18 results on '"potentiometric titration"'
Search Results
2. Potentiometric determination of Nickel (II) ion using 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-N-cyanoacetohydrazone as electroactive material
- Author
-
Harish Kumar Sharma, Pernita Dogra, Akhilesh Kumar Gupta, and Fardad Koohyar
- Subjects
ion selective electrode ,Schiff's base ,Ni2+ ,FIM ,potentiometric titration ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A potentiometric Nickel sensor was prepared using 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-N-cyanoacetohydrazone as electro-active material and epoxy resin as a binding material. A membrane composed of 40% Schiff's base and 60% epoxy resin exhibited the best performance. The membrane showed excellent response in the concentration range of 0.15 ppm to 0.1 mol L- 1 Ni+2 ions with non-Nernstian slope of 22.0 mV/decade, had a rapid response time (less than 10 s), and can be used for three months without any considerable loss of potential. The sensor was useful within the pH range of 1.3 to 9.6, and was able to discriminate between Ni2+ and a large number of alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The practical utility of the sensor has been demonstrated by using it successfully as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Ni2+ with EDTA and oxalic acid.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Desenvolvimento de um titulador baseado na contagem de gotas Development of a titrator based on drop counting
- Author
-
André Fernando Oliveira, Alexandre Correa Lima, Astréa F. Souza Silva, and Rodrigo de Maio Almeida
- Subjects
titrator ,potentiometric titration ,low-cost titrator ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
TitDrop II, a practice low-cost titrator based on drop counting is proposed. A microcomputer counts drops in an opto-switch and it receives pH values from a commercial pHmeter with RS-232 serial port. The volume of drops must kept constant and the amount of base in each drop is obtained by standardization in the titrator. A linear behavior between height of reservoir of titrant and drop frequency was observed, but there is no influence of low height on drop volume. Acetic acidity in samples of vinager was compared with volumetric titration, and deviation between -2.6 to 3.9% was observed.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Construção artesanal de um eletrodo íon seletivo a chumbo(II): uma alternativa para disciplinas experimentais Homemade construction of a lead(II) ion selective electrode: an alternative to experimental subjects
- Author
-
Jonatas Gomes da Silva, Arilson Lehmkuhl, and Silvia Keli de Barros Alcanfor
- Subjects
ion selective electrode ,lead ,potentiometric titration ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This works proposes a homemade construction of a lead(II) ISE of solid membrane (Ag2S/PbS) to determine Pb2+ ions in potentiometric titrations, using damaged combined glass electrodes. This electrode can be constructed in teaching laboratories, using it as a learning tool related to the theoretical principle of ISE. The analytical curve obtained (y = 27.056x + 337.58; R = 0.996) was linear on the range of 1 x 10-5 to 1 mol L-1 and has presented a very close behavior of the Nernstian. The homemade ISE has presented a similar selectivity to the commercial electrodes, showing to be a good alternative to the experimental activities on teaching laboratories.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Titulação potenciométrica aplicada na determinação de ácidos graxos livres de óleos e gorduras comestíveis
- Author
-
Osawa Cibele Cristina, Gonçalves Lireny Ap. Guaraldo, and Ragazzi Sidnei
- Subjects
free fatty acid determination ,potentiometric titration ,oil and fat quality ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Free fatty acids are a measure of evaluating fats and oils, submitted to abusive conditions, besides being a quality characteristic of edible vegetable oils. The official method of determination (AOCS Ca 5a-40, 2004) is based on titration, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. For crude and degummed oils, the titration end point is difficult to be observed due to the high level of pigments, resulting in dark solutions. In this case and others, such as self-life studies, in which sample quantities are limited, potentiometric titration may be a very good alternative.
