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Recently, there has been a growing interest in operationalizing and measuring cognitive reserve (CR) for clinical and research purposes. This umbrella review aims to summarize the existing systematic and meta-analytic reviews about measures of CR. A literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the guidelines of Aromataris et al. (Citation2015) to identify the systematic reviews and meta-analysis involving the assessment of CR. The methodological quality of the papers included in this umbrella review was assessed with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) and Specialist Unit for Review Evidence (SURE). Thirty-one reviews were identified, sixteen of which were systematic reviews, and fifteen were meta-analyses. Most of the reviews had a critically low quality, according to AMSTAR-2. The reviews included between two and 135 studies. Most of the papers focused on older adults, mainly those with dementia. CR was measured using one to six proxies, but most considered each proxy separately. The most assessed proxies of CR were education on its own, combined with occupation and/or engagement in activities or combined with parental education, bilingualism, and engagement in activities when four CR proxies were studied. Most of the studies included in higher quality reviews focused on three proxies, with education and engagement in activities being the most evaluated using CR questionnaires. Despite the growing interest in measuring CR, its operationalization did not improve since the last umbrella review in this field.

This paper analyzes the relation between iron ore and bunker oil prices` returns for the period from June, 2008 to March, 2016. For this purpose, econometric models were estimated separately (through OLS technique) as well as jointly (through SURE approach) to capture contemporaneous correlations of the shocks of both prices. The result indicates the existence of a contemporaneously monthly correlation of about 20% between the shocks. Additionally, it indicates the absence of correlation and causality when prices are compared with lags. Therefore, one can assume that mining companies with revenues linked to iron ore prices and costs linked to bunker oil prices do partially benefit from natural hedge against shocks in those two markets. Este trabalho analisa a relação entre os choques de preços nos mercados de minério de ferro e de óleo combustível para navegação (bunker oil) no período entre junho de 2008 e março de 2016. Para isso, foram estimados modelos de forma independente (via OLS) e de forma conjunta (via SURE) para capturar o efeito de correlações contemporâneas nos choques entre os preços. Os resultados apontam para a existência de correlação mensal contemporânea da ordem de 20% entre os choques de preços. Adicionalmente, mostra-se a ausência de correlação e de causalidade quando se compara os preços de mercados com defasagens. Assim, conclui-se que mineradoras com receitas atreladas a minério de ferro e custos indexados ao óleo se beneficiam parcialmente de hedge natural contra choques de preços nesses dois mercados.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agnes Thiane.pdf: 3586857 bytes, checksum: 523f528a78c1439ce6c21cb3ef1c1c69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This dissertation presents the processing of seven image datasets and the determination and refinement of two protein structures of Sure (stationary phase survival protein E)from Xylella fastidiosa(XfSurE). The crystals were obtained by the research groupof Prof.Dr.RicardoApariciowith theprotein produced by the group of Profa. Dra.Anete Pereira de Souza, both from the State University of Campinas.Xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c is aplague bacterium that causes a disease called Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) in orange grove; itwas the first bacterium to have its genome completely sequenced in Brazil. Studies show that this protein has several functions, amongst them, of a nucleotidase able to dephosphorylate various ribo anddeoxyribonucleic 5-monophosphates and ribonucleoside 3-monophosphatesto inorganic phosphate and nucleosides. Seven different sets of diffraction images were processed,four of them presented rings from ice diffraction. All structures have space group C2, but there are four different unit cells.Molecular replacement was performed with Phaser program and only two sets of images had their three-dimensional structures refined in an iterative process with the programs Coot and Phenix, which were subsequently largely validated. One of them shows a tetramer and the other a dimer in the asymmetric unit. During refinement, Mn+2, I- and PO43-ions were modeled. Comparisons between XfSurE and CbSurE (the correspondent protein fromCoxiella burnetti) indicate that XfSurE isin open conformation, unlike CbSurE. The protein shows the characteristic Rossmann fold-like, with the tetramerizationloop and C-terminal projection into the counter-monomer. No presente trabalho realizaram-se o processamento de sete conjuntos de imagens e a determinação e refinamento de duas estruturas da proteína SurE (stationaryphasesurvivalprotein E) de Xylella fastidiosa (XfSurE). Os cristais foram obtidos pelo grupo de pesquisa do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Aparicio a partir da proteína produzida pelo grupo da Profa. Dra. Anete Pereira de Souza, ambos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. XfSurElinhagem 9a5c é uma bactéria praga que causa uma enfermidade chamada Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC), grave em laranjeiras; foi à primeira bactéria que teve seu genoma completamente sequenciado no Brasil. Estudos revelam que essa proteína apresenta várias funções, dentre elas, de nucleotidase, capaz de desfosforilar vários ribo e desoxirribonucleicos 5-monofosfatados e ribonucleosídios 3-monofosfatos em fosfato inorgânico e nucloesídios.Dos sete conjuntos, quatro apresentaram anéis de difração por gelo no padrão de difração. Todas as estruturas apresentam grupo de espaço C2, mas há quatro celas unitárias diferentes A substituição molecular foi realizada com o programa Phaser e apenas dois conjuntos de imagens tiveram suas estruturas tridimensionais refinadas em um processo iterativo com os programas Coot e Phenix, queforam posteriormente amplamente validadas. Uma apresenta um tetrâmero e a outra um dímero na unidade assimétrica. Durante o refinamento, modelaram-seíons Mn2+, I- e PO43-. Comparações entre a XfSurE e CbSurE (a correspondente de Coxiella burnetti) indicamque XfSurE está em conformação aberta, ao contrário de CbSurE. A proteína apresenta o enovelamento característico deRossmann-fold-like, com as alças de tetramerização e com projeção de C-terminal no contra-monômero.