Search

Objective: To assess the quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis following outpatient treatment. Methods: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study of 31 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis carried out in the Department of Respiratory Physical Therapy of the Santa Edwiges Teaching Clinic (Clinica-escola Santa Edwiges – APAE) and in the Outpatient Pulmonology Clinic of the Asthma Patient Care Program of the University Hospital (Programa de Assistencia ao Paciente Asmatico do Hospital Universitario – PAPA) in Sao Luis, Maranhao, from July to August 2015, using a socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire and the SF-36 questionnaire to assess quality of life. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out in Epi Info, version 7.0 and the data are presented in tables using absolute (n) and relative (%) values, mean, median, minimum value, maximum value and standard deviation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.96±15.52 years and there was a predominance of women (54.8%, n=17), pardos (58.0%, n=18), married individuals (35.4%, n=11) and complete elementary education (51.6%, n=16). Regarding quality of life, there was impairment of emotional aspects (16.1±30.9), physical aspects (19.3±30.7), general health status (35.8±19.5) and functional capacity (50.3±25.0), and vitality (55.0±27.4), social aspects (60.2±24.9), mental health (66.7±23.6) and pain (68.0±27.7) exhibited good results. Conclusion: The evaluation of the SF-36 indicated a decreased quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis in the following domains: emotional aspects, physical aspects, general health status and functional capacity.

Introduction: Sedatives have been increasingly used to improve patient comfort during flexible bronchoscopy (FOB). Due to its rapid-onset, anxiolytic and amnestic properties, midazolam is one of the most commonly used sedatives. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of sedation with midazolam, including patient tolerance, complications and its potential use on a daily routine basis. Methods: A multi-centre, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was made on 100 patients submitted to FOB in two Pulmonology Departments. Midazolam (0.05 mg/kg) was administered to patients in Group 1 and saline solution (0.9% NaCl) to patients in Group 2, 5 min before the procedure. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) was used to determine patient anxiety level. Subjective questionnaires concerning main fears and complaints were answered before and after FOB. Results: Mean age was 56.0 ± 14.1 years; 66% were male. Most (65%) patients had low score ( 0.05) and pain (4% vs 12%; p > 0.05) were not statistically different.Willingness to repeat the exam was reported in all patients in Group 1 and in 82% in Group 2 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Sedation with midazolam in FOB improved patient's comfort and decreased complaints, without significant haemodynamic changes. It should be offered to the patient on a routine basis. Resumo: Introdução: Os agentes sedativos têm vindo a ser cada vez mais utilizados na broncofibroscopia (BF) para melhorar o conforto do doente. Devido à sua rápida ação, propriedades ansiolíticas e amnésicas, o midazolam é um dos sedativos mais frequentemente usados. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito da sedação com midazolam na BF, incluindo a tolerância do doente, complicações e a sua potencial aplicação na prática clínica diária. Material e Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, prospetivo, randomizado, controlado com placebo, com inclusão de 100 indivíduos submetidos a BF em 2 Serviços de Pneumologia. Doentes do Grupo 1 receberam midazolam (0,05 mg/kg) e doentes do Grupo 2 receberam placebo (0,9% NaCl), 5 minutos antes do procedimento. A escala de ansiedade «The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale» (HADS-A) foi aplicada para determinar o nível de ansiedade basal do doente. Questionários subjetivos acerca dos principais receios e queixas relativamente à BF foram aplicados antes e depois do exame. Resultados: Média de idades de 56,0 ± 14,1 anos; 66% do sexo masculino. A maioria (65%) dos doentes apresentava baixa pontuação ( 0,05) e à dor (4 vs 12%; p > 0,05).Foi demonstrada recetibilidade em repetir o exame por todos os doentes do Grupo 1 e em 82% dos doentes do Grupo 2 (p = 0,003). Conclusão: A sedação com midazolam na BF aumentou o conforto e diminuiu queixas dos doentes, não se verificando alterações hemodinâmicas significativas. Deve ser oferecida, de forma regular, ao doente submetido a BF. Keywords: Sedation, Midazolam, Bronchoscopy, Palavras-chave: Sedação, Midazolam, Broncofibroscopia