- Published
- 2006
6. Desenvolvimento de métodos para caracterização de nanomateriais incorporados em substratos têxteis
- Author
-
Novais, Rui Filipe Silva, Silva, Carlos J. R., Ornelas, Mariana, and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Potentiometric titration ,Nanocapsules ,Nanotecnologia ,Textile ,Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais ,Têxtil ,Nanotechnology ,Nanocápsulas ,Titulação-potenciométrica - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Técnicas de Caracterização e Análise Química, A nanotecnologia é um dos ramos da ciência que mais se desenvolveu nos últimos anos. À medida que produtos contendo nanomateriais surgem no mercado, cresce a preocupação pública sobre a segurança, a qual deve ser conhecida e claramente determinada. O mercado atual impõe, cada vez mais, o controlo de qualidade e segurança dos novos produtos que vão sendo desenvolvidos. A aplicação destes em diversos setores industriais obriga ao desenvolvimento de métodos de quantificação sobretudo em áreas que afetam diariamente o quotidiano do Homem, nomeadamente em produtos têxteis. O principal objetivo desta dissertação consistiu no desenvolvimento de métodos expeditos e eficientes para caraterizar nanomateriais impregnados em substratos têxteis. Utilizou-se o método de titulação potenciométrica afim de quantificar os grupos funcionais carboxílicos nos diferentes nanomateriais, sendo possível construir curvas de calibração para cada um destes. Nesta dissertação, foram quantificadas nanocápsulas vazias e nanocápsulas cheias (formulação Y e formulação Z) pelo método desenvolvido. Ao longo do trabalho experimental, os nanomateriais foram quantificados em solução e em diferentes substratos têxteis nomeadamente algodão e poliamida com e sem tratamento, sendo estudada a solidez à lavagem. Utilizaram-se 4 ligantes com o intuito de melhorar a ligação do nanomaterial ao substrato têxtil, estudando o efeito da sua concentração no método de quantificação. Conclui-se que a poliamida influencia os resultados obtidos quando se usa ligante L e também no estudo da solidez à lavagem para a formulação Z. Também se verificou, que na globalidade os agentes de ligação não influenciam o método, contudo numa concentração de 5 % (v/v) o ligante L melhora a ancoragem das nanocápsulas ao têxtil. Foi igualmente desenvolvido, um método espetrofotométrico baseado no uso do corante Acid Orange que se revelou capaz de detetar, mas não quantificar o analito (NCs vazias) em poliamida hidrolisada, e que foi validado através da análise por MEV., Nanotechnology is one of the branches of science that shows an increase importance in recent years. As nanomaterials products became available on the market, the public concern about its safety has grown as this should be publicly known and clearly determined. The current market strongly imposes quality control and safety to new products being developed. The application of nanomaterials in various industrial sectors requires the development of quantification methods, especially in areas that affect consumers like the textile products. The main goal of this dissertation is the development of expeditious and efficient methods to characterize impregnated nanomaterials in textile substrates. The potentiometric titration method was used in order to quantify the carboxylic functional groups in the different nanomaterials, making it possible to set up calibration curves for each of these. In this dissertation, empty nanocapsules and filled nanocapsules (formulation Y and formulation Z) were quantified by the developed method. Throughout the experimental work, the nanomaterials were quantified in solution and in different textile substrates namely cotton and polyamide with and without treatment, studying their stability to washability. Four ligands were used to improve the bonding of the nanomaterial to the textile substrate, analyzing the effect of their concentration in washability tests It was determined that the polyamide has influence on the results obtained when using the L crosslinker and also on the washability study for the Z formulation. Globally, it was found that the use of L crosslinker with a 5% (v/v) concentration of improves the attachment of the nanocapsules to the textile. It was also developed a spectrophotometric method based on the use of Acid Orange dye that was proven capable of detect but not quantify the analyte (Empty NCs) in hydrolyzed polyamide, that was confirmed by SEM analysis., Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto “SKHINCAPS – SKin Healthcare by Innovative NanoCAPsuleS”, que recebeu financiamento do Programa de Investigação e Inovação Horizonte 2020 da União Europeia ao abrigo do contrato de subvenção nº 685909.
