diversified ties and a greater number of paid work relationships and hierarchy. The conclusion is that the networks are part of the organization of the work of farmers and make the production of agricultural goods viable, either through help to carry out activities, or through access to more varied information and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change due to its intrinsic dependence on climatic factors and natural resources, especially family farmers. The impacts of climate change can be minimized through adaptation measures adopted, which must be appropriate to the context of the region. The aim is to identify the perception of producers and rural actors on the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, as well as the adaptation measures adopted, analyzing also the relationship between the perception of producers and rural actors and the climate and agricultural production data of the municipality of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro. Data results from interviews applied to producers and rural actors in Nova Friburgo and in secondary data base (municipal agricultural production and meteorological historical data); they were related to identify interviewees’ perception regarding climate change impacts and adaptation measures adopted. Most rural actors and conventional and organic producers perceive the impacts of climate change on agricultural production; however, they did not identify precisely the year when the impact occurred. The adopted incremental adaptations predominate and coincide with what is described in the scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agroecological rural extension emerges as an alternative to the diffusionist model, establishing a dialog between scientific and traditional knowledge of rural communities. This article is an experience report of the extensionist, rural, agroecological, and academic action in the Zona da Mata region in Minas Gerais state, the Project Agroecological Mutirões Network from Zona da Mata (REMA-ZM). REMA is an academic extension project from the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), in partnership with the Agroecological network Raízes da Mata and the ECOA/UFV center, and has the intent to bring university students into closer contact with agroecological farmers in Viçosa region. The Project was created in March 2019. Since its creation, REMA has developed diverse activities specifically adapted during the pandemic's remote period, such as the elaboration of booklets and videos. However, REMA's main field is the agricultural and collective work in familiar agroecological properties. Currently, it is evaluated that the farmers' families that integrate REMA's actions have established a collective trust dynamic, creating a way of "learning by doing" with dialogue and autonomy in the practical and pedagogical agriculture processes. Friendship, trust, respect, and knowledge's horizontality in REMA's experience are not external attributes imposed on the work. However, they emerge from experiences and bonds between farmers and students and constitute the main point of an educative extensionist practice dialogued between subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of the Amazon, there have been different forms of intervention in the development of the region and, consequently, in the model of agriculture. Such interventions occurred mainly through development strategies for the Amazon, according to the dynamics of the national scenario. This work aims to understand the conservation strategies used by farmers in Novo Remanso. From the methodological point of view, it is presented in a qualitative and quantitative way with an exploratory and descriptive purpose, of a basic nature. Therefore, in order to provide good development, a vast bibliographical, documental and field survey was carried out and the Migration Map was used as a methodological tool. In addition, forms with objective semi-structured questions were applied to 60 farmers residing in the study area. The results indicate that family farming in the community of Novo Remanso follows the traditional patterns of land use in the region, exploring the available resources to guarantee its self-sufficiency through diversified agricultural production and maintaining the diversity of species in the plantations. It is feasible in the speech of some of the interviewed farmers to nature as an element of concern, the results elucidate for an environmental perception of the family farmer close to the concept of a naturalistic perception of the environment. In this context, the study of conservation strategies in family farming should not be an isolated factor, but linked to several other factors that determine, in an integrated way, actions that lead to improvements in the living conditions of farmers, product quality and natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the extension practices developed by the Regional Institute for Appropriated Small Farming and Animal Husbandry (IRPAA by its acronym in Portuguese), with the objective of analyzing the theoretical-methodological foundations that guide the interventions of this organization with family farmers in the Sertão do São Francisco territory, in the semi-arid region of Bahia. With a qualitative theoretical-methodological support, the research was developed based in three interrelated and complementary methodological processes: the bibliographical research, the survey of primary sources, and the semi-structured interview, which privileged the face-to-face interaction with the subjects of the survey, who were five farmers, five extension technicians, two coordinators. The research showed that the practices developed by IRPAA are intertwined with the