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This study explores the profound transformation of the healthcare sector through digitalisation, enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The adoption of digital technologies in medical assistance is analysed, from data management to the implementation of telemedicine, highlighting its benefits and the encountered challenges. The study emphasizes the way how digitalisation has improved the access to medical information, how it has facilitated the communication between patients and healthcare service providers and contributed to increasing the efficiency of clinical processes. Moreover, the importance of digital literacy and its impact on patients and medical professionals is discussed. The conclusions of this study suggest that digital technologies are essential for responding to the emerging needs in public healthcare in a fast and efficient manner, however, they require an adequate policy and adequate strategies for a successful integration.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of periodontal involvement in subjects with and without bruxism, with generalized chronic periodontitis of varying severity grades, and to assess the effects of occlusal correction therapy in association with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status. The following periodontal parameters were analyzed: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), Papilar bleeding index (PBI) and Plaque Index (PI), and X-rays, at the initial (pre-therapeutic) moment and at 3 months after therapy completion. The present study demonstrated that bruxism generates significant clinical changes in a periodontopathic environment. High values of periodontal attachment loss, recessions, missing teeth, tooth mobility, and furcation lesions translate into major losses of periodontal tissue in patients with periodontal disease and bruxism. Periodontal therapy, combined with occlusal correction and bruxism therapy, resulted in statistically significant improvements in periodontal parameters. Thus, occlusal trauma therapy in patients with bruxism becomes an absolute necessity in periodontal therapy.

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the clinical and technological steps of making a fixed prosthesis, using the substative method and a combination of materials – zirconia and ceramics – which are a sure guarantee for an optimal functional restoration. Digital technologies are used more and more frequently in dental practice due to their multiple advantages: reduced working time, the use of a wide range of materials, with good mechanical resistance and longevity, high precision of prostheses, increased comfort for the patient. These digital methods can be used to create a wide range of laboratory prosthetic elements, from temporary devices to metal, ceramic, or zirconia frameworks, crowns and bridges, and partial and complete dentures. Current concepts in fixed prosthetics are increasingly oriented towards all-ceramic processes becaus metal-ceramic prostheses no longer suffice to meet the demands of patients seeking aesthetic excellence and extreme perfection.

The orofacial region are often affected by a diverse spectrum of bacterial, viral, fungal, chlamydial, rickettsial, protozoal, and helminthic infections. Diagnosis of oral candidiasis is often made with a thorough history and the clinical examination findings. Some laboratory investigations can also be used as adjuncts to confirm the clinical presentation. Candida pathogens in a smear taken directly from the lesion are commonly identified using Gram staining or periodic acid Schiff staining, or by culturing the pathogen in Sabaraud’s dextrose agar. Regardless of the prevalence, incidence, and the advancement of treatment strategies, orofacial infections, either local or the manifestations of a generalized infection, may cause significant discomfort and suffering. Oral clinicians need to be equipped with up-to- date knowledge of the clinical pictures of new infections, approaches in accurate identification of orally limited infections vs oral manifestations of underlying systemic diseases. Treatment of oral candidiasis is primarily based on the identification of underlying predisposing factors and correcting them.

It is important for patients to understand that these conditions can be treated, but the success of treatment greatly depends on their level of oral hygiene. Selecting the appropriate toothbrush and mastering the correct brushing technique to effectively remove dental plaque while avoiding any potential damage to the gums. In addition to toothbrushes, there are other devices available for comprehensive dental cleaning, such as floss, interdental sticks, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. Currently, self-care recommendations for dental implants are primarily based on existing knowledge regarding natural teeth cleaning. Patient education on oral hygiene is an important component of their overall treatment. Maintaining a regular oral hygiene routine is essential for taking care of our mouths, ensuring healthy teeth, and achieving fresh breath. In conclusion, biofilm disruption mechanical methods integrated is indispensable for comprehensive oral healthcare.

Pregnancy is a unique physiological state characterized by hormonal fluctuations and immunological adaptations that can impact various aspects of maternal health, including oral health. The influence of pregnancy on periodontal status has been the subject of extensive research, with studies highlighting the association between gestation and changes in the oral cavity. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy have been implicated in the exacerbation of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease progression. Immunological changes, including alterations in immune cell function and cytokine production, further contribute to the heightened inflammatory response observed in the periodontium of pregnant individuals. While the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between pregnancy and periodontal status continue to be elucidated, preventive measures such as oral hygiene education, regular dental check-ups, and timely periodontal treatment are crucial for promoting optimal oral health outcomes for both mother and child during gestation. Understanding the influence of pregnancy on periodontal status is essential for providing comprehensive prenatal care and ensuring the well-being of pregnant individuals and their offspring.

Clinical research documents causal relationships between periodontitis and depression. Furthermore, it has been revealed that clinical depression can also negatively affect periodontal treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to analyze subgingival microbial profiles in patients with periodontal disease and those with depression by qualitative and quantitative determination of 4 periodontal pathogens. Material and method. The study was carried out on a number of 40 patients between the ages of 20 and 48 within the Periodontology Clinic of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași or in an office with private practice within the radius of the city of Iași. Analyzing the obtained results, it can be seen that the average age is significantly lower for the group of patients with periodontal disease compared to the average age of patients with periodontal disease and depression (p=0.02). Regardless of which method, the individualized determination of periodontal pathogens helps guide targeted systemic antibiotic therapy (individualization of the treatment plan). It limits self-medication or the possibility of developing bacterial resistance.

Aim of study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of implants with peri-implantitis and healthy/peri-mucositis implant sites in relation to the periodontal status of the patients treated with implant-supported fixed prosthetic restorations. Materials and method. The study was performed on 206 implants inserted in a group of 54 patients treated by implant-supported fixed prosthetic restorations. The periodontal and peri-implant status were assessed by clinical and radiological examens. The assessed components of the periodontal status were as follows: periodontal parameters (CAL, PD, MBL), periodontal history, %BOP, %PD ≥ 5mm, stage and progression of periodontal disease, patients’ compliance to supportive periodontal therapy (STP). The distribution of implants without peri-implantitis vs. implants with peri-implantitis was assessed by statistical analyses performed in SPSS 29.0. Results. In patients with periodontal history, it was recorded higher percentage of implants with peri-implantitis (63,2%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (19%). The distribution of implants in patients with >25% BOP sites was significantly higher for implants with peri-implantitis (52,6%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (1,2%). The distribution of implants in patients with > 5% PPD ≥ 5mm was significantly higher for implants with peri-implantitis (68,4%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (23,8%). The distribution of implants in patients with BL/age 1-1,50 was significantly higher for implants with peri-implantitis (57,9%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (7,1%). The distribution of implants in relation to periodontitis stage/progression IV/C was significantly higher for implants with peri-implantitis (57,9%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (7,1%). The distribution of implants in relation to periodontitis progression stage C was significantly higher for implants with peri-implantitis (57,9%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (7,1%). The distribution of implants in relation to non-compliant patients to STP was significantly higher for implants with peri-implantitis (36,8%) vs. implants without peri-implantitis (7,1%). Conclusions. Components of periodontal status (periodontal history, %BOP sites, %PPD ≥ 5mm, BL/age, periodontitis susceptibility, STP compliance patients) influence significantly distribution of implants with peri-implantitis when compared to healthy/peri-mucositis implants.

Sustainability is an important topic addressed and promoted by the European Union among its member states. Thus, environmental policies in the European Union are correlated with global problems and solutions are constantly sought to reduce the negative effects in society. Sustainable development has two important crises in the foreground, climate and biodiversity, but the measures to reduce their effects are for various fields and the development of a green economy is supported. The study aims to highlight that projects are being developed at the level of the city of Iași, either by accessing non-reimbursable funds or through private partnerships, which aim to develop the city of Iași as a Smart City. In the same development as Smart City determines a sustainable development, because projects are implemented in the field of public transport, by introducing new means of transport (trams, buses) whose main purpose is to reduce pollution. The opportunity to access European funds helps urban administrations develop sustainably and, in this way, aspire to become a Smart City. At the European level, there are instruments that promote the development of smart cities (non-reimbursable European funds, the European Ecological Pact, Agenda 2030), which facilitates an integrated sustainable development. This paper will use centralized information from the websites http://iasismartcity.ro/, https://iasi.digital/, www.mdlap.ro and www.mfe.gov.ro, which will analyze and highlight the projects, which have been implemented or are being implemented by the local public authority of Iasi for the development of Smart City.

Despite the large number of unguentaria vessels generally discovered in Roman archeological sites, very little information is available concerning the nature and chemical composition of the products that were originally contained within these artifacts. In this study a combined non-destructive approach that included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence was used for the characterization of some brownish-black residues preserved in a series of glass unguentaria recovered from excavations at the Roman baths from Mălăiești. The obtained results highlighted the presence of different inorganic substances (an earth-based pigment rich in iron and manganese oxides, admixed with traces of lead- and mercury-based compounds) impregnated with an organic binder such as animal glue and possible natural essential oils, a powdered product associated most probably with a cosmetic/pharmacological use. The study allowed a first insight into the composition and origin of these ancient remains, providing important clues that may help to understand the original function of these unguentaria vessels.

The importance of knowing the effects resulting from the adoption and implementation of monetary policy decisions on economic variables is a decisive factor of this article, which directed our attention to the issue of monetary policy measures. Taking into account the thematic area, this concept falls, without exception, in the field of the monetary economy, so it allows the author to carry out a rigorous, complex analysis supported by notions found in the field of finance, economic-financial integration, international relations, as well as macroeconomics. Identifying the behavior of central banks in establishing monetary policy strategies constitutes the fundamental objective of the paper and can provide a conclusive and appropriate picture of both the objectives considered and their prioritization. A standard approach in this context is to estimate a central bank reaction function in the form of a Taylor rule. By using the previously mentioned method, the identification of the final objectives of the monetary policy authorities through the lens of the promoted policy is considered. The analysis will focus on states such as Romania, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic, all committed to adopting a single currency according to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The present analysis has brought to the fore the monetary policy measures and strategies used mainly by Central and Eastern European central banks.

The clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with periodontitis stages I–III published from the European Federation of after the patient has been informed about his/her condition, the first step in the treatment process is directed toward motivation, targeting behavioral changes to achieve adequate self-performed oral hygiene practices and controlling local and systemic modifiable risk factors. Frequent re-evaluation of oral hygiene reinforcement outcomes is suggested, aiming to reinforce a patient’s motivation and keep the patient up to date with any changes that might occur in the periodontal status, enabling the patient to actively participate in the progress of the treatment plan. Periodontology in 2020, suggest treatment being provided to patients with periodontitis by a pre-established stepwise approach. The second step is focused on professional interventions to reduce and possibly eliminate subgingival biofilms and calculus. Promotes periodontal wound healing via reduction of tissue inflammation and shifts in the host responses.

This narrative review summarizes the current evidence about the role that the fabrication and presence of dental prostheses and tooth-related factors have on the initiation and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis. Tooth anatomic factors, such as root abnormalities and fractures, and tooth relationships in the dental arch and with the opposing dentition can enhance plaque retention. Tooth-supported and/or tooth-retained restorations and their design, fabrication, delivery, and materials have often been associated with plaque retention and loss of attachment. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur to dental materials. Placement of restoration margins within the junctional epithelium and supracrestal connective tissue attachment can be associated with gingival inflammation and, potentially, recession. Restoration margins located within the gingival sulcus do not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance. The presence of fixed prostheses finish lines within the gingival sulcus or the wearing of partial, removable dental prostheses does not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance.

Introduction. As the area of nano-based platforms for antimicrobial treatment aimed at pathogenic oral biofilms continues to expand, this review serves to bring together researchers from several disciplines to foster more collaboration and discovery among dental practitioners.

This study aims to analyze from the perspective of the provisions of tax law, the viability and sustainability of entrepreneurial solutions for sole proprietorships of companies. The study raises questions about the reality of this professional profile, the tax consequences of doing business in this scenario compared to other formulas and especially to propose remedies in the name of tax equity for abusive tax practice.

The present paper aims to analyse the evolution of the writing profession in case of women writers during the first half of the 20th century and especially during the inter-war period. In this respect, the present research mobilises three main methodological frameworks mainly consecrated by Pierre Bourdieu and his later followers: the sociology of professions, the sociology of gender, and field theory. The professionalisation of the literary occupation is also analysed from three main perspectives in front of the backdrop against which it occurred: firstly, the evolution of the literary profession is related to the feminisation of the literary field that allowed a wide insertion of women therein; the practices of exclusion, insofar as the literary occupation remained capitalised by male dominants; and, finally, the professionalisation of writing in the case of women is correlated to the development of the literary infrastructure during the inter-war period that contributed to the dislocation of the established criteria of the co-optation of newcomers.

Smart City’s role is to improve urban life through sustainable integrated solutions and address city-specific challenges in various policy areas, such as energy, mobility and transport, and ICT, which must also be effectively implemented. Smart City relies on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to sustainably develop urban spaces and limit the negative effects of urbanization. Globally, there is a trend to promote the concept of Smart City as a solution for urban areas in efficient and sustainable development, without affecting the environment. In Romania, Smart City has become a concern for local, urban and rural administrations, in the context in which at European level there are non-reimbursable funds for such projects. In Romania, Smart City and the projects that have the role of making an administration to be Smart are in their infancy. The purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of Smart City development in urban administrations in Romania and the influence on the financial management of local authorities. Urban spaces in Romania face certain difficulties, both in terms of development (economic, infrastructure), but also pollution. The paper will highlight the stage of development of Smart City and how it influences the financial management of local governments, where such projects are implemented. The paper is descriptive, by correlating the information highlighted in the literature and data on projects submitted for Smart City by urban areas in Romania. The study analyzes the projects submitted by the main urban areas in Romania in 2020 for their development as Smart City, according to the website https://steinbeis-romania.com, thus highlighting the concern of local governments for their development as Smart City.

Basic concepts related with speech and language and the psychomotor elements represent the basis for the development of oral language. In the case of children with autism spectrum disorder, the structure of the language has its peculiarities. Although it can be said that there is no characteristic feature of language and communication in the context of ASD, because each case has specific features and is unique, a picture of signs and symptoms can characterize and highlight the autism spectrum disorder. Recent studies highlight the direct link between fine, gross motor skills and the subsequent language development of the children with ASD. Through the analysis of several studies, this paper seeks to emphasize the importance of early intervention in Basic concepts related with speech and language (fine and gross motor skills, particularly), for the proper development of language and communication.

Both the taxation of the individual and the income tax evoke Janus through the very role played in contemporary tax systems. A ubiquitous, multi-faceted taxation, present like the god at all ceremonies, without being as notorious as the central deity, the income tax and the cohort of contributions has a multitude of expressions in the Romanian tax system. The taxation of the natural person is a compound as dynamic as Janus, with extremely varied accents depending on the source of the relevant tax revenue, which broadcasts questions of fairness, with accents of legality and even constitutionality in all provisions of the Tax Code regulating this matter. The current study aims to analyze at conceptual and policy level the field of individual taxation, with critical nuances to this plural model and a secondary manifesto on the need to strengthen equity in this area.

oor social-pragmatic communication is one of the frequent symptoms of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The determining factors of the syncopes which occur on the communication level are the deficits in the receptive and expressive language. The role of communication and language, the intervention of the parent in the process of recovering the child, the training of the parents as well as the early intervention in the Autism Spectrum Disorder are aspects that have benefited from more attention lately. The main objective of this paper is to observe the progress made by the children with ASD, who have benefited from online education and recovery therapy from a therapist. The case study was used, through observing the evaluation reports with the help of the ABLLS-R evaluation tool, applied to five children with ASD. The expected results have taken the form of improved performance on the evaluated subscales and with improved results in the intervention applied by the parent and guided by the therapist. These findings are meant to emphasize the importance of parent involvement in the process of developing language and communication, as well as recovery in the context of ASD.

Periodontal diseases are arguably among the most ancient and common infectious diseases affecting humans, leading to permanent destruction of the supporting structures of the dentition and ultimately tooth loss. It has been established that dental biofilm (‘‘plaque’’), consisting of many microbial species and their products, is an etiological agent of periodontal disease. It is widely accepted that immunological and inflammatory responses to dental plaque via hostparasite interaction are manifested by clinical signs 40 Dentino et al. and symptoms of periodontal diseases.

Our study analyzes the hypothesis of distributing taxation competence in case of personal income tax. Traditionally, the individual is the beneficiary of a mobility in the capitalization of his labor force, mobility that can generate interferences of several tax jurisdictions in terms of place of taxation. The working technique in the field of taxation with an element of foreignness used by the Conventions to avoid double taxation is taxation in the state of residence or in the source state, depending on the option of the signatory states. This autonomy at the level of the fiscal treaty is doubled by a series of punctual nuances regarding the content of these concepts and the correlation of the normative solution with the factual situation. The present study highlights the role of domicile in determining the place of taxation in the European space of freedom of movement and illustrates jurisprudential facets of this notion with fiscal relevance.

Lasers are used in oral surgery and periodontology liberally nowadays, however, solid therapeutic protocols are still lacking in some medical areas. An epulis is defined clinically as hyperplasia of the gingival tissues, usually situated in the proximity of the interdental papilla, however it may also occur in the edentulous ridges. Regarding the origin of this particular lesion the periodontun and the periosteum are considered principal components. In this case report we present an orthodontic patient with a recurrent fibrous epulis that was treated by ablation with a diode laser (940nm). This particular method was chosen due to the reduced treatment time and diminished intrasurgical bleeding. Furthermore, an improved gingival healing compared with classical scalpel blade surgical treatment was observed. We demonstrated that diode lasers are particularly useful tools in orthodontic patients that are predisposed to gingival hyperplasia and this treatment method has supplementary advantages compared to the classical scalpel regarding the presence and intensity of pain and postoperative discomfort

RAGE has historically been studied in periodontitis associated with diabetes. Activation of RAGE generates pro-inflammatory signals through its interaction with glycated molecules present in the serum and tissues of diabetic patients. This process is described as the AGE / RAGE axis. A body of evidence tends to show the involvement of this same receptor in the pathophysiology of periodontitis alone (not associated with diabetes). At the tissue level, RAGE is overexpressed in sites affected by periodontitis concomitantly with its AGER1 antagonist, limiting its inflammatory action. Finally, the serum concentration of the cleaved soluble forms of RAGE is reduced in periodontal patients and is negatively correlated with the clinical parameters of periodontitis. The pathophysiology of periodontitis seems to have an impact on the concentration of this antioxidant biomarker. The variation in the serum concentration of RAGE is associated with many systemic pathologies.

Antibiotics represent an important adjunctive method in the complex and effective periodontal therapy. Moreover, beside the curative effects of antibiotics, antibiotic prophylaxis needs to be taken into account when particular cases of infectious risk patients need to be correctly approached. An important criterion in the antibiotic prohylaxis selection includes the physiopathological state of the patient: his general state of health, his immune status, his medical-surgical history, his comorbidities and his current medications. All this in order not to carry out contraindicated associations and to avoid the potentiation of undesirable effects. Compliance with these selection criteria maximizes therapeutic efficacy while limiting individual risks (hypersensitivity, adverse effects) but also collective risks with respect to the emergence of bacterial resistance. In summary, antibiotic therapy must be justified with the best efficacy, the best possible tolerance and at a reasonable cost. In addition, the methods of compliance and the duration of the treatment can direct towards preferred molecules.

The silent nature of osteoporosis makes it difficult to diagnose. Therefore, all healthcare professionals should participate in the identification of patients suffering from this disease. Dental x-rays can be considered a minimally invasive and convenient method in identifying osteoporosis. The repercussions of osteopenia / osteoporosis on the periodontium appear to be proven. Periodontal parameters (clinical loss of attachment, probing depth, gingival index, and bleeding on probing) show signs of greater tissue degradation. The relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis appears to be linked by the risk factors they share and by the mechanism of bone loss. The inflammatory nature of these two pathologies has been demonstrated, which could highlight a pathogenic link between them. The literature does not currently suggest any specific conduct or protocol in assessing the risk of low bone density and in the management of these patients. But osteopenic / osteeporotic patients require special attention and medical dental care.

Following the bursting of the real estate crisis of 2007 and the financial crisis of 2008, the European Union faced another difficult situation, namely the sovereign debt crisis, when the euro was put to the test. The sovereign debt crisis is a widely debated and analyzed topic both in Romania and in Europe. Given the effects it generates, amid rising government debt and the instability of the banking system, it is important to know its causes, in order to subsequently identify the most effective measures to improve the economic situation in each affected state. This paper seeks to discuss the concept of sovereign debt crisis by conducting an analysis of government debt sustainability and the budget deficit in the European Union, as well as a forecast of government debt sustainability in Romania, reflecting the measures implemented by the Central Bank EU. According to the Maastricht criteria, the nominal convergence indicators, including the budget deficit and government debt, must be below the alert level, so that they are in line with European Union requirements. The level of the consolidated budget deficit must be less than 3%, and in terms of government debt, it must be below 60% of GDP. The rationale for choosing this theme is that the existence of such a crisis at European level can significantly affect the economic context of each Member State of the European Union (EU), in terms of the interconnection of the global financial system. This interconnection refers to the idea that, when a state becomes involved in the claim of sovereign debt, it indisputably endangers part of the external private debt. This concept is also called in the literature and contagion effect. The relevance of this theme lies in the analysis of the evolution of the main indicators that led to the onset of the sovereign debt crisis, as well as in the identification of its causes, in order to prevent enlargement.

This article was aimed at addressing the key relationship between prosthodontics and periodontics. The impacts of healthy periodontium on longevity of prostheses were addressed. The interdisciplinary approach has been a trend for a comprehensive dental treatment. Within modern dentistry, periodontics and prosthodontics share an intimate and inseparable relationship in multiple aspects, including treatment plan, procedures execution, outcome achievement and maintenance. By controlling inflammation and preparing sites for proper prosthetic prostheses, periodontists no doubt can provide a solid foundation for successful prosthetic outcomes. On the other hand, prosthodontists could construct proper restorative margin, shapes and contacts that benefit the harmony of periodontium and prosthesis.

Traumatizing forces may act on an individual tooth or on groups of teeth in premature contact relationship; they may occur in conjunction with parafunctions such as clenching and bruxism, or in conjunction with loss or migration of premolar and molar teeth with an accompanying, gradually developing spread of the anterior teeth of the maxilla etc. The local, regional and systemic effects of bruxism include tooth wear, excessive stress on periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone, temporomandibular joint effects and even effects on the nervous central system.

Dentists are important antibiotic prescribers, therefore their therapeutic decisions should contribute to the rational use of antibiotics. Our study aim was to analyse the modalities to evaluate the prescription patterns among dental practitioners. Material and methods. Relevant studies from MEDLINE/PubMed database, published in English, in the interval 1980-2019, evaluating the patterns of prescription of antibiotics in dentistry were selected. We excluded the studies presenting only data about the knowledge regarding antibiotics in dental practice. We recorded the type of study, the modality of collection of data, the response rate, and the characteristics about the prescription behaviour. Results. The most frequently used modality for the evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns in dentists was realized through cross-sectional or longitudinal studies. Another modality to evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns in dentistry was the analysis of prescriptions from dental practitioners. Conclusions. The study demonstrates need to for more research studies and for educational initiatives to prevent inappropriate recommendation of antibiotics in dentistry.

The success of pharmacovigilance is based on the adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports, this contributing to the identification of problematic drugs or dental materials. Our paper aim was to identify the factors influencing to the pharmacovigilance regarding knowledge, attitude, and behaviour among dental practitioners. Material and methods. Articles were selected from MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science all databases. Case reports, case series, reviews, abstracts to the meetings, studies presenting only data about the efficacy of the treatments and duplicate studies were excluded. We recorded the characteristics of the study, the evaluated parameters and the factors contributing to the attitude to report the adverse effects. Results. From the 82 papers retrieved, there were selected 7 papers. These were cross-sectional studies using self-administered questionnaires had a wide response rate (from 25% to 100%) and included groups from dental students to first year dentists or dental practitioners. Incomplete knowledge about ADR and lack of training of ADR reporting manifested through the difficulties in deciding the occurrence or not of an ADR and through concerns that the report may be wrong are the main factors contributing to the low reporting rate among dentists. Conclusions. Early recognition of an ADR, followed by its report to a pharmacovigilance centre contributes to the identification of problematic drugs or dental materials.

Aim of the study. In this paper, we intend to present the oral mucosal diseases specific to the elderly patient, caused by medication. Material and methods. We performed a clinical-statistical study on a group of 100 patients, aged between 55 and over 75 years of age, selected from patients who have applied for specialized dental treatments in the Mihail Kogălniceanu Education Base, Iaşi from October 2012 to December 2015.Results. The lesions found at the intraoral clinical examination were suspected to be given by medication and Loco-regional risk factors associated with general factors, constituted sources of worsening of mucosal pathology. Conclusions.The study concludes that for proper medical conduct, the dentist should be aware of the degree of involvement of aggravating factors in the appearance of oral mucosal lesions, their peculiarities, and apply them individually

Aim of the study The present study aimed to detect the existence of visible clinical effects in the oral cavity caused by hypertension and its related medication.Material and methods. The study was conducted on a group of 165 patients, 90 men and 75 women aged 20-80 years, the mean age being 53.2 years who were treataed in the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi. All patients included in the study were known as hypertensive patients and were undergoing treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Xerostomia was reconfirmed using a mini questionnaire.Results.The main changes were observed in the oral bleeding and gingival hyperplasia, periodontitis, lichenoid reactions, xerostomia and paralysis of the facial nerve. Gingivitis and periodontitis were confirmed by the Russell periodontal index.Conclusions. In all types of diseases cardiovascular, specific medication has resulted in pathological manifestations in the oral cavity

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition caused by the accumulation of bacteria on tooth surfaces as oral biofilms. Cytokine production is increased in the gingival fluid and in tissues affected by periodontal disease, and their level is important for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, but also for their prognosis. Salivary levels of cytokines (TNF-α) can represent reliable markers for evaluating the therapeutic outcome of different treatments for periodontitis, for example, systemic doxycycline administration. Aim: to determine the salivary concentrations of TNF-α, as a disease marker, in patients with aggressive (AgP) and chronic (ChP) periodontitis, before and after treatment with doxycycline. Material and methods: 20 patients were distributed into 2 groups: 8 diagnosed with AgP, 12 with ChP periodontitis. TNF-α level was determined using the ELISA technique in the patients’ saliva before and after systemic doxycycline (Dox) treatment. Results and discussions: The salivary TNF-α levels were elevated in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients when compared with healthy individuals. The average drop in TNFα values after doxycycline administration was higher for aggressive periodontitis patients. Conclusions: According to our results, we could conclude that TNF-α may be regarded as diagnostic markers of periodontitis. Doxycycline treatment, in terms of lowering TNF-α levels was most effective in patients with aggressive periodontitis.

The concept of modulating the host response translates into modifying or regulating the harmful or destructive aspects of the host’s inflammatory response in the periodontal tissue that occurs as a result of chronic challenge of subgingival plaque. While studies on NSAIDs, bisphosphonates and, more recently, p38MAPK inhibitors, and rezolvine lipoxins, demonstrated beneficial effects, only sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline obtained the FDA approval. However, the clinical relevance of adjunct therapy benefits is still questioned. Further progress in this area expects better forms of disease classification and identification of the molecular basis for multi-faceted imbalances that cause inflammation. Resolvins have a positive effect on neutrophils in subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis; topical resolvind can reverse the periodontal inflammation in animal models with periodontal disease. Scientists are pinning their hopes in pharmacogenomics, where genetic and epigenetic changes of the the patient will modulate the host response by medication and even diet.

Radiological investigation should be an essential step in dental prevention, showing early dental lesions that can be treated early. In our group of patients was investigated the presence of dental and pulp illness with imaging in addition to the clinical examination.It was proved that a laborious initial investigation may highlight pathological processes existing at dento-periodontal structures that are not yet clinically manifest.

ABSTRACT The systemic and oral effects caused by the use of passive or active tobacco in general and oral health are considerably high throughout the world. The negative effects of smoking habits on health depend on the dose and type of compounds of cigarettes, as well as the frequency and timing of exposure. Smoking is the main modifiable risk factor for periodontitis. Clinical studies are unanimous in demonstrating that smokers have increased susceptibility to periodontitis and greater severity and progression of periodontal disease compared to non-smokers. Paradoxically, the signs and symptoms of gingival inflammation are less pronounced in smokers than in non-smokers.

This paper presents models of political recruitment of candidates for legislative elections, in the Romanian context. We outline models, as well as other theoretical frameworks of the recruitment process, and discuss whether the Romanian parties recruit candidates for parliament by the book. Romania is at the second parliament elected under the reform implemented in 2008 when the PR system was replaced by a majoritarian one with single-member districts. And nothing seems to have changed. People still vote parties or alliances, and the selectorates are still characterized by lack of transparency when it comes to selecting candidates. The selectorates’ power is intact, even though the new system was meant to make them more inclusive and to democratize the selection process.

Introduction After Cota et Al. gingival overgrowth in renal transplanted patients varies in accordance with the type of the immunosuppressive treatment that’s why the integration between the medical and the dental team may be an important approach in the post-transplant maintenance routine. Case report A female patient N.C., 45 years old, retired for medical reasons, with renal transplant and diabetes, was referred in March 2013 by the general dentist for a gingival overgrowth at the level of the anterior mandibular arch. The periodontal treatment plan included: super and subgingival scaling and root planning, laser assisted surgical removal of the gingival overgrowth and splinting of the teeth from tooth 3.3 to tooth 4.3. Taking into account the very special general status of the patient we decided to perform the periodontal surgery as minimally invasive as possible that’s why we used a 940 nm wavelength diode laser instead the conventional technique. Results and discussions The final result of our case was a positive one because we succeeded in surgically removing the overgrowth using a nonconventional technique and in the same time we conserved the affected teeth on the arch. Conclusions This technique may be considered as an election technique for the periodontal surgeries performed in patients with highly significant systemic diseases.

Dental education has changed a lot in the last decades alone. If ten years students were receiving mainly frontal teaching nowadays they are actively involved in the educational process. Being an educator in the dental field has become more a mission than a job and students should be treated as partners with full rights. The international associations like IADS and YDW have a crucial role in fulfilling the education process of dental students and creating new opinion leaders in the field.

According to the Constitution and the existing laws, the Parliament plays a fundamental role in the Romanian political system. But public confidence in Parliament has declined to a minimum 10% in 2012 mostly because of the prolonged and deep economic crisis. We have used the elites theory to explain the constant low levels of confidence recorded by this institution since the anti-communist revolution. The winning parties of the 1990s gained access to power for a long time and established performance standards for future parliamentarians and also influenced people’s long-term expectations from the political elites. The old communist elites chose a menu of changes oriented towards securing their survival in a new political and social system. Through free elections, the old elite originated a new political power, sending in Parliament an important number of people who used to hold key positions in the communist regime. Thus, old values and habitus have been perpetuated. We show, by using elites theory, that the „genetic” profile of the Parliament continues to be influenced by the founding elite’s old values, which are incompatible with ideas such as freedom, competition, and rule of law. The electoral system was changed in 2008, but that has not managed to change the old values yet.

After conducting laboratory acoustic measurements of airborne sound insulation for several windows with the same type of PVC profiles, equipped with different types of phono- and thermal - insulating glazings, the influence of the window’s glazed part (glass) structure configuration on airborne sound insulation was analyzed. The configuration of the structure’s glazed part requires its composition of glass sheets with different thicknesses or intermediate layers of air with different thicknesses. This configuration has an important influence on the acoustic response of windows, namely on the index of air noise sound insulation, Rw, and on the behavior of the entire measurement frequency range.

This study describes the relationship between equivalence and shift in literary translation.The perspective of several distinguished scholars will be presented along with several examples taken from two different Romanian translations of the same novel, Shogun by James Clavell.Owing to the fact that the second version appeared 20 years after the first one we will be able to see how equivalence and shift were perceived diachronically. After having identified several types of non-equivalence and non-obligatory shifts, the end conclusion will be drawn, it being that equivalence cannot be attained without shifts, and shifts should always be made keeping in mind the goal of equivalence.

Mental illness represents an important component of the expenses in the public health system, due to increased direct and indirect costs. Current study investigates perception of stigma and discrimination associated to persons with mental illness, and differences in unemployment among inpatients in a mental health hospital in Cluj Napoca. Results indicate that unemployment rate among inpatients are three times higher than national unemployment rate at the time of the investigation (2001). Although current legislative framework provides the basis for developing social reinsertion programs for persons with mental illness in a context that supports a person-centered approach, there are only timid attempts to develop such programs.

Progresul către o societate democratică urmat de România după 1989 a determinat o serie de profunde transformări în toate domeniile vieţii sociale. În condiţiile în care o societate se confruntă cu un val de schimbări se pune problema reexaminării credinţelor şi valorilor, sistemul său doctrinar fiind inadecvat noilor provocări.