A doença inflamatória intestinal idiopática (DII) representa um grupo de condições inflamatórias crônicas, resultantes de ativação persistente e inadequada do sistema imune mucoso. Além dos sintomas intestinais característicos, as DII podem se manifestar através de uma série de manifestações extraintestinais (MEI). Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência das MEI das doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe; diagnosticar as MEI das DII; instituir o tratamento adequado dos pacientes portadores dessas manifestações. Métodos: Foi aplicado um protocolo para diagnóstico das MEI; quando necessário os pacientes foram encaminhados para as respectivas especialidades. Resultados: Foram catalogados 49 pacientes portadores de DII; destes, 41 (83,6%) apresentaram MEI. As MEI reumatológicas foram as mais frequentes, acometendo 35 pacientes. O restante das MEI foram assim distribuídas: um caso de MEI dermatológica; um caso de MEI urológica; um caso MEI pneumológica; quatro casos de MEI oftalmológicas; oito casos de MEI hepáticas. Conclusões: As MEI têm alta incidência (I=83,6%) entre os pacientes portadores de DII; as MEI tiveram incidência semelhante entre os pacientes portadores de retocolite ulceratica idiopática e de Crohn; o início das MEI foi mais comum após o diagnóstico da DII; a classe de MEI mais prevalente foi a reumatológica (P=71,4%). Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic inflammatory conditions, resulting from persistent and inappropriate activation of mucosal immune system. Besides the typical intestinal symptoms, the IBD can manifest itself through a series of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of EIM in the Hospital Universitario of Universidade Federal de Sergipe; to diagnose EIM of IBD; to institute the appropriate treatment of patients with these manifestations. Methods: We applied a protocol for diagnosis of EIM; when necessary, patients were referred to their specialities. Results: We categorized 49 patients with IBD, whose 41 (83.6%) had EIM. The rheumatologics EIM were the most frequent, affecting 35 patients. The others EIM were distributed as follows: one case of dermatological EIM; one case of urologic EIM, one case of pulmonology EIM, four cases of ophthalmic EIM; eight cases of hepatic EIM. Conclusions: The EIM have a high incidence (I=83.6%) among patients with IBD; the EIM had similar incidence among patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The beginning of EIM was more common after the diagnosis of IBD; the rheumatologic EIM was most prevalent (P=71.4%).

OBJETIVO: Determinar as principais causas de hemoptise e classificar esse sintoma quanto ao volume de sangue expectorado em pacientes internados em um hospital de referência em pneumologia. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 50 pacientes com hemoptise internados na enfermaria de pneumologia de um hospital geral na cidade do Recife (PE) no período entre julho de 2005 e fevereiro de 2006. Os dados de interesse foram analisados e comparados aos da literatura mundial. RESULTADOS: As infecções foram principais causas de hemoptise - em 39 pacientes (78%) - a maioria delas relacionadas a sequelas de tuberculose pulmonar ou secundárias a tuberculose ativa. Em relação ao grau de hemoptise, as hemoptises moderadas, diagnosticadas em 28 pacientes (56%), foram as mais encontradas. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados sugerem que todos os pacientes com hemoptise devam ser investigados quanto a infecções. OBJECTIVE: To determine the main causes of hemoptysis and to classify this symptom, in terms of the amount of blood expectorated, in patients hospitalized at a referral hospital for pulmonology. METHODS: The study included 50 patients with hemoptysis admitted to the pulmonology ward of a general hospital in the city of Recife, Brazil, between July of 2005 and February of 2006. The data of interest were analyzed and compared with those in the literature. RESULTS: The most common cause of hemoptysis was infection-in 39 patients (78%)-mostly related to tuberculosis sequelae or active tuberculosis. Regarding the severity of hemoptysis, moderate hemoptysis, diagnosed in 28 patients (56%), was the most common. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that all patients who present with hemoptysis should be investigated for infection.

possibility that BCG vaccination contributes to the prevention of asthma. There have been numerous objections to the methods and results of the study. However, due to the current global epidemic of asthma and the hygiene hypothesis to explain the increase in allergic diseases, (2) as well as to the immediate availability of this safe, low-cost intervention, the expectations surrounding this issue have greatly increased. In its simplest form, the hygiene hypothesis suggests that early exposure to microbial products modulates the immune system away from the mechanisms related to the development of atopy. The infection generated by the attenuated mycobacterium of the BCG vaccine might perform this function, especially if the vaccine is administered in the first months of life. Various studies in humans (in which different methods were used and different populations were investigated) have examined the issue and have obtained negative results or results of limited impact, frustrating the general expectation, which had increased due to evidence from experimental studies. (3) In this issue of the Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology, Sarinho et al. (4) make an important original contribution to the national debate by reporting their observations regarding the effect of the BCG vaccine, the number of doses of which varied, on 2,311 individuals between 10 and 70 years of age. The authors conducted a 10-year retrospective cohort study in which they evaluated those individuals in terms of the incidence of asthma (according to the number of BCG vaccine doses received). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups of individuals who received one, two or three or more doses of the BCG vaccine with regard to the prevalence of asthma, which was 16.4% (216/1,317), 16.6% (107/644) and 14.3% (50/350), respectively. Despite the methodological limitations of a