systematization, construction and sharing of the Coexistence with the Semiarid Region. From this perspective, the interventions carried out by IRPAA are based on the organization's own historical trajectory, considering its emergence from the Base Ecclesial Communities of the Catholic Church, from popular education and from the confrontation of the paradigm of combating the drought. Based on listening, knowledge of reality, problematization and participation, the methodological processes undertaken by the organization seek to overcome the historical trajectory of anti-educational, anti-dialogical and diffusionist Rural Extension and Tech Support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that public policies for productive inclusion are guided by different references forces the social mediators to articulate them and make them coherent for the target public, which becomes a task they are not always able to carry out. Furthermore, among the mediators themselves, there is also no single conception of what is meant by productive inclusion. In this sense, from a dialogue with the sociology of translation approach (CALLON, 1981; 1986; LATOUR, 2000), the aim is to analyze the role of social mediators in the processes of innovation and productive inclusion of family farmers in the context of the rural extension of the state of Tocantins. The study is qualitative, using the interview technique. It is concluded that the rural extension service has a strategic role in promoting the productive inclusion of family farmers by fostering innovation and facilitating access to specific public policies that address their reality. For this, the mediators need to position themselves in the translation process more as “communicators” than “transmitters”, so that they can advance in the definition of more specific references of their performance in line with the diversity of social segments of family farming and also in the unification of discourses and actions among the participating actors in the interventionist process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, Brazil has followed an increase in the debate on the relevance of family farming, mainly concerning its importance as a transformation agent of the rural and for regional development. Thus, education, understood as a transforming agent, gains a fundamental role. In this sense, this work aimed to understand the perception of family farmers in the municipality of Vitorino, Paraná, about education in rural areas and its importance as a strategic element for the maintenance of young people in the countryside. For this, interviews were conducted with twenty family farmers in the municipality. From the interviews, it was possible to understand that although most rural schools in the municipality were closed, rural children and youth have access to education, but in urban schools. However, the urban curriculum, for the most part, does not value the rural way of life, which ends up contributing to the exodus of rural youth. In this sense, it is important to create educational strategies and public policies to strengthen the succession and permanence of young people in the countryside, ensuring the social reproduction of family farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to identify the principles of popular education that contribute to and support the structuring of processes for the formation in agroecology. Historically, we situate the experiences and conceptions of popular education in order to understand its relation with the development of educational experiences that became part of this educational concept. We start from the historical experience of the Agroecological Movement in the development of training processes with field workers in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used as research procedures document analysis, bibliographical research and semi-structured interviews. The principles and practices of popular education manifest themselves and support the pedagogical organization of the Agroecological Movement in the following way: a) elaboration of study and socialization methods and techniques; b) creation of favorable environments for the joint experimentation and systematization of alternative technologies developed among technicians, farmers, researchers; c) development of pedagogical resources and participatory methodologies aimed at rural extension; d) knowledge dialogue, that is, through the interaction between different forms of knowledge; e) educational principle of peasant work; and f) critical and democratic pedagogical posture in conducting educational processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the Material Culture of Mandiquera and the proposition of the Cultural Curriculum for the school context of rural schools in the Amazon Bragantina, State of Pará. Methodologically, it used the New Cultural History approach in the observation of the cultural artifacts of peasant farmers for production of Mandiquera. The use of images and interviews, allowed data collection. Data analysis took place through the systematic organization of the web of knowledge, proposed by Freire (1987); and the production and appropriation of subjects about these artifacts, in the studies of Certeau (2014) and Chartier (1991). It was verified that the Material Culture of Mandiquera, as a generating theme, consists of four thematic axes, together with the following cultural artifacts: "(Mandiocaba); (the use of caititu), (grater), (electric motor), (wooden spoon), (aluminum pan); (cloth and sieve); (shaggy brush, plastic and aluminum containers) ". In addition, it was identified that the association of these axes generates meanings about "Agroecological Practices and Peasant Food", and the material culture of Mandiquera is the guide for organizing matrixes and cultural curricula, where the dialogue between educators in rural schools and practices productive activities of peasant farmers serve to register and make artifacts visible as an educational public policy strategy, legitimizing them, as historical heritage of the Bragantina Amazon, Brazil and the World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes aspects related to rural succession, which occur in family farming establishments. The information was collected, using the case study methodology, through 219 interviews, composed of closed questionnaires. They were carried out in the municipalities of Francisco Beltrão, Itapejara D'Oeste and Verê, in the state of Paraná (PR); Concórdia, in Santa Catarina (SC); Augusto Corrêa, Tomé-Açú and Viseu, in Pará (PA); Petrolina, in Pernambuco (PE); and in the municipalities of Uauá and Cruz das Almas, in Bahia (BA), a total of ten municipalities, in the five Brazilian states. This investigation aims to seek evidence on the social, economic and cultural relations that govern and influence the generational succession in rural establishments. The study made it possible to prove that almost half of family farmers have no guarantee of possible successors, as a significant part of them want other forms of monetary income, outside the establishments, including through emigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the experience of family farmers in Matinha, in the rural area of São Luís (MA), from the establishment of institutional markets, as recognized in the production process, the transformations in the production units to the resumption and expansion of traditional crops and productive diversification, in order to verify what are the socioeconomic implications of the PAA in the relations of commercialization of the food produced by the farmers, through its operationalization managed under the articulation at the federal, state and municipal level. To achieve this goal, in the years 2017 and 2018, interviews were conducted with 12 farmers, with the coordinators of the PAA at the municipal and state level and the coordinator of the program's logistics. The results and conclusion show that the insertion of Matinha's farmers in the institutional market represented significant changes, on the one hand, in their various forms of organization of production and, consequently, in the disposal of food, and on the other hand, access to the program. it also expresses some obstacles for these farmers, due to bureaucratic requirements and contingency of financial resources, since 2017, which has been accentuated in the current context of the Bolsonaro government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "new" markets are social constructions based on specificities that result from the processes of product differentiation. This article analyzes the contribution of the "new" markets to the productive inclusion of family farmers and then discusses which markets public policies have been potentiating in the state of Tocantins. The methodology used the technique of interviews, which were carried out with rural extension workers and public managers who work with the public of family farming. The results suggest that the differential of the "new" markets is the rapprochement between family farmers and consumers. It is concluded that institutional markets, fostered by public policies: Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and National School Feeding Program (PNAE), in addition to local fairs, are the main markets accessed by family farmers. In turn, extension workers are considered essential to "bridge" the gap for the insertion of farmers in these "new" markets and also for access to public policies that empower them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family farming plays a key role in the generation of income and supplying urban centres with fresh food. However, the knowledge about the profile of family farmers, especially in the Northeast of Brazil is scarce. In light of this, this paper analyzes the regional influence of the Guanambi (BA) municipal marketplace, formed mostly by family farmers. The analyzes were based on data from field research with family farmers and consumers at the free market in Guanambi (BA), in addition to on-site observations. Among the results, it was identified that the Guanambi marketplace contributes to regional development since most rural properties are located within 100 km of the Guanambi. Most family farmers are unaware of production and transportation costs, confirming the precariousness of the management and control of costs on family farms. Regarding consumers, the quality of products and the price of goods attract consumers up to 19 km from Guanambi. However, the lack of intercity transport is observed in the transportation mode used by producers and consumers. The results make evident the importance of improving public policies with the inclusion of financial management programs and transportation cost calculations for the consolidation of family farming in the regional context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production for self-consumption in Brazil until recently was associated with backwardness and subsistence agriculture, which would tend to disappear. However, issues related to changes in the agri-food system and the emergence of criticism of the excessive industrialization of agriculture and its social and environmental consequences give new meaning to the subject, which is now subject of research. Given the scarce knowledge produced on the subject, this article aims to characterize the food production for selfconsumption in the western region of Santa Catarina (Brazil), surveying ways and quantities of this production and identifying