- Published
- 2018
7. A voltammetric study on the adsorption of Cd(II) e Zn(II) on marine microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis
- Author
-
Kamila dos Santos Maguerroski, Jorge Cesar Masini, Renato Sanches Freire, and André Henrique Rosa
- Subjects
Metal ,Anodic stripping voltammetry ,Adsorption ,Titration curve ,Chemistry ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,visual_art ,Potentiometric titration ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Titration ,Equilibrium constant ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A capacidade de ligação de prótons e metais por células vivas da microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Kylin) butcher foi estudada por titulação potenciométrica e voltametria de redissolução anódica, respectivamente. Dados da titulação alcalimétrica obtidos com uma suspensão de microalga suspensa em NaCl 0,60 mol L-1 a 25,0 ± 0,1 ºC foram tratados por um modelo de distribuição discreta de sítios baseado na linearização das curvas de titulação por funções de Gran modificadas. A concentração total de sítios ionizáveis foi 3,4 x 10-3 mmol g-1, divididos em quatro classes de grupos com pKa 4,4; 5,2; 7,0 e 9,3, cujas abundâncias relativas foram 13, 5,8, 8,2 e 73%, respectivamente. Ligação de Cd(II) e Zn(II) foi estudada em água do mar (pH 8,2) por adições de soluções dos cátion metálicos em soluções simples ou misturas binárias. O cálculo das concentrações dos metais a partir dos dados voltamétricos considerou o agregado célula-metal tendo difusão muito menor do que a do íon livre. Capacidades de adsorção e o logaritmo das constantes de equilíbrio condicionais foram 7,9 ± 0,9 µmol g-1 e 6,9 ± 0,3 L g-1 para Cd(II) e 18,1 ± 0,4 µmol g-1 e 8,8 ± 0,2 L g-1 para Zn(II). Nas titulações com misturas binárias as capacidades de adsorção foram 0,129 ± 0 ,008 e 18,1 ± 0,4 µmol g-1 de Cd(II) e Zn(II), respectivamente, sugerindo que a ligação de Zn(II) inibe a de Cd(II). Entretanto, mesmo na presença de Zn(II) a superfície de alga possui sítios minoritários que se ligam a Cd(II) (log Kads = 7,7 ± 0,2), o que pode causar a bioacumulação desse íon metálico tóxico. Proton and metal binding capacities of living cells of the microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis (Kylin) butcher were determined by potentiometric titration and anodic stripping voltammetry, respectively. Data of alkalimetric titration of the microalgae suspension obtained in 0.60 mol L-1 NaCl at 25.0 ± 0.1ºC was treated by a discrete site distribution model based on the linearization of the titration curve by modified Gran functions. A total of 3.4 x 10-3 mmol g-1 ionizable sites were determined, divided in four classes of groups with pKa 4.4, 5.2, 7.0 and 9.3, whose relative abundances were 13, 5.8, 8.2 and 73%, respectively. Binding of Cd(II) and Zn(II) was studied in seawater (pH 8.2) by additions of either single metallic species or binary mixtures. Computation of free metal concentrations from the voltammetric data considered the cell-metal aggregates with diffusion coefficient significantly lower than that of free metal ions. Adsorption capacities and the logarithm of the conditional equilibrium constants were 7.9 ± 0.9 µmol g-1 and 6.9 ± 0.3 L g-1 for Cd(II) and 18.1 ± 0.4 µmol g-1 and 8.8 ± 0.2 L g-1 for Zn(II). For titrations with binary mixtures of Cd(II) and Zn(II ) the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) were 0.129 ± 0.008 µmol g-1 and 18.1 ± 0.4 µmol g-1, respectively. The results suggest that binding of Zn(II) inhibits that of Cd(II). However, even in the presence of Zn(II), the alga surface has some minor sites that can bind Cd(II) (log Kads = 7.7 ± 0.2), a process that can lead to bioaccumulation of this toxic metal ion.
- Published
- 2014
8. Determinação da constante de dissociação (Ka) do captopril e da nimesulida: experimentos de química analítica para o curso de farmácia
- Author
-
Airton Vicente Pereira, Aline Ansbach Garabeli, Patrícia Cristine Borck, and Grazieli Delponte Schunemann
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Carboxylic acid ,Potentiometric titration ,Captopril ,General Chemistry ,nimesulide ,Dissociation constant ,lcsh:Chemistry ,captopril ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Spectrophotometry ,medicine ,Titration ,Nuclear chemistry ,Nimesulide ,medicine.drug ,dissociation constant (Ka) - Abstract
This paper presents the determination of the dissociation constant (Ka) of captopril and nimesulide as contextualized experiments to teach chemical concepts to students of Pharmacy. Captopril is an antihypertensive drug, which presents high water-solubility and weak acid properties. The pKa of carboxylic acid group of captopril is 3.7. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparingly soluble in water. It is weakly acidic (pKa ≈ 6.5) because of its methanesulfonamide functional group. The pKa of captopril was determined by potentiometric titration with NaOH 2.0 x 10-2 moL L 1. The pKa of nimesulide was determined by using spectrophotometry and photometric titration. The experimental values of pKa of both drugs are in very good agreement with those from literature
- Published
- 2011
9. Constantes de acidez de ácidos dipróticos a partir de titulações potenciométricas: ilustração dos princípios do cálculo através da construção de um algoritmo muito simples
- Author
-
Elsa M. Gonçalves and António C. L. Conceição
- Subjects
lcsh:Chemistry ,Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules ,algorithm ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Calculation algorithm ,Potentiometric titration ,Thermodynamics ,General Chemistry ,potentiometric titrations ,Diprotic acid ,dissociation constants ,Mathematics - Abstract
This work describes the creation of an very simple calculation algorithm, based in basic chemical and mathematic principles, for the calculation of weak diprotic acid dissociation constants as, for example, amino acids, from potentiometric titrations. For an easier understanding of the algorithm the logical reasoning of this calculus is schematized in a diagram of blocks. In the second part of the work the algorithm is applied to an Excel calculation sheet to determine the dissociation constants of Nicotinic Acid and Glycine, from the respective potentiometric titration curves. The values obtained using this algorithm are compared with those estimated by Hyperquad2008 (program generally used for this type of calculus) and also with the values of a stability constants database.
- Published
- 2011
10. Atributos da validação do método analítico para quantificação da biotina empregando a técnica potenciométrica
- Author
-
Gonçalves, Gabriela Soldi [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Batistuti, José Paschoal [UNESP]
- Subjects
Potentiometric titration ,Titulação potenciométrica ,Validation ,Quimica analitica ,Biotin ,Validação - Métodos analíticos ,Biontina - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_gs_me_arafcf.pdf: 376750 bytes, checksum: d261fb301fa1b4c966236fbf2eb5c9d0 (MD5) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um método analítico para determinação de biotina, utilizando-se a potenciometria indireta. O objetivo é apresentar a validação de método analítico como um processo que estime a eficiência do método proposto na rotina do laboratório para garantia da qualidade total. É um método que envolve equipamento simples e pouco dispendioso como o potenciômetro, que possibilita medir com precisão o valor da concentração de biotina. O doseamento quantitativo de biotina baseia-se no estudo das reações oscilantes do analito perante as análises da titulação indireta utilizando potenciômetro automático. A concentração de biotina foi determinada com massa adicionada conhecida numa matriz que simula uma cápsula, contendo aerosil (1%), estearato de magnésio (1%), celulose microcristalina (20%), amido (40%) e lactose q.s.p. Os resultados mostraram um valor médio de biotina (massa adicionada de aproximadamente 25 mg) determinada de 99,4% com desvio-padrão de 0,0345. As condições experimentais como temperatura, vidraria e concentração dos reagentes foram otimizadas. Os parâmetros investigados no processo de validação para demonstrar o desempenho do método foram: especificidade, linearidade, intervalo, precisão tanto repetitividade, quanto intermediária, exatidão e robustez. O tratamento estatístico dos dados da validação do método analítico envolveu a determinação da média, do desvio padrão e do coeficiente de variação. Para obtenção da curva de calibração se fez necessária a determinação da equação da reta, regressão linear e coeficiente de correlação linear. Este método apresenta grande aplicabilidade em soluções turvas, fluorescentes, opacas ou coradas, ou quando não existem, ou não podem aplicar-se indicadores visuais apropriados. Há possibilidade de determinação... The present work shows the development of an analytical method for the determination of biotin by using indirect potentiometry. The main goal is to present the validation of analytical methods as a process to estimate the efficiency of the proposed methodology in the laboratory routine for the guaranty of total quality. This method involves simple and low cost devices as the potentiometer, which allows the precise measurement of biotin concentration. The quantitative dosing of biotin is based on the study of the oscillating chemical reactions with the analyte by performing the analysis of the indirect titration with an automatic potentiometer. Biotin concentration was determined by adding a known mass to a matrix that simulates a capsule containing aerosol (1%), estearato de magnésio (1%), celulose microcristalina (20%), amido (40%) e lactose q.s.p. The results showed an average value for the determination of biotin (added mass was ca. 25 mg) of 99.4% with a standard deviation of 0.0345. The experimental conditions as temperature, glassware, and concentration of the chemicals were optimized. The investigated parameters of the validation procedure to demonstrate the performance of the method were: specificity, linearity, interval, precision (repeatability and intermediate), exactness and robustness. The statistical treatment of the data for the validation of the analytical method involved the determination of the average value, standard deviation, and the variation coefficient. In order to obtain the calibration curve, the line´s equation, the linear regression and the coefficient of linear correlation were determined. This method shows great applicability for turbid, fluorescent, opaque or color solutions, or if an appropriate visual indicator is not available or cannot be applied. The method also shows the possibility for the determination of a sequence of equivalence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
- Published
- 2010
11. Determinação da massa equivalente de hidrogênio amina em endurecedores do tipo amina alifática por titulação potenciométrica
- Author
-
González Garcia, F., Matusalém, F., Leyva, M.E., and Queiroz, A.A.A.
- Subjects
potentiometric titration ,aminas alifáticas ,aliphatic amine ,resina epoxídica ,titulação potenciométrica ,epoxy resin - Abstract
Um conjunto de endurecedores de resinas epoxídicas do tipo aminas alifáticas foram caracterizados por titulação potenciométrica. Os endurecedores correspondem a compostos de cadeia linear: etilenoamina (EDA), dietilenotriamina (DETA), trietilenotetramina (TETA), tetraetilenopentamina (TEPA), e compostos de cadeia cíclica: 1-(2-aminoetil)piperazina (AEP), isoforondiamina (IPD) e 4,4-diamino-3,3’-dimetilciclohexilmetano (3DCM). Determinou-se a massa equivalente de hidrogênio amina (MEHA) de cada composto de modo indireto por reação de protonação dos nitrogênios do tipo amina utilizando-se solução de ácido clorídrico padrão (HCl), baseado na técnica de titulação potenciométrica em meio aquoso. O procedimento fornece também o valor amina (miligramas de KOH por grama de endurecedor). Foi ainda determinado o pH da solução aquosa (1 g em 100 mL de água destilada ), afim de avaliar o grau de basicidade. Os gráficos obtidos de pH vs Vol. de solução de HCl, revelaram a existência de um ou dois saltos para os compostos. Este comportamento foi relacionado às reações de protonação dos nitrogênios primários, secundários e terciários presentes nos compostos. Os valores experimentais da MEHA obtidos foram muito próximos dos valores teóricos calculados. A técnica utilizada é simples e pode ser utilizada em qualquer laboratório de controle. A set of aliphatic amine epoxide hardeners were characterized. The method used is based on potentiometric titration. The hardeners correspond to compounds of linear structure: ethyleneamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), and compounds of cyclic structure: 1 - (2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AEP), isoforondiamine (IPD) and 4,4’-diamine-3, 3'-dimethylciclohexilmetano (3DCM). The amine hydrogen equivalent weight (MEHA) was determined for each compound by an indirect method. The method is a technique of potentiometric titration in water, the reaction of amine-type nitrogen protonation occurred using a standard solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The procedure also provides value amine (milligrams of KOH per gram of hardener) for each compound. The pH of the aqueous solution (1 g in 100 ml of water) was also determined in order to assess the degree of basicity. The graphics obtained from pH vs Vol solution of HCl revealed that there are one or two jumps for the compound. This behavior was related to the protonation reactions for primary, secondary and tertiary nitrogens present in the compound. The experimental values of MEHA were very close to the theoretical values calculated. The technique is simple and can be used in any laboratory of control.
- Published
- 2010
12. Comportamento do ácido fítico na presença de Fe(II) e Fe(III)
- Author
-
Marco Aurélio da Silva Carvalho Filho, Hanna Raquel Quirrenbach, Neiva Deliberali Rosso, and Francieli Kanumfre
- Subjects
Phytic acid ,Aqueous solution ,Antioxidant ,ácido fítico ,Potassium ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inorganic chemistry ,Potentiometric titration ,complexos de Fe(II) e Fe(III) ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes ,stability ,phytic acid ,Metal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ionic strength ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,medicine ,Chelation ,estabilidade ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
O ácido fítico, dependendo do valor de pH, apresenta alto potencial quelante, complexando íons metálicos, inibindo, assim, a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, responsáveis pela destruição oxidativa em sistemas biológicos. Esse potencial quelante tem fundamentado diversos estudos aplicados à ação antioxidante em produtos alimentícios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o grau de interação do ácido fítico com os íons metálicos Fe(II) e Fe(III), de importância biológica, em condições próximas às fisiológicas, e a estabilidade destes complexos. Titulações potenciométricas foram conduzidas para determinar as constantes de formação dos complexos ácido fítico-Fe(II) e ácido fítico-Fe(III) em solução aquosa, atmosfera inerte, força iônica 0,100 mol.L-1 de cloreto de potássio e à temperatura de 36 ± 0,1 ºC. Estudos espectroscópicos na região do UV-Vis foram realizados para acompanhar a formação dos complexos em solução. Os complexos ácido fítico-Fe(II) e ácido fítico-Fe(III) foram sintetizados e caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho e por estudos termoanalíticos. Os resultados do conjunto de técnicas utilizadas evidenciaram, tanto em solução como no estado sólido, a presença dos íons metálicos coordenados ao ácido fítico. Depending on the pH value, phytic acid presents high chelating potential bonding metallic ions thus inhibiting the production of reactivated oxygen species, which are responsible for the oxidative destruction in biological systems. Such chelating potential has been the basis of several studies on the antioxidant action in food products. The objective of this work was to study the degree of interaction of the phytic acid with the metallic ions Fe(II) and Fe(III), of biological importance, in near-physiological conditions and the stability of these complexes. Potentiometric titrations were applied to determine the constants of formation of the complexes phytic acid-Fe(II) and phytic acid-Fe(III) in aqueous solution, inert atmosphere, ionic strength of 0.100 mol.L-1 in potassium chloride, and temperature at 36 ± 0,1 ºC. UV-Vis spectroscopic studies in the were conducted to investigate the formation of the complexes in the solution. The complexes phytic acid-Fe(II) and phytic acid-Fe(III) were synthesized and characterized by infrared absorption spectroscopy and by thermoanalytical studies. The results indicate the bonding of the metallic ions and the phytic acid both in solution and in the solid state.
- Published
- 2009
13. PZSE: Analytical-computational approach to its determination from potentiometric titration data
- Author
-
Arquimedes Lavorenti, Marcelo Eduardo Alves, and C. R. Macedonio
- Subjects
Titration curve ,Soil test ,software ,atributo eletroquímico ,Potentiometric titration ,Salt effect ,Analytical chemistry ,Soil Science ,Mineralogy ,Latosol ,lcsh:S1-972 ,PZC ,PCZ ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,electrochemical attribute ,Mathematics - Abstract
O ponto de efeito salino nulo (PESN) de amostras de solo é normalmente determinado por método gráfico e corresponde ao valor de pH referente ao ponto de interseção de curvas de titulação potenciométrica. Embora a elaboração dos gráficos em planilhas eletrônicas diminua a subjetividade existente no traçado manual, um tempo considerável é necessário quando a determinação do PESN envolve grande número de amostras. Este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para a determinação analítica do PESN de amostras de solo, com vistas em eliminar a subjetividade do método gráfico, proporcionar rapidez às determinações e permitir o conhecimento do grau de precisão dos valores calculados. Com o procedimento de cálculo desenvolvido, determinaram-se os valores de PESN a partir de resultados experimentais de titulação potenciométrica obtidos por outros autores. A comparação dos valores calculados pelo programa com os apresentados nos trabalhos consultados, os quais foram obtidos pelos autores por meio do método gráfico convencional, demonstrou ser o método analítico-computacional proposto bastante adequado para a determinação rápida e não-subjetiva do PESN de amostras de solo. The point of zero salt effect (PZSE) of soil samples is usually determined by a graphic method where the PZSE corresponds to the pH value observed at the crossing point of drafted potentiometric titration curves. Although the use of graphic software decreases the personal bias that normally occurs when the titration curves are drafted by hand, this determination method can be time-consuming when there is a great number of soil samples. The present work aimed to develop a software to permit rapid and non-subjective determination of the PZSE of soil samples as well as to evaluate the precision of calculated values. By a comparison of the program calculated values with those presented in the consulted studies, obtained by authors using the conventional graphic method, the proposed computational analytic method proved to be adequate for the purposes above mentioned.
- Published
- 2002
14. Análise química inorgânica de leite esimulação do reagente CFA-C
- Author
-
Daniele M Santos, Joaquim A. Nóbrega, Eduardo Fausto Almeida Neves, Ana Rita A. Nogueira, Éder Tadeu Gomes Cavalheiro, DANIELE MINHOLO SANTOS, UFSCAR, ANA RITA DE ARAUJO NOGUEIRA, CPPSE, EDUARDO FAUSTO ALMEIDA NEVES, UFSCAR, EDER TADEU GOMES CARVALHEIRO, UFSCAR, and JOAQUIM ARAÚJO NÓBREGA, UFSCAR.
- Subjects
Tris ,suspensões ,aminas ,Inorganic chemistry ,Potentiometric titration ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Protonation ,preparo de amostra ,Boric acid ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,leite ,tertiary amines ,Aqueous solution ,Animais ,General Chemistry ,Milk ,chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,CFA-C ,Suspensão ,Reagent ,ICP-OES ,Titration ,Citric acid ,meio alcalino - Abstract
Na análise de leite por espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma induzido (ICP-OES) o produto comercial CFA-C, constituído por aminas terciárias, vêm sendo usado com sucesso como diluente em fase única. Devido ao custo do produto e possibilidades de contaminação durante o armazenamento, decidiu-se desenvolver um outro reagente de propriedades equivalentes ao referido produto. Testes qualitativos mostraram que o produto não contém ácido bórico nem EDTA. Em uma titulação potenciométrica de uma solução aquosa 10% v/v CFA-C com HCl obtiveram-se dois picos potenciométricos e deduziu-se que 90% do ácido foi consumido para neutralização da amina livre e 10% foi gasto para protonar um ânion de ácido fraco usado para formar um tampão de razão molar 10:1, do tipo R3N/R3NH+. Em uma simulação desse reagente preparou-se uma solução 6,06 mol L-1 de monoetanolamina (MEA) e 0,20 mol L-1 ácido cítrico, triprótico, para formar um tampão do mesmo tipo, 10:1, baseado na propriedade do íon citrato em complexar Ca(II). Outro tampão citrato mais diluído (1,52 mol L-1) foi preparado usando trishidroximetilaminometano (TRIS), que é uma amina menos solúvel. Essas misturas foram caracterizadas por análise potenciométrica e termoanalítica. O comportamento desses novos tampões amina/citrato foi adequado e comparável ao produto comercial. Milk analysis can be successfully performed by dilution of samples with CFA-C, a commercial mixture of water-soluble tertiary amines, and measurements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). However, due to the costs of this reagent and contamination, the work here described investigated an alternative reagent that could be used instead of CFA-C. Qualitative analysis showed that the commercial mixture does not contain boric acid or EDTA. A potentiometric titration of a CFA-C 10% v/v aqueous solution using HCl as titrant showed two peaks and it was inferred that 90% of the acid was consumed for neutralization of free amines and the remaining 10% was consumed for protonation of an anion of a weak acid employed to generate a buffer R3N/R3NH+ with the molar ratio 10:1. For simulating the CFA-C reagent, it was prepared a solution containing 6.06 mol L-1 monoethanolamine (MEA) plus 0.20 mol L-1 citric acid, triprotic, to form a buffer 10:1. The citrate anion is a good chelating ligand for Ca(II). An other citrate buffer was prepared (1.52 mol L-1) using trishydroxymethylaminomethane (TRIS), which is an amine less soluble in water. These mixtures were characterized by potentiometric and thermal analysis. Both amine/citrate buffers presented a performance comparable to the commercial reagent.
- Published
- 2002
15. Uma abordagem robusta de cálculo aplicada a um sistema potenciométrico de medida de concentrações hidrogeniônicas em soluções aquosas
- Author
-
Suyama, Emílio, Paniago, Eucler B., Carvalho, Sandra, and Couto, Bráulio R. G. M.
- Subjects
potentiometric titration ,hydrogen-ion concentrations ,calibration - Abstract
The data analyzed in this work were generated following the methodology developed by Molina et al.(J. Electroanal. Chem., 1979) for the calibration of a potentiometric system of measurement of hydrogen-ion concentrations resulting from neutralizations, at 25 ºC, of acidic or alkaline solutions at constant ionic strength (0.1 mol.l-1) held with NaClO4. The observed data present a serious deviation in relation to the mathematical model derived from the Nernst equation, for pH values ranging from 3 to 11, where pH=-log[H+]. We show that the minimization of the sum of the absolute values of the residuals gives estimates that are not influenced by outlying values.
- Published
- 2001
16. Utilização de eletrodos potenciométricos de amálgama em estudos de complexação de substâncias húmicas
- Author
-
Jorge C. Masini and Gilberto Abate
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cadmium ,humic substances ,complexation ,Potentiometric titration ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Zinc ,Copper ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Metal ,Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Sodium nitrate ,potentiometry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Humic acid ,amalgam electrodes ,Amalgam (chemistry) ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Potentiometric amalgam electrodes of lead, cadmium, and zinc are proposed to study the complexation properties of commercial and river sediment humic acids. The copper complexation properties of both humic acids were studied in parallel using the solid membrane copper ion-selective electrode (Cu-ISE). The complexing capacity and the averaged conditional stability constants were determined at pH 6.00 ± 0.05 in medium of 2x10-2 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The lead and cadmium amalgam electrodes presented a Nernstian behavior from 1x10-5 to 1x10-3 moles L-1 of total metal concentration, permitting to perform the complexation studies using humic acid concentrations around of 20 to 30 mg L-1, that avoids colloidal aggregation. The zinc amalgam electrode showed a subnernstian linear response in the same range of metal concentrations. The Scatchard graphs for both humic acids suggested two classes of binding sites for lead and copper and one class of binding site for zinc and cadmium.
- Published
- 1999
17. A simple cell for assembling commercial ion-selective electrodes in continuous flow analyzers
- Author
-
Roldão R. U. de Queiróz, Maria Angélica Bonadiman Marin, Ivan Gonçalves de Souza, and Edgard Moreira Ganzarolli
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Materials science ,Potentiometric titration ,Relative standard deviation ,Analytical chemistry ,flow cell ,Flow cell ,General Chemistry ,potentiometric detector ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Flow system ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Linear range ,continuous flow analysis - Abstract
A simple flow cell for potentiometric detection is described. It was assembled by making use of two perspex pieces fixed together by means of four screws, and allow the connection of plane membrane conventional electrodes to flow system. Details about its construction are presented. The device performance was evaluated by making use of a cyanide ion-selective electrode. The relative standard deviation was about 0.5% with a detection limit of 8.0 x 10-6 mol CN- dm-3. Under experimental conditions, the linear range was 10-5 to10-2 mol dm-3.
- Published
- 1998
18. Construção e avaliação de um eletrodo tubular sensível ao íon hidrogênio como detector em sistemas de análise em fluxo
- Author
-
José L. F. C. Lima, Rui A. S. Lapa, Boaventura F. Reis, Elias A.G. Zagatto, and Patrícia B. Martelli
- Subjects
Materials science ,Hydrogen ,Potentiometric titration ,Ionophore ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Epoxy ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Chemistry ,Membrane ,chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,tubular pH electrode ,visual_art ,flow analysis ,Electrode ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Graphite ,tridodecylamine ,Selectivity ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The construction of a tubular hydrogen ion-selective potentiometric electrode without inner reference solution, based on the tridodecylamine (TDDA) ionophore, and its evaluation in a flow system are described. TDDA was dissolved in 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether, dispersed in a PVC membrane and applied directly to a conducting support which consisted of an epoxy resin and graphite mixture. The electrode was designed with a tubular geometry to effort facilities to be coupled as part of a flow injection network. The main working characteristics such as response time, linear pH range, selectivity and life time were evaluated and compared with those obtained which a conventionally shaped electrode based on the same sensor. The electrode showed a slope of 51-52 mV dec-1 within a linear pH range from 4.0 up to 12.0.
- Published
- 1998
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.