Resumo: Apresenta-se um caso clínico referente a doente de 35 anos, do sexo masculino sem antecedentes pessoais relevantes, admitido no serviço de urgência por quadro de toracalgia e tosse produtiva com alterações electrocardiográficas sugestivas de pericardite. Inicialmente admitido pelo Serviço de Cardiologia, com melhoria do quadro clínico após terapêutica anti-inflamatória; contudo, no internamento houve como intercorrência pneumonia de provável etiologia bacteriana, complicada por derrame pleural. Após a alta, foi referenciado à consulta de pneumologia, onde se manteve o estudo etiológico do derrame persistente, tendo vindo a complicar-se o seu quadro com alterações das cavidades cardiacas e múltiplos nódulos pulmonares, sugestivos de endocardite subaguda com embolização séptica pulmonar. Internado no serviço de Pneumologia e submetido a videotoracoscopia, foi-lhe diagnosticado angiossarcoma cardíaco com metastização pulmonar. Assistiu-se a uma rápida evolução do quadro clínico, quase fulminante, com falência cardíaca e óbito do doente sem ter iniciado radioterapia ou quimioterapia adjuvante.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (6): 1175-1184 Abstract: We present a case report of a 35 year-old male without any relevant former pathology admitted to the emergency room with atypical chest pain, cough and sputum with ECG changes suggesting pericarditis. He was initially admitted to the cardiology ward and experienced clinical improvement after initiating anti-inflammatory treatment. As intercurrence he had bacterial origin pneumonia complicated by pleural effusion (PE). After discharge patient was referred to a pulmonology appointment where aetiological investigation of the PE was instigated. Investigation revealed changes in the cardiac cavities and multiple lung nodules, suggesting subacute endocarditis with septic pulmonary embolism. Admitted to the pulmonology unit patient underwent videothoracsopy which diagnosed cardiac angiosarcoma with pulmonary metastisation. Within a few days there was a rapid evolution of the clinical picture, with cardiac failure and death of the patient without radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy being started.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (6): 1175-1184 Palavras-chave: Angiossarcoma cardíaco, metástases pulmonares, derrame pleural, pericardite, Key-words: Heart angiosarcoma, pulmonary metastasis, pleural effusion, pericarditis

Relatamos o caso de um homem de 50 anos com uma rara associação entre moldes brônquicos e o uso de interferon peguilado e ribavirina. O paciente procurou o serviço de pneumologia por apresentar, há quatro meses, dispneia progressiva que evoluiu com tosse progressiva seguida da expulsão de moldes brônquicos frequentes e abundantes. O paciente foi tratado inicialmente com medicações broncodilatadoras e uso de corticoide oral e inalatório. Foram realizados fibrobroncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar e análise do escarro, os quais não acrescentaram informações para elucidação diagnóstica. Durante o período sintomático, o paciente fez uso de interferon peguilado e ribavirina para o tratamento de hepatite C. Após 30 dias da interrupção das medicações, o paciente ficou assintomático. Este é o primeiro relato sobre a associação entre molde brônquico e o uso de interferon peguilado e ribavirina. We report the case of a 50-year-old male patient with a rare profile: bronchial casts associated with the use of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The patient sought treatment in a pulmonology clinic with a history of progressive dyspnea for four months that had evolved to progressive cough followed by frequent and abundant elimination of bronchial casts. The patient was initially treated with bronchodilators, as well as with oral and inhaled corticosteroids. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum analysis were carried out but did not contribute to the elucidation of the diagnosis. The symptoms developed while the patient was receiving pegylated interferon and ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C. The symptoms resolved 30 days after the discontinuation of the treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bronchial casts caused by the use of pegylated interferon and ribavirin.

Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação de uso de termos semiológicos da ausculta pulmonar em publicações médicas brasileiras sobre doenças respiratórias, no período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 2003. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, analisando-se três revistas médicas: Jornal de Pneumologia, Jornal de Pediatria e Revista Médica Brasileira. Foram selecionados os artigos originais e relatos de casos sobre doenças respiratórias, de onde foram extraídos os termos semiológicos da ausculta pulmonar. Foi avaliada a adequação dos termos na descrição dos ruídos adventícios. Resultados: Encontrou-se maior inadequação no uso dos termos de ruídos descontínuos,comparado com o uso dos termos de ruídos contínuos (87,7% versus 44%, p = 0,0000). Não houve diferença significativa entre relatos de pneumologistas e de outros especialistas quanto à inadequação no uso dos termos (56,5% versus 62,0%, p = 0,26). Também não observamos diferença significativa entre as regiões do país e os períodos antes e após a divulgação da nomenclatura internacional.Conclusão: O uso inadequado dos termos para descrever ruídos adventícios na ausculta pulmonar continua sendo um fenômeno freqüente e geral nas publicações médicas brasileiras. Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of the use of auscultation terminology in Brazilian respiratory disease-related medical journals published between January of 1980 and December of 2003. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted, evaluating three medical journals: the Jornal de Pneumologia (Journal of Pulmonology), Jornal de Pediatria (Journal of Pediatrics) and Revista Brasileira de Medicina (Brazilian Journal of Medicine). Original articles and case reports about respiratory diseases were selected, andauscultation terminology was extracted from these articles. The appropriateness of terms used to describe adventitious sounds was assessed. Results: We found that the inappropriate use of terms was more frequent when intermittent sounds were described than when continuous sounds were described (87.7% versus 44.0%; p = 0.0000). No significant difference was observed between the inappropriate use of terms by pulmonologists and that observed for other specialists (56.5% versus 62.0%; p = 0.26). In addition, there were no significant differences among the various regions of the country or between the periods prior to and after the dissemination of international nomenclature. Conclusion: Inappropriate use of pulmonary auscultation terms describing adventitious sounds remains common and widespread in Brazilian medical publications.

OBJETIVO: Contribuir para o melhor conhecimento da atividade de pesquisa em Pneumologia no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo observacional dos resumos publicados nos Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Pneumologia e Tisiologia de 1986 a 2004, para descrição quantitativa da distribuição geográfica e do tipo das instituições de origem dos resumos, dos tipos de estudos e dos temas abordados. RESULTADOS: Foram publicados 6.467 resumos, sendo 3.870 originários de instituições do Sudeste, 1.309 do Sul, 783 do Nordeste, 267 do Centro-Oeste e 84 do Norte. Houve 94 resumos provenientes de instituições estrangeiras, em especial portuguesas (56,3%) e norte-americanas (13,8%). A maioria dos trabalhos (5.825) foi realizada em instituições públicas brasileiras. Quanto aos tipos de estudos, foram observados 4.234 estudos clínicos, 1.994 relatos de caso e 239 estudos experimentais, com elevação progressiva acentuada do número de estudos clínicos e de relatos de caso no período. No cômputo geral, tuberculose e outras doenças infecciosas foram os temas mais freqüentes (25,2%), seguidos por oncologia (11,6%), doenças pulmonares intersticiais (8,8%) e cirurgia torácica (8,5%). Entretanto, houve grandes variações no número de resumos sobre cada tema no decorrer do período. CONCLUSÃO: As instituições públicas brasileiras são as principais responsáveis pela atividade de pesquisa em Pneumologia no Brasil, a qual está concentrada na Região Sudeste. Um terço desta atividade é representada por relatos de caso e, embora haja grande variação de assuntos abordados, as doenças com elevada prevalência no país, como tuberculose e outras infecções pulmonares, são os temas mais freqüentes. OBJECTIVE: To increase the knowledge base regarding pulmonology research in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study of the abstracts published in the Annals of the Brazilian Pulmonology and Phthisiology Conferences held from 1986 to 2004, quantifying the institutions of origin by geographic distribution and type, as well as categorizing the abstracts by study design and topic. RESULTS: A total of 6467 abstracts were published. The institutions of origin were located, variously, in the Southeast (3870 abstracts), South (1309), Northeast (783), Central-West (267) and North (84). There were 94 abstracts originating from foreign institutions, especially from institutions in Portugal (56.3%) and the United States (13.8%). Most of the studies (5825) were conducted in public Brazilian institutions. There were 4234 clinical studies, 1994 case reports and 239 original research articles. A marked, progressive increase was observed in the number of clinical studies and case reports during the period evaluated. Overall, the most common themes were tuberculosis and other infections diseases (25.2%), following by oncology (11.6%), interstitial lung diseases (8.8%) and thoracic surgery (8.5%). Nevertheless, the number of abstracts on each topic varied widely from year to year. CONCLUSION: Public Brazilian institutions are the principal sources of pulmonology research in Brazil. Such research activity is concentrated in the southeastern part of the country. Case reports account for one-third of this activity. Although there was great variability in the subjects addressed, diseases that are highly prevalent in Brazil, such as tuberculosis and other infections diseases, were the most common topics.