the reasons why farmers stopped producing some products, besides verifying the economic importance of production for self-consumption. This is a quantitative research covering 112 municipalities, with the application of 381 questionnaires to family farmers in the western region of Santa Catarina. As a result, it was observed that production for self-consumption is present in all properties, even those producing raw materials for large agri-food companies. This production is characterized by its diversification and contributes decisively to the food and nutritional security of farmers in the region. Differences in spatial distribution related to the quantity and variety of what is produced for household consumption were also noted, and the main causes that led farmers to stop producing some products were raised. It was also observed the economic importance of production for self-consumption, because the interviewees reported saving a good part of monthly income, not having to buy the food produced in the family farm in the grocery stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial occupation in the Northwest Region of Rio Grande do Sul has consolidated production units with different characteristics. Thus, this study has aimed to analyze and to diagnose farming production in the city of Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul, to propose development strategies. So, studies have been carried out in farming evolution, agroecological zoning, topology, modeling and technical, economic and environmental characterization of production systems. This research has been carried out through semistructured interviews with thirty-five farmers, in two stages, in the years of 2016 and 2017, as well as using secondary data and maps. As a result, it has found that the soils are favorable to the practice of farming, with family production units predominating. In the last twenty years, there has been substantial growth in cattle production, grains, fruit and vegetables and a reduction in pig farming and soybean cultivated area. Four agroecological zones have been characterized from the perspective of development and the agrarian history has been gathered into four periods according to ecological, technical and socioeconomic facts. Thirteen types of production systems and five special cases have been identified. Only the family case with grain production and sale of surpluses does not reach the level of social reproduction, that is to say, monthly agricultural income of a minimum wage per unit of family work, plus a thirteenth salary. These farmers should have priorities for action, as well as family farmers who have low cattle production. It is recommended to invest in projects to convert or adapt production, technical assistance and environmental advice for these farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1990s, food processing activities have changed, stimulated by the politicalgovernmental context, which induced new forms of production and commercialization within the scope of Brazilian agriculture. Among these changes, several public policies were developed with the purpose of regulating the production, processing and food markets of family farming. Considering this context, this article aims to discuss what the role of public policies are in the changes of behavior and interpretation from family farmers that are processing food. The research was developed in 4 different regions in state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, according to Regional Development Councils (Coredes): Corede Jacuí Centro, Corede Sul, Corede Vale do Rio dos Sinos and Corede Hortênsias. Interviews have been conducted with 64 families, which process food in the rural area, with the assistance of a semi-structured form (with qualitative and quantitative questions), field diaries and observations. In the data analysis, it was used qualitative (technique called tenor analyzis) and quantitative (likert scale). A typology has been constructed to describe the trajectories of families in the processing food activities, which represents how 4 different groups have started processing food and how they have changed the techniques over time. The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) has been influencing transformations in the family habits, which has been identified by changes in the production and selling of food. Moreover, these changes might be explained by the management process of this program, which involves new collective actions in the context of processing food activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work aims to analyze the motivations that led family farmers to undertake the transition from the modernized to the organic production system and to understand the types and effects of the novelties built along their trajectory in the activity of organic milk. The investigation was carried out with nine family farmers and eight technicians from different institutions and organizations that accompany and assist the families, totaling 17 semi-structured interviews (with qualitative and quantitative data collection), covering nine municipalities, all belonging to the Far West Region of Santa Catarina (REOC). To achieve this objective, the theoretical perspective mobilized was the Multilevel and Co-Evolutionary (PMN) and the notion of novelties in rural and regional development. As relevant results and conclusions, the investigation points out that the main motivations of farmers to make the transition from the modernized to the organic system are the frequent problems with contamination with pesticides, the low income earned and the environmental unsustainability of the production processes. As for the types of novelties, the research showed that in the trajectory of development of the Organic Milk Productive System (SPLO), three interconnected sets of novelties were built, the productive, technological and environmental. The main effects of these three types of novelties in SPLO are the increase in economic income from the experiences and the levels of environmental sustainability of the farmers production and work process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a discussion about the current model of agricultural development of cultivated lands in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. We discuss the causes of environmental transformations and the means of production that generate various implications on indigenous peoples, family farmers, and already fragile biomes, as well as the issue of human health and food safety. Finally, the article presents a proposal, based on ecologically correct alternatives, towards the construction of environmental sustainability and social welfare of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the institution of the National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture in 1995, financial resources for family agriculture had a previously non-existent access channel. Among the subprograms of Pronaf is the line focused on agroecology, instituted from the 2003/2004 harvest, which has low access. In this context, the article presented here results from a research that seeks to analyze limits and potentialities in the access of family farmers to the Pronaf Agroecology line in the Cantuquiriguaçu / PR Citizenship Territory. Exploratory descriptive instruments were used, through a case study collecting data with family farmers and agents of financial institutions, seeking to compare and compare the answers about the lack of access to the subprogram in the region. The results indicate that the family farmers interviewed have an interest in accessing the resources, but due to lack of knowledge, difficulties regarding the requirements, fears about indebtedness and interest rates, this does not happen. In the case of financial institutions what has been observed is that the line is not attractive in financial terms to be made available. Consequently, there is no clear understanding of how it works and there is a need for technical assistance to be more effective in instructing, guiding and assisting family farmers to submit viable projects to financial institutions. Overcoming these limits can be a means of harnessing the potential of agroecological production, so important and necessary for social, environmental and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text problematizes the social and work relations between integrated poultry farmers and meatpacking plants in the mesoregion of southern Santa Catarina, Brazil. The research in history works with bibliographical references, official documents, and interviews realized from the methodology of oral history. In this way, it addresses the experience of integrated poultry farmers linked to the meatpacking plants, observing in recent times the organized movement of poultry farmers and their struggle in the subordinate labor relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is part of the results of the ongoing research project entitled "Analysis of the role of family farmers in generating technological solutions for agriculture". Objective: 1) to understand the role of family farmers as relevant agents in the generation of materialized knowledge in new processes, products, techniques and technologies for agriculture; 2) identify which paths lead to the production of this knowledge and what their transformation potentials. For the localization of the solutions generated by the farmers, a network of collaborators was created who applied a form - built in partnership between the agents - in 2017 and 2018. Subsequently, the collected data was organized and systematized. The contributors (project team of teachers, researchers, and students) located 58 techniques, technologies, processes, or products generated by family farmers. From the solutions found, a research team conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with agents responsible for creating new processes, techniques or equipment for family farming. It was concluded that the generation of own technological solutions is a characteristic and defining element of family farmers as a category, considering that they establish and have clarity about the objectives of their socioeconomic activity, while developing each of the existing tasks in your productive unit. This feature allows the family farmer to identify the problems of each process and think of ways to solve it, either by modifying a production method or by creating a new machine or equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current cooperatives and associations that still persist in The Convention, has intense struggles carried out by the peasants of the time, during the decade of 1940 to 1960, with the objective of staying active. Historically, cooperativism emerged in Europe, in Wales at the end of the 18th century. However, in the South American continent, the Peruvian case, the first coffee cooperative, arises in the province of La Convención, located in the department of Cusco. The coffee cooperative, emerged from the first union, organized by farmers, as a result of violence, oppression, unfair prices to products, abuse and slavery by the landowners. The objective of this work, seeks to analyze the process of the emergence and creation of cooperatives in Peru, specifically in the region of Cusco, because the first historical cooperative emerged in this region, which was driven by farmers. The methodology adopted will be based on the bibliographic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)