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[Purpose] During the post-liberalization era, the Indian legal system introduced multiple laws with the objective of safeguarding the interests of Indian consumers and fostering equitable competition within the telecommunications sector. Notably, the Indian legal system has demonstrated a significant commitment to the resolution of telecommunications-related disputes, exemplified by the enactment of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Act in 1997 and the Competition Act in 2002. Both legislative measures were designed to advance the cause of fair competition in the telecommunications industry. The primary purpose of this article is to conduct an examination of whether the objectives set forth by these two Acts have been effectively realized over the past decade (2012-2021). Additionally, this article will undertake a comparative analysis of these Acts in relation to legal frameworks in other countries beyond India. [Methodology] The foundational methodology employed in this research centers on the analysis of cases adjudicated by both the Telecom Regulatory Authority and the Competition Regulatory Authority in India, particularly in instances involving disputes within the telecommunications sector. This article offers a concise data analysis concerning the evolution of the Indian telecommunications market over the past decade (2012-2021). The primary aim is to undertake a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of the Acts in place for the preservation of fair competition within this industry. [Findings] Based on the legal analysis, this article argues that there is an unresolved territorial dispute between the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997, the Indian government established the regulatory agency to oversees the telecommunications industry in India and the Competition Act, 2002 establishes the Competition Commission of India being primary national competition regulator in India. It is an official department of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs tasked with upholding the Competition. The findings also suggest that the Government of India should overhaul its institutional framework in order to insert the “collective dominance” concept in the Competition Act. This concept/amendment was about to be passed in the India Congress by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government in 2014. However, it failed due to dissolution of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India’s bicameral Parliament. Consequently, numerous disputes and concerns remained unresolved. Lastly, Reliance JIO Infocomm Limited is a Public Company that was established on February 15, 2007, is categorized as a Non-Government Company, and is registered with the Registrar of Companies in Mumbai, India. It applied a “zero pricing” strategy which created market distortion which reduced most of the rivals from the telecom market. This kind of strategy was previously ordered void in the NSE case but the same was allowed to the JIO on the premises that it was a new entrant and not dominant. The Competition laws mostly address “predatory pricing”, however, in the matter of “penetrative pricing” they have remained silent. The “penetrative pricing” is allowed for the promotion, but the benchmark of promotion has not yet been regulated.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This scientific article addresses the regulation of fixed odds betting in Brazil and the changes promoted by law n° 14,790 of 2023. The topic under analysis was chosen because it is an area currently widely used by the population, but little explored legally and due to the desire to expand the reflection and knowledge about the legalization of betting shops in Brazil, especially knowing your rights, thus presenting the following problem: what points are covered with the implementation of this regulation? A bibliographical survey and study on the topic was initially carried out. Studies on the topic, such as Araújo (2020), Val (2022) and others, were involved to provide theoretical support and encourage the discussion presented in the work. It can be concluded that the legislative branch took a step of great importance for the country by approving the regulation of sports betting. However, this trade requires special attention in the coming years, as it is a practice that is still little explored from a criminal point of view and its regulations must be updated frequently until the illicit acts that can occur in this sector are restricted as much as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Occupational accidents and illnesses pose a serious public health issue in Brazil. Recognizing this, Brazilian government authorities have acknowledged the need to implement measures to improve environmental work conditions, and equipment control, and promote occupational safety and health. The complexity of workplace health and safety in Brazil is partly due to the country's diverse range of companies, which vary in technological levels, sizes, motivations, resources, and competencies, with the majority being micro and small enterprises (MSEs). This study aims to investigate whether the strategy adopted by Brazil since 2022 to regulate occupational risk management and promote occupational health and safety has been complied with by companies. To achieve this, all notices of violation related to occupational risk management were analyzed from January 2022 to June 2023. In total, 5,547 cases of violations were examined. In total, 5,547 cases of violations were examined. It was concluded that the occupational risk management regulation strategy alone is insufficient, as many companies have not implemented these measures. There is a need to improve labor inspection services. Safety and health regulatory bodies should be strengthened to consistently and thoroughly conduct workplace inspections and ensure compliance with regulations. Additionally, increasing fines for non-compliance with occupational safety and health regulations is imperative. Public policies and interventions encouraging MSEs to adhere to occupational risk management and invest in workplace improvements are essential.

Copyright of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia is the property of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The principle of transparency is widely accepted as a political response to concerns about the lack of pluralism and trust in journalism. With a multidimensional character, transparency in ownership is one of the most common legal requirements. The focus on media "owners" is not new, given the impact that ownership can have on the content produced. Ownership is therefore considered essential when assessing quality in journalism. In Portugal, media ownership is subject to transparency rules, requiring disclosing information about the corporate structure and financial data overseen by the Portuguese Regulatory Authority for the Media. There is no investigation into how Portuguese media companies comply with these regulations. However, analysing it could help us understand the challenges facing independent and pluralistic journalism. Thus, this study examines how the principle of media transparency is perceived in the Portuguese market, analysing non-compliance and objections to disclosing the required information. Based on the regulatory decisions, this analysis highlights the central role of scale in adapting to the new legal framework: non-compliance with declarations or requests for secrecy emanates mainly from smaller companies, especially those owning local media or specialised magazines. Financial information is also the most critical. This data points to economic weaknesses, which may raise concerns about the media's independence from external agents. On the other hand, the principle of visibility and transparency has not significantly impacted discussions on ownership concentration or media pluralism, indicating its insufficiency as the primary policy on media ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The article draws on ethnographic observations of second-hand car and spare-parts traders in Ghana to analyse how these goods are traded over continents and how the value of a car is shaped by grounded practices and categories that I describe. The position of Ghana in this global value chain relies on regulations forged by the alliance between politicians, traders and mechanics of the informal sector, now challenged by manufacturers who promise to contribute to the country’s industrialisation; and the availability of skilled and cheap labour. This renders viable operations impossible elsewhere. I hypothesise that as these wastes are revalued in West Africa, they sustain the production cycle and automotive industry in rich countries.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this legal article is to present the Brazilian television system under the constitutional and legal aspect, forgetting its current factual reality. Such a system is revealed and defined as a public service for broadcasting sounds and images, resulting in a flow of norms (principles and rules) that aim to delineate the space through which the service providers can legitimately exercise the Brazilian television activity. The observation of the content of the programs broadcast by TV stations in the light of the service model outlined by the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 reveals an inadequacy of the service provided by the concessionaires, thus allowing the visualization of problems related to the execution of the public service provided. In addition to the problems revealed, legal hypotheses were conjectured as a way of solving the main ills revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The growing interest in urban agriculture (UA) over the past decades is followed by increase in regulations. Yet, there has been no systematic documentation and featuring of several UA laws that have emerged in Brazil, or of their association with urban planning. We developed a framework to understand the profile of federal and state UA laws in order to shine light on this gap in the literature. Therefore, we cataloged and analyzed the laws we have found. Based on the results, there is still no coordinated national policy to it. We also found that these laws cover several production practices under UA’s wide umbrella. They only vaguely mention their interfaces with urban-policy legal frameworks, and they do not clearly address territorial challenges to UA implementation.

As of July 2022, the Spanish government explicitly requires influencers to disclose commercial content. However, there is no standardised model for this. This study, therefore, analyses how influencers disclose paid content and whether any significant changes came into being after the law came into force. For this purpose, a content analysis was conducted on 903 Instagram publications with brand mentions from 40 Spanish influencers. The results demonstrate that posts without any disclosure tag decreased by 25.12% following the law's implementation. Within this context, there is an observed 23.04% increase in the use of adwords (ADW) within the text and a slight increase (2.08%) in the exclusive use of Instagram's integrated paid partnership label (PPL). Despite previous studies having demonstrated that PPL is the most effective means of identifying persuasive communication, it is confirmed that its usage remains in the minority (7.19%). Likewise, most ADWs are located at the end of the caption (86.86%), remaining hidden at first sight for mobile users. Furthermore, it is observed that clear identification of commercial content by influencers is rewarded with higher organic engagement.

Gynecology, as a field of biomedical knowledge, finds in the ovary and uterus the explanation for the "physical" and "mental" fragility of women. In contemporary times, hormones have updated such precepts, which understand women as unstable and inferior subjects. The objective of this theoretical study is to analyze how hormones contribute to the production of women as naturally "unbalanced" subjects. We analyze that women are now perceived from a biochemical paradigm, in which hormone rates are measured and regulated in order to explain and control their behaviors and affections. We conclude that hormones, when administered by women, become a device that allows not only the control of the hormonal cycle, but also control over population growth, control of their behavior, and the cosmetic production of femininity, in a process of (synthetic re)feminization of the bodies that manage it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the European Union's (EU) efforts to establish a governance framework for artificial intelligence (AI) and highlights that, while regulatory proposals are a crucial step, there are significant areas for improvement concerning ethical matters. It argues that a human rights-based approach (HRBA) should be the regulatory and protective framework for all individuals in relation to AI, emphasizing that clear and concise regulation based on human rights cannot be replaced by "light" ethical visions. It underscores the importance of a proactive regulatory approach by states to create spaces for ethical reflection and impact where various voices are involved while questioning the idea of leaving AI regulation in the hands of companies and corporations. Finally, it underscores the need for a more robust regulatory approach, based on human rights, to address the ethical-legal dilemmas associated with AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT This article intends to corroborate the argument advocated by heterodox economists such as Akyüz, Chang and Furtado that state regulation is crucial to extracting the possible benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI). We do so by analyzing the policies used by China since its opening to this type of investment in 1979. The article innovates by scrutinizing China’s major FDI laws, regulations and guidelines that compose the formal framework under which foreign-owned enterprises have operated in the country for almost 40 years. We then address the traditional view that China developed simply because it increasingly opened its market to foreign investment and adopted a foreign investment-led growth model. We argue that it was because of this strong regulation that FDI had such a positive effect, contributing to technological transfer and trade expansion, although not defining the ratio of capital accumulation.

The present study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of policy diffusion processes, more specifically, of the diffusion process from a transnational arena that influenced the regulation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for medicines in Brazil in a context surrounded by international authorities. By conducting qualitative research, we analyzed the process of adhesion of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) to the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S), initiated in 2010 and achieved in 2021. A process influenced by two diffusion constellations was identified, motivated by the national agency's interests in maintaining its relevance and by actors that make up the National Sanitary Surveillance System, in which the PIC/S model of regulatory equivalence and convergence proved to be fundamental for the adaptation of the international reference to the national level, keeping the national system functioning. Such a policy diffusion process became even more relevant in the past years due to the expansion of regulatory convergence and potentially making the various health authorities' GMP assessment of medicinal products more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medieval religious orders implemented a series of devices to control the behavior of their members. In the case of the Order of Friars Minor, the systematization of the general constitutions that regulated the life of the brothers came with the generalship of Fray Buenaventura. The behavior of the friars that was standardized affected the interior and exterior spatiality of the convents. The aim of this article is to analyze to what extent the behavior of the friars is regulated and conditioned in the directives given by the chapter; as well as to establish which are the main spheres of interference on the movement of the friars between the conventual space and the outside and what guidelines of conduct and punishment are established.

The paper approaches ways in which the debates around the tax reform in Argentina were reflected and readjusted into municipal levels during the WWI economic crisis. By taking the case of Posadas, capital city of the national territory of Misiones, it proposes to observe how the new debates on the tax system and the municipal attributions to establish a more progressive levy were reflected from the local newspaper La Tarde. Through this analyses it is sustained that the issues discussed show the circulation of ideas according to which municipalities were conceived as government institutions provided with the necessary attributions to introduce tax reforms or redirect their tax policies based on a progressive levy, and also regulate the prices of basic foodstuffs, in order to favor low-income sectors affected by the crisis. Likewise, we argue that although these conceptions were nurtured by widespread economic ideas such as Georgism, they also received influence from the experiences of other municipalities that worked as models of what could be done. In this context, municipal initiatives can be understood as inserted in a wider field of discussions over the scope of municipal capacities during the crisis and not only as local responses.

Copyright of Revista Direito GV is the property of Fundacao Getulio Vargas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Thesis Juris is the property of Revista Thesis Juris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Gestão Pública e Cidadania is the property of Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administracao Publica e de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)