O derrame pleural recidivante é uma situação clínica comum que compromete a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, em especial dos portadores de doença oncológica em estágio avançado. A abordagem terapêutica do espaço pleural é variada, incluindo procedimentos agressivos como a pleurectomia. A pleurodese é a técnica mais freqüentemente utilizada, podendo ser induzida tanto através da inserção de cateteres pleurais, como por procedimentos cirúrgicos amplos (toracotomia). São vários os agentes esclerosantes indicados, incluindo o talco, que é o mais utilizado, o nitrato de prata e recentemente as citocinas proliferativas. Este artigo resume as principais abordagens do derrame pleural recidivante e particularmente da pleurodese, suas indicações, vantagens e desvantagens para a aplicação na prática diária do pneumologista. Recurrent pleural effusion, which is commonly seen in clinical practice, compromises patient quality of life, especially in patients with advanced malignant disease. The therapeutic approach to the pleural space involves a wide range of techniques, including aggressive procedures such as pleurectomy. Among such techniques, pleurodesis is the most frequently used. Pleurodesis can be induced through the insertion of pleural catheters, as well as through major surgical procedures (such as thoracotomy). There are various recommended sclerosing agents, including talc (which is the most widely used), silver nitrate and, recently, proliferative cytokines. This article summarizes the principal approaches to the treatment of recurrent pleural effusion, pleurodesis in particular, addressing the indications for, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of, their application in daily pulmonology practice.

In the history of medicine, the discovery of eachnew form of treatment is punctuated by the euphoriathat accompanies initial advances, the disappointmentof setbacks and the readaptation that leads to thetreatment being taken up anew. Many innovativetechniques are introduced only to be soon abandoneddue to high morbidity or mortality, and then laterredeemed through modification. One example in ourexperience, now used routinely in pulmonology, islung volume reduction surgery, which became a viableoption after the advent of surgical staples, reducingthe chance of developing bronchopleural fistulas. Inpulmonary carcinoma treatment, similar examples arefound. In the initial treatment of small cell carcinoma,the treatment of choice was once surgery. However,it was observed that survival time did not improve,being 3 to 4 months in those undergoing surgery aswell as in those left untreated. Radiotherapy, whichincreased survival to 6 months, then became thetreatment of choice, and survival increased to 14months after the introduction of systemicchemotherapy.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da soropositividade da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em pacientes com tuberculose ativa, atendidos no serviço de Pneumologia Sanitária da 17ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, em Londrina, e comparar os pacientes co-infectados com aqueles que apresentavam somente tuberculose, em relação à baciloscopia de escarro, exame radiológico de tórax, e forma clínica e esquema terapêutico para tratamento da tuberculose. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 188 pacientes com tuberculose ativa. Os diagnósticos de tuberculose e de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana foram realizados de acordo com os critérios adotados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Para a obtenção de informações clínicas e epidemiológicas, aplicou-se um questionário, além dos dados das fichas individuais de investigação de tuberculose. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de soropositividade da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana nos pacientes com tuberculose foi de 14,9%. O índice de positividade da baciloscopia de escarro foi maior no grupo sem a co-infecção (p = 0,0275) e a proporção de pacientes tratados com esquema alternativo foi significativamente maior no grupo com co-infecção (p = 0042). Em 32,1% dos pacientes co-infectados, realizou-se teste sorológico para diagnóstico de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana simultaneamente ou depois do diagnóstico de tuberculose. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados ressaltam a importância da realização rotineira do teste para detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana em todos os pacientes com tuberculose. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity among patients with active tuberculosis residing in the city of Londrina, in the state of Paraná, Brazil and treated at the Pulmonology Clinic of the 17th Regional Health Facility of the State of Paraná, and to compare those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus to those with active tuberculosis only in terms of the clinical form of tuberculosis, sputum smear microscopy, chest X-ray and tuberculosis treatment regimen. METHODS: A transversal study involving 188 active tuberculosis patients was conducted. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection were diagnosed based on criteria established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. In addition to the data obtained through individual tuberculosis investigation files, clinical and epidemiological information were collected by means of questionnaires, which were completed by all participating patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity among patients with tuberculosis was 14.9%. The rate of positive sputum microscopy results was higher in the tuberculosis-only group (p = 0.0275), and the ratio for patients treatment with alternative scheme was significantly higher in the co-infected group (p = 0.042). In 32.1% of the coinfected patients, the serological diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection was made simultaneously to or following that of the tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the importance of routinely testing for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis.