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This article puts in the scientific use results of rescue research of the mound (tumulus) no.1 from the village of Brânzenii Noi (Teleneşti District) and the mound (tumulus) no.1 from the village of Rogojeni (Şoldăneşti District). The vast majority of burials in the mounds studied belong to the Yamna culture, Early Bronze Age. One burial from the mound 1 in Brînzenii Noi refers to antiquities of the Noua culture, Late Bronze Age. In conclusion, the authors consider the issues of coexistence of the Late Yamna culture tribes with the bearers of the Catacomb culture in such a peculiar ecological niche as the floodplain of the Middle Răut.

Introduction. Contemporary researchers have suggested and demonstrated the hypothesis that the elevated level of D-dimers, which is a valuable marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis activation, can predict the severity of COVID-19, pulmonary complications, and thromboembolic events before they occur. Material and methods. The bibliographic resources were analyzed and selected from databases such as PubMed, Hinari, SpringerLink, and Google Search using keywords such as “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “coronavirus,” “D-dimers,” “biomarkers,” and “severity prediction,” which were used in various combinations to maximize search efficiency. Therefore, the manuscript contains 51 representative articles for this synthesis article. Results. The D-dimer levels are significantly higher in patients with severe forms of COVID-19 compared to those with non-severe forms, in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome compared to those without acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in deceased patients compared to those who have survived. D-dimers positively correlate with the degree of severity and the increased risk of progression to severe disease, inversely proportional to the survival rate. They can predict prognosis, determine therapeutic strategies, prevent complications, positively influence the disease’s course, and monitor the prognosis. Conclusions. D-dimers should be used as a pre-radiographic screening tool as early as possible after admission and as an indicator for risk stratification of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Based on the increase in D-dimer levels, adjusting therapeutic doses of anticoagulants is more beneficial for patients compared to administering prophylactic doses.

Introducere. Afecțiunile musculo-scheletice (AMS) sunt cele mai frecvent raportate cauze ale bolilor profesionale. Deși profesorii afectați continuă să fie activi, mulți își încheie cariera didactică mai devreme din cauza acestor probleme de sănătate. Scopul lucrării a fost de a descrie „poziția neergonomică” la locul de muncă, afecțiunile musculo-scheletice și problemele de sănătate apărute la cadrele didactice din Republica Moldova. Material și metode. A fost realizat un studiu transversal pe un eșantion de judecată de 750 de profesori care lucrează în școlile din Republica Moldova. Indicatorii goniometrici ai posturilor de muncă au fost evaluați prin metoda fotografică și prin sincronizarea activităților ocupaționale. Prezența disconfortului musculo-scheletic și factorii asociați au fost evaluate cu ajutorul unui chestionar. Rezultate. Din cei 620 de participanți, 97% erau femei, vârsta medie – 46.6±3.77 ani. Dintre profesori, 87,5% adoptă o poziție de lucru neergonomică, datele goniometrice au arătat abateri de la unghiurile fiziologice articulare pentru radiocarpian, cot, șold, genunchi și tibio-tarsian. Unghiul de abatere a gâtului de la verticală a fost de 24,80°, abaterea umărului – 4,60°, iar abaterea trunchiului a depășit poziția fiziologică cu o medie de 17,50°. Bolile cronice ale sistemului locomotor au avut o prevalență de 37,3%, în timp ce artrita, artroza și alte modificări articulare distructive au avut o prevalență de 28,9%. Mai mult de 21,7% dintre respondenți au raportat durere la nivelul membrelor la sfârșitul zilei de lucru. Concluzii. Prevalența durerii musculo-scheletice, în special a „durerii cronice ale bolilor sistemului locomotor” (artrita, artroza, durerea la nivelul membrelor) a afectat mai mult de 1/3 dintre profesorii implicați în studiu. Aceste rezultate evidențiază nevoia implementării unor măsuri ergonomice preventive care să reducă expunerea, apoi riscul de AMS și, astfel, să minimizeze durerea cauzată de bolile cronice ale sistemului locomotor.

Introducere. Conform datelor OMS, cancerul reprezintă una din principalele cauze de deces în țările dezvoltate, cedând numai maladiilor cardiovasculare. Astfel, în fiecare an, pe glob decedează de cancer circa 10 mln de oameni. Se presupune că mortalitatea prin cancer în lume va continua să crească și până în 2030 numărul de decese de cancer va depăși cifra de 11 mln. Aproximativ 19% din toare cancerele sunt cauzate de factorii mediului ambiant, inclusiv și de condițiile de muncă nesatisfăcătoare. Se etimează că 1,3 mln. decese au loc în fiecare an din cauza factorilor profesionali. Obiective. Identificarea factorilor de risc cancerigeni ocupaționali primari și evaluarea impactului acestora asupra sănătății lucrătorilor. Material și metode. Acest studiu a folosit o metodologie de revizuire sistematică a literaturii pentru a identificarea și analiza factorii de risc asociați cu cancerul profesional și pentru a evalua strategiile preventive. Articolele au fost obținute din baze de date precum PubMed și Google Scholar publicate în ultimii 14 ani, folosind cuvinte cheie predefinite și operatori booleeni. Revizuirea a inclus studii publicate în ultimele decenii care se concentrează pe diverse industrii și expuneri profesionale. Rezultate. În UE și în alte țări dezvoltate, cancerul reprezintă un procent estimat la 53% din decesele profesionale; ca urmare, date fiabile privind expunerea profesională la factorii de risc de cancer sunt esențiale atât pentru siguranța și sănătatea lucrătorilor, cât și pentru o economie productivă și durabilă. În cazul cancerului, cauza bolii este multifactorială, iar, în prezent, există un număr mare de cancerigeni umani cunoscuți. Este bine cunoscut faptul că agenții cancerigeni profesionali rămân a patra cea mai frecventă cauză de cancer în lumea occidentală dezvoltată. Determinarea riscului de cancer profesional este complicată și mai mult de o serie de factori profesionali și neprofesionali, perioada de latență lungă pentru dezvoltarea cancerului și susceptibilitatea indivizilor la agenți cancerigeni, diferențele dintre cancerele profesionale și non-profesionale, etc. Concluzii. Argumentarea măsurilor de prevenție și promovarea sănătății populației active, precum și cunoașterea caracteristicilor cantitative ale relațiilor cauzale, au o importanță deosebită și va contribui la subestimarea bolilor profesionale.

Obiective. Leziunile traumatice prin cădere reprezintă o problemă semnificativă de sănătate globală, provoacă adesea dizabilități, mortalitate și morbiditate ridicată în întreaga lume. Căderile sunt a doua cauză de deces neintenționat la nivel mondial. Aproximativ o treime din persoanele vârstnice suferă o cădere cel puțin o dată pe an, iar această rată crește semnificativ pentru cei peste 80 de ani. Scopul prezentului studiu a fost de a identifica cauzelor producerii traumatismelor prin cădere și elaborarea măsurilor de prevenție a acestora la populația cu vârsta de 65 ani și peste, din Republica Moldova. Materiale și metode. În total, folosind bazele de date Google Scholar și PubMed au fost incluse în analiză 20 articole, selectate conform criteriilor de includere și de excludere. Datele din aceste articole, au fost evaluate, sintetizate și descrise narativ. Rezultate. Potrivit studiilor revizuite, printre factorii care pot duce la diverse traumatisme prin cădere la vârstnici se regăsesc: istoricul individual, slăbiciunea musculară și lipsa de echilibru, deficiențele vizuale, administrarea mai multor medicamente, precum sedativele, antidepresivele și antihipertensivele, deficiența de vitamina D, factori de mediu de interior și exterior, sau tulburările cognitive. Măsurile preventive pot reduce riscul de cădere, contribuind la un stil de viață independent și sigur pentru această comunitate. Concluzii. Studierea factorilor de risc, implicați în diverse traumatisme la vârstnici prin cădere ar putea ajuta factorii de decizie să adopte strategii și abordări eficiente pentru prevenirea și controlul acestora.

Rezumat . Introducere. Erorile medicale reprezintă o problemă semnificativă. Învățând din erorile trecute, elaborând și aplicând măsuri preventive, putem obtine reducere a riscului de erori și a consecințelor lor în prestarea serviciilor medicale. Obiectiv . Elaborarea recomandărilor sub formă de măsuri sistemice pentru reducerea riscului de erori în furnizarea asistenței medicale. Material și metode. S-a realizat o sinteză a experienței în domeniul medical și juridic, analizând rapoartele auditurilor interne privind calitatea activității medicale și sursele actuale de literatură. Rezultate și discuții. Riscul de erori medicale continuă să fie unul dintre principalele riscuri în acordarea asistenței medicale, inclusiv asistența specializată. Literatura medicală a acumulat o mulțime de descrieri, clasificări și cauze ale acestor erori. Cu scopul de a reduce riscul de erori medicale în cadrul institutiei medicale, s-au elaborat o serie de recomandări sub forma unor măsuri sistematice planificate. Implementarea acestor măsuri a dus la o îmbunătățire a calității asistenței medicale, a contribuit la prevenirea erorilor medicale, caz în care persoanele care le-au comis pot fi trase la răspundere civilă și penală. Concluzii. Implementarea recomandărilor generalizate în acest studiu sub forma măsurilor sistematice planificate reduce eficient riscul erorilor medicale, frecvența și gravitatea consecințelor medicale-juridice asociate acestora. Cuvinte cheie: riscuri medicale, calitatea asistenței medicale, consecințe medico-juridice ale erorilor medicale.Summary . Systemic Approach to Reduce the Risk of Medical Errors. Background. Medical errors pose a significant problem. By learning from past mistakes, developing and applying preventive measures, we can reduce the risk of errors and their consequences in the provision of medical services. Objective of the study. Developing recommendations as systemic measures to reduce the risk of errors in providing medical care. Material and Methods. A synthesis was made of the experience in the medical and legal field, analyzing reports from internal quality audits of medical activities and relevant literature sources. Results and discussion. The risk of medical errors continues to be one of the main risks in the provision of medical care, including specialized assistance. The medical literature has accumulated a multitude of descriptions, classifications and causes of these errors. In order to reduce the risk of medical errors within the medical organization, a number of recommendations were developed in the form of planned systematic measures. The implementation of these measures led to an improvement in the quality of medical care, contributed to the prevention of medical errors, in which case the persons who committed them can be held civil and criminal liability. Conclusion. The implementation of the generalized recommendations in this study, in the form of planned systematic measures, effectively reduces the risk of medical errors, the frequency, and the severity of their medicolegal consequences.

În articol se discută importanța siguranței pacientului în cadrul unei organizații medicale. Prin intermediul unei revizuiri a literaturii și a interviurilor cu personalul medical, au fost cercetate provocările moderne și măsurile de asigurare a siguranței în domeniul medical, inclusiv cultura siguranței, educația și formarea personalului, utilizarea tehnologiei și participarea activă a pacienților. Rezultatele subliniază faptul că siguranța pacientului necesită o abordare sistemică și eforturi constante din partea tuturor participanților în organizația medicală.

Scopul. Studierea reacțiilor patologice din partea arterei brahiale (AB) la cercetarea funcției endoteliale vasculare (FE) cu aplicarea probei cu hiperemia reactivă (HR) și valoarea lor aplicativă în tratamentul pacienților cu formele grave a BPOC. Materiale şi metode. Au fost examinați 60 bărbați, vârsta medie 47,7±5,11 ani şi durata maladiei 13,0±5,4 ani, cu evoluție de gravitatea medie și gravă (conform criteriilor GOLD). Cercetarea neinvazivă a disfuncției endoteliale s-a efectuat cu utilizarea probei cu hiperemie activă, aplicând Duplex ultrasonor de rezoluție înaltă la aparatul „Logiq S8” („General Electric”, SUA) cu transductor liniar 8,0-10,0 MHz după metodă, propusă de David S. Celermajer [ ]. Diame- trul a. brahiale a fost măsurat inițial şi imediat după decompresie. Disfuncția endotelială se considera atunci când indicelefuncției endoteliale era sub 10%.Rezultate. Analiza datelor dobândite a relevat scăderea considerabilă a FE: indice FE a fost 7,14±11, 22% , cu variații între -15,0% și 29,4%. La 10 pacienți după probă cu HR a fost depistată reacția patologică din partea AB: în locul dilatării endoteliu-dependente solicitate, s-a observat reacția spastică sau negativă (în limitele între 0% și -15,0%). Paralel la toți 10 pacienți au fost vizualitate placi aterosclerotice solitare și pare în a. carotide cu stenoză lumenului în limitele 20-40% fără orice manifestări clinice. Nivelul colesterolului total și LDL-colesterol au fost crescute: 7,5±2,0 mm/l и 4,7±1,8 mm/l respectiv. Nici la unul din 10 pacienți în urma tratamentului ulterior de 5 săptămâni cu perindopril (doza medie 2,9±1,5 mg/zi) sau valsartan (doza medie 54,5±15,4 mg/zi) nu a fost relevate scăderea semnificativă a presiunii sistolice și medii în artera pulmonară.Concluzii. Reacțiile patologice din partea AB la estimarea FE cu aplicarea probei cu HR pot vi utilizate ca un crite- riu eficacității tratamentului ulterior a hipertensiunii pulmonare cu prestarium sau valsartan și pronosticul supraviețuirii pacienților cu formele grave a BPOC.

Această cercetare abordează problema aderenței la tratament a pacienților cu tuberculoză. Autorii au realizat o analiză complexă a cauzelor acestui fenomen și au propus o serie de soluții pentru a-l depăși. Studiul se bazează pe sintetizarea experienței proprii a autorilor, analiza sondajelor adresate pacienților și medicilor, precum și studiul surselor din diverse baze de citare științifică. S-a ajuns la concluzia că aderența scăzută la tratament a pacienților cu tuberculoză reprezintă o problemă serioasă, care necesită o abordare complexă și implicarea activă a tuturor părților vizate. Rezultatele lucrării pot fi utile ftiziopneumologilor, specialiștilor în domeniul sănătății, reprezentanților guvernamentali și organizațiilor non-guvernamentale care se ocupă de problema tuberculozei.

Articolul propune o analiză detaliată a percepției pe care o au medicii cu privire la erorile lor profesionale. Datele au fost colectate printr-un sondaj de opinie desfășurat printre medici. Articolul examinează factorii care contribuie la erorile medicale și modalitățile de a le reduce, punând accent pe îmbunătățirea sistemelor de raportare și creșterea conștientizării acestor probleme în cadrul comunității medicale.

Ipoteza de profitare de imposibilitatea victimei de a-și exprima voința deja este avută în vedere în art. 171 și 172 din Codul penal al R. Moldova. De aceea, nu este necesară completarea Codului penal al R. Moldova cu articole similare cu art. 2181 și 2191 din Codul penal al României. O astfel de completare ar dubla prevederile art. 171 și 172 din Codul penal al R. Moldova în respectiva ipoteză. Soluția este aplicarea eficientă a art. 171 și 172 din Codul penal al R. Moldova în cazul în care făptuitorul profită de imposibilitatea victimei minore de a-și exprima voința.

This study examines the inequalities identified in the tax system of the Republic of Moldova, analysing, for the most part, the single rate of 12%, which, moreover, contributes to the accentuation of social and economic disparities, because with the introduction of the proportional system of taxation, there has been an increase in the level of inequality in the country. The author points out that a flat rate significantly benefits those with higher incomes, as the percentage applied is uniform for all taxpayers. The arguments put forward to prove this theory are based on analysis of tax data. Thus, those with higher financial incomes are advantaged, while those with lower incomes – bear a proportionately higher burden. The article highlights the need for an overhaul of the tax system to eliminate this inequality and promote a fairer distribution of the tax burden in order to reduce social inequality.

Objectives. To systematically review the complex relationship between cardiovascular comorbidities and lung cancer, focusing on their impact on patient prognosis, treatment outcomes, and quality of life, with special emphasis on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. A total of 137 studies examining the following aspects were included: Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities (e.g., coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease, thromboembolic events) in lung cancer patients; Prognostic implications of cardiovascular comorbidities across different stages of lung cancer; Impact of cardiovascular complications arising from cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy); Assessment of quality of life in lung cancer patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Results. The prevalence of various cardiovascular comorbidities in lung cancer patients across different stages remains high. Prognostic impact of pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities, especially in early-stage lung cancer remains negative. Cancer therapies can exacerbate existing cardiovascular conditions or induce new complications, significantly reducing the quality of life in patients with both lung cancer and cardiovascular comorbidities. Conclusions. To mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications in lung cancer patients with comorbidities, a comprehensive approach is necessary. This includes proactive cardiovascular risk assessment and management throughout all stages of lung cancer treatment, the development of treatment strategies tailored to individual patient risk profiles, and continued research into the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in lung cancer.

The article contains information about the achievements of M. Cebotari in the interpretation of the vocal-symphonic works of the composers of the Viennese classical era: J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart and L. van Beethoven Unique, little-known materials about the singer’s participation in numerous concerts in Vienna and other cities of Austria, where their compositions were performed are collected and analyzed. Of great interest for the study are the critical materials published in the newspapers of that time, which are the main source of information on the subject. Additionally, the dates, places and participants of the concerts are indicated.

The security culture and security of the person need to be amplified in the context of the European integration process of the Republic of Moldova, especially in the conditions of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The most important political document concluded by Chisinau diplomacy with the European Union – the Agreement of Association of RM with the EU, signed on June 27, 2014, involves the establishment of a high level of protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, including through the establishment of several mechanisms for strengthen the security culture and the ability of citizens to protect themselves against a wide diversity of security risks. A new dimension was acquired by this desideratum stipulated in the RM-EU Association Agreement in the conditions of the current pandemic of COVID-19, when the entire security system has been put to the test, undermining the foundations of a good functioning of human society both at the World scale, as well as in the Republic of Moldova.

The basic task of forensic tactics is to organize the forensic activity as efficiently as possible in relation to the purpose of the criminal prosecution actions, the special investigation activity, and the entire process of criminal investigation based on the materialization of a rational system of interactions and relationships between trial participants. Saying “the structure of the tactics” we mean such elements that include a whole complex of subsequent actions - starting with the assessment of the existing situation, until reaching the objective pursued. The assessment of the situation, the interpretation of phenomena and circumstances, the analysis of accumulated information - all these are intellectual operations that require professional knowledge, experience and appropriate reasoning power of the investigating officer. Based on them, the tactical decisions appear, the selection of the operative and investigative means and methods is made, their order of execution is drawn up in order to achieve the objectives pursued.

The article presents an analysis of the version for tenor and piano of one of the most important vocalchamber compositions in Moldovan music — the vocal cycle „Lyric Poem” by V. Zagorsky on the verses by E. Loteanu, written in the original for baritone and piano. The authors review the new tonal plan, which appears as a result of transposition, highlight the peculiarities of the vocal and piano parts, specify the new figurative images in the proposed version. A major argument in favor of the feasibility of such an adaptation is the fact that the authors have already successfully performed in concert several romances. The conclusion is made regarding the importance of the undertaken effort in popularizing V. Zagorsky’s vocal-chamber works.

The article provides a brief overview about performances of the operatic heritage of the great Russian composers M. Glinka and P. Tchaikovsky by the outstanding singer of the XX-th century M. Cebotari. The roles of Antonida in „Life for the Tsar”, Lisa in the „Queen of spades”, Tatiana in „Eugene Onegin” and Iolanta in the opera of the same name are considered and analyzed. Born in the Russian Empire, Russian as a native speaker and brought up in the culture of the Russian emigrants, M. Cebotari interpreted these roles on the stages of Western Europe with enviable perfection and organics, deeply penetrating the essence of the performed part and image.

M. Cebotari, besides her remarkable achievements obtained in the interpretation of the music of German, Italian and Russian composers, asserted herself completely as an outstanding performer of the leading roles in French operas. These results were obtained due to the compact and solid lyrical voice, the performing techniques in the agility and coloratura of the voice, the impeccable sense of style, and a perfect knowledge of the French language. Not only her unmistakable voice but also her special stage abilities contributed to the artistic realization of the prima donna, which helped her totally transform into the image of the characters she played. Here we can mention the following roles: Antoninaia in J. Off enbach`s Tales of Hoff man, Manon in the opera of the same name by J. Massenet, Carmen and Michaela in the opera Carmen by G. Bizet.

The current global crises, the health crisis and the information wars and their axiological aspects have created risks and threats to the security of human beings and societies. The postmodern approach comes with a skepticism, subjectivism and relativism, a suspicion of the foundations of Western culture. Their systematic destruction, the use of language to promote an ideology becomes the source of chaos and decreases the degree of social cohesion in any society. The values of the postmodern world, tolerance and equality, come into conflict with the traditional society that had at the top of the hierarchy a truth of a religious nature. The current COVID19 crisis leads to a dangerous mutation of two state archetypal models: T. Hobbes's leviathan with C. G Jung's devouring mother archetype, leads to a the limitation in rights and a degradation of the human being. In the curent information wars to ensure the security of the citizen, axiological immunization provides the way for global problems at the local level.

The process of implementing information technologies in all areas of economic, political, social life, etc. in the Republic of Moldova has also determined the evolution of cybercrime. New “virtual” dimensions of national infrastructure are being formed, which are becoming more and more important for local and international politics. As a result, in recent years it has been found that computer systems, networks and data are being used more and more frequently for criminal purposes, and the materials that could be evidence of these crimes are also stored and transmitted through these networks by perpetrators. Cybercrime, espionage, propaganda, diversion and excessive exploitation of personal data through electronic communications networks are used as basic tools at all stages of designing a hybrid security threat. Cyberspace-specific threats are characterized by asymmetry and accentuated dynamics and global character, which makes them difficult to identify and counteracted by measures proportional to the impact of the materialization of risks. Moldova is currently facing threats from cyberspace at the address of critical infrastructures, given the increasing interdependence between cyber infrastructures and infrastructures such as those in the financial banking, transport, energy and national defense sectors. The globality of cyberspace is likely to amplify the risks to them by affecting both the sector to the same extent private as well as public. Threats to cyberspace can be classified in several ways, but the most commonly used are those based on motivational factors and the impact on society. In the prevailing conditions cybersecurity is becoming one of the most important areas for ensuring internal security and the effective operation of state institutions in all spheres of social and economic life.

Digital signature solutions are rapidly replacing classic signatures and have the potential to dominate signature-related processes. The concept of a digital signature is based on the transition from paper to electronic documentation and the automation of workflow systems, by reducing the processing time of documents. The digital signature offers the possibility to identify a person who has signed an electronic document. The main benefits of this technology include increased efficiency, lower costs, and increased customer satisfaction. Digital signatures must be clearly distinguished from ordinary authentication processes. While authentication is only used to verify the identity of end- users, digital signatures also ensure data integrity. The paper analyzed the importance and main arguments, challenges, and strategies for the implementation of the digital signature, as well as the role of the Information Technology and Cyber Security Service-STISC in the implementation of the digital signature in the Republic of Moldova.

The article contains information about the first steps in the professional career of Maria Cebotari – a brilliant singer and actress of the first half of the 20th century, when she participated in the cultural events of the Russian Diaspora in Berlin and Dresden. The information of this kind was collected from a number of emigrants’ newspapers of that time, on the pages of which they tried to comment truthfully or announce the concerts with the participation of M. Cebotari. This material serves not only to fill in the gaps in her biography, but also proves that M. Cebotari had organically belonged to the „Russian World” of Germany for almost ten years.

Objectives. Over the years, hygienic scientists of the Republic of Moldova have accumulated important scientific achievements in the field of population health, in relation with environmental and occupational risk factors, with a considerable impact on society. The aim of the study was to evaluate the achievements in the field of environmental and occupational health in the Republic of Moldova. Materials and methods. International and domestic problems and achievements in the field of health and the environment were studied and analyzed, performing an advanced search of the specialized literature. Results and discussions. Through the article below are presented the scientific achievements of hygienic scientists from the Republic of Moldova, in the hygiene of the environment department, including the occupational environment, during the years after the Second World War. In the mentioned fields have contributed the scientists of the hygiene departments of the State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu", of the scientific laboratories of the former Moldovan Institute of Scientific Research in Hygiene and Epidemiology, of the National Center for Public Health. The research was conducted in the context of the objectives of international organizations (World Health Organization, International Organization of Labour, United Nations).Based on the materials of the scientific researches, were defended habilitated doctoral theses, multiple doctoral theses, also were published, monographs, guides, methodical recommendations, manuals, articles, etc. The results obtained were implemented in practice. Based on scientific research, a series of hygienic regulations, methodical recommendations, orders of the Ministry of Health, Government Decisions, draft Laws of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, etc. were developed. Hygienic scientists have made an indisputable contribution to the implementation of organizational reforms and advanced methods of preventive and current surveillance of public health and determinants in accordance with the provisions of the National Health Policy and the requirements of World Health Organization and European Union. Conclusions. The main task of the State Public Health Surveillance Service, at present, is to further develop hygienic science, implement organizational reforms and advanced methods of preventive and current surveillance of public health and determinants in accordance with the provisions National Health Policy and with the requirements of World Health Organization and European Union, further improvement of the didactic-methodical process, elaboration and implementation of modern policies in public health.

Objectives. Environmental factors, along with living and training conditions, behavioral factors and health care, play an important role in promoting and preserving the health of athletes. This article concerns the hygienic assessment of the organization of the training process, as well as training and living conditions of athletes. Material and methods. The study was carried out on a group of 173 junior athletes, from Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, who play sports games (basketball, volleyball, handball, football, tennis), aged between 15-18 years. The used working tool was the questionnaire on the living and training conditions of junior athletes. Results. It was found that 16.7% of tennis players and 9.1% of handball players rated the quality of the occupational environment as inadequate. 11.0% of respondents reported a tense psychological climate in the team. Among the athletes who reported a very tense psychological climate are football and handball players. Potential environmental risk factors were identified when assessing the living conditions of the athletes: living in the industrial area, near the high road, the presence of unpleasant smell. Conclusions. Respecting the hygienic requirements, regarding the organization of the training process and ensuring adequate living and training conditions, have a basic role in the training of performance athletes. Thus, it becomes very important to organize activities to promote behavioral and lifestyle changes among athletes.

Objectives. Solid fats, obtained industrially through the process of hydrogenation of vegetable oils, have found a very wide use in the food field. At the same time, they have a high content of trans fatty acids, these being also known as "trans fats". Recent researches have revealed the adverse effects of trans fatty acids on health. The high content of trans fatty acids contributes, in particular, to the emergence of non-communicable diseases. That is why it was conducted a bibliographic study, in order to elucidate the various harmful effects of trans fatty acids on health and its prevention possibilities. Material and methods. An advanced literature search was performed using the Google Scholar search engine and the PubMed, Research for Life and Medline databases. The criteria for selecting the items included health issues, according to the keywords trans fatty acids, trans fats, health, non-communicable diseases. Results. The direct connection of excessive consumption of trans fatty acids, with various non-communicable diseases, has been found. It largely affects the lipid spectrum of the blood, the circulatory system, in general, but also other systems and organs, including the reproductive system in men. Some forms of cancer, cognitive impairment in the elderly, the detrimental effect on the fetus, can also be caused by excessive consumption of hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated fats high in trans fatty acids. Conclusion. There is a need to harmonize national legislation with European legislation on trans fatty acids regulations, formalize control methods, joint activities of state bodies with representatives of the food industry in order to improve the situation on the issue.

Delivering public services in the most efficient way to businesses and citizens creates good prerequisites for increasing confidence in governance and enhancing e-Government. The main challenge is to invest in and capitalize on the capacity to integrate the information systems behind these services. This article presents an overview of the structure of public services in the Republic of Moldova in terms of information technologies and the degree of achievements in the interoperability of information systems. In this work are analysed some relevant models of information exchange between information systems of trade and service sectors.

The end of the Cold War has determined the social consciousness that military menace has diminished, being replaced by new non-military risks, the dangers and menaces of political, economic and social, environmental type, including those of educational and cultural nature. Human security, as a new constructivist concept in the contemporary security studies and in social sciences, represents a new perspective of security as a global social phenomenon. The social-culturologic component of human security underlines the importance of assuring the stability of cultural environment, of spiritual progress and of the intellectual and moral welfare of the human person. These efforts harmoniously fit into the wide-ranging activities of promoting human security in the society which is mainly concentrated on the totality of the interests and needs of the human individual. The security interests of the state become subsidiary and inferior as a priority comparing with the person’s security.

Teaching students to be literate is a high educational priority in the Republic of Moldova, as it is certainly throughout the world. The purpose of the article is to show why the classroom environment undergoes a constant change, and how teachers face the challenge of combining the traditional instruction with the computer-assisted one. For those students who want to become proficient in a new language it is a very difficult transition. Instructors who have taught students learning English as a foreign language know that any language support is helpful for their language acquisition. The methods proposed by Liaw and Kang have demonstrated that students who learn English need a variety of language experiences. We believe that ICTs along with computer literacy can play an integral part in providing ELL students with valuable language experiences as they learn a new language in the context of its both domestic and foreign social value growth.

Pleural drainage is a relatively simple procedure that can be a definitive solution in 90-95% of all thoracic trauma cases (haemothorax and pneumothorax), and a mandatory procedure in general thoracic surgery. The insertion of a chest drain can be associated with multiple and severe complications, therefore indications for chest tube placement must be strict and the person responsible for their insertion must be able to manage its complications. In this literature review we look into the goals of pleural drainage, indications for tube insertion, complications that can occure immediately and later in pleural drainage placement and tube management, as well as the new digital systems for chest tube management.

The article presents information about the famous Moldovan tenor, excellent vocal teacher — Leonid Boxan who would have been 100 years old in 2016. He died at the age of 96 leaving an immence heritage: well- trained vocalists and a number of scene characters performed on the srages of the Timişoara, Liviv and Chişinau Opera Theatres. Of special interest is the circle of personalities who were around him. In the first place should be mentioned the outstanding representatives of the national vocal school: his teachers, friends, colleagues, and pupils. The author also mentions the anniversary concert dedicated to his memory that was held on the stage of the Organ Hall in which the Master’s pupils and colleagues took part.

The following article contains brief information about the opera Ariadne auf Naxos by R. Strauss, marking 100 years in 2016 since the opera was fi nished in 1916. It lists the most successful productions and their top performers. Th e article includes information, found by the author, about the performance of Ariadne`s part by M. Cebotari. Th ese were performances of the Vienna Opera in 1947, and the London festival of Richard Strauss`s music. Th e author also analyses M. Cebotari`s recording of the aria of Ariadne Es gibt ein Reich… with the orchestra of the Vienna Philharmonic, conducted by H. von Karajan, made some month before her death and which has become a standard of performing skills. Mention is made of the performance of arias from R. Strauss`s opera «Ariadne auf Naxos» at the National Philharmonic of Chisinau in the vocal-symphonic concerts, dedicated to the anniversaries of R. Strauss and M. Cebotari.

Concflictele de legi ca element-cheie al Dreptul internațional privat impun necesitatea determinării în permanență a legii aplicabile instituțiilor acestei ramuri de drept. În Dreptul internațional privat legea aplicabilă bunurilor este lex rei sitae. Stabilirea legii aplicabile bunurilor pre­zintă importanță pentru reglementarea raporturilor juridice cu element de extraneitate; or, în dependență de legea aplicabilă bunurilor se determină conţinutul posesiunii, dreptul de proprietate şi alte drepturi reale asupra bunurilor mobile şi imobile, realizarea şi ocrotirea acestor drepturi. Totodată, nu mai puțin importantă este și stabilirea domeniului și a limitelor de aplicare a lex rei sitae, care determină elementele ce formează statutul real, precum și aspectele care nu sunt guvernate de legea situației bunurilor.THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE LEX REI SITAEConflicts of laws as a key element of Private International Law impose the need to permanently determine the law that is applicable to the institutions of this branch of law. In private international law the law applicable to the assets is lex rei sitae. Determination of the law applicable to the assets is important for regulating the legal relationships with foreign element, or, depending on the law applicable to the assets, the content of the possession, property and other real rights over movable and immovable property, the realization and the protection of these rights are determined. Also, it is important to establish the scope and the limits of application of the lex rei sitae, which determines the elements of the real status and matters that are not governed by the law of the situation of assets.

Termenul de prescripție constituie un factor important la care urmează de atras atenția la analiza infracțiunilor de insolvabilitate intenționată și de insolvabilitate fictivă. Expirarea termenului de prescripție ca efect al omisiunii consta­tării faptei prejudiciabile și, respectiv, urmăririi și judecării făptuitorului în perioada stabilită de legea penală duce la liberarea persoanei de răspundere penală. Din aceste rațiuni, se impun eforturi susținute în vederea simplificării proce­durii și determinării momentelor importante asupra cărora urmează de atras atenția la desfășurărea urmăririi penale și la judecarea cauzelor de insolvabilitate intenționată și de insolvabilitate fictivă. Identificarea temeiurilor care duc la expi­rarea termenului de prescripție și treptat la omisiunea tragerii la răspundere penală constituie un element important în vederea tragerii la răspundere a persoanelor vinovate și apărării drepturilor creditorilor în procesul de insolvabilitate.THE PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE PRESCRIPTION TERM FOR THE CRIMES RELATED TO INSOLVENCYThe prescription period represents an important factor which should be highlighted in the process of analyzing deliberate insolvency crimes and fictitious insolvency crimes. The expiration of the prescription period as consequence of the omission of the prejudicial act and, namely, prosecution and trial of the perpetrator in the established period of time by the penal law, leads to the release of the person from the criminal liability. From these perspectives, sustained efforts are required to simplify the procedure and to determine the important moments which should be brought under the spotlight in the process of criminal prosecution and trial of the causes of deliberate insolvency crimes and fictitious insolvency crimes. Identifying the grounds that lead to the expiration of the prescription period, and gradually to the omission of the criminal liability, represents an important element for putting the guilty persons under the law and for defending the creditors’ rights involved in the process of insolvency.

Articolul reprezintă o cercetare a uneia dintre cele mai importante probleme ale Dreptului Internațional Privat – operațiunea calificării. Conține argumentarea soluțiilor sugerate pentru a rezolva operațiunea de calificare în Dreptul Internațional Privat, precum și fundamentarea necesității reglementării opreațiunii de calificare.THE OPERATION OF QUALIFICATION IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAWThe article is a research of one of the most important issues of Private International Law – the operation of qualifications. Provides the reasoning of the suggested solutions to solve the qualification problem in Private International Law and as well substantiating the need to regulate the qualification process.

Oleg Negruţa’s composition repertoire for solo instruments with accompaniment, of which clarinet opuses are highlighted, is important for indigenous musical art. In a vast genre complex, it confirms the composer’s constant commitment to the idea of the Bessarabian professional school. In this sense, as relevant works can be considered the three pieces for clarinet and piano: Improvisation, Fantasy on a Theme by Paganini and Elegy. However, this article is meant to offer details in an analytical way about Negruţa’s specific language and, moreover, to emphasize the author’s mastery of combining folklore elements with others characteristic ofjazz, both being treated according to the canons of academic music.

Proteoliza globulinei de rezervă 11S din seminţele de arahide, Ara h3, cu papaină începe cu cuscindarea secvenței C-terminale extinse a α-catenelor, care cuprinde regiunea α-helixurilor. Clivarea ulterioară a buclei dintre β-strendurile E' şi F' din partea centrală a β-barrelui din α-catene duce la formarea fragmentelor, legate cu β-catenele intacte prin legătură disulfidică, precum şi reţinute în molecula globulinei 11S parţial hidrolizată prin interacţiuni necovalente. Conform scenariului proteolizei descrise, acţiunea iniţială a papainei distruge regiunea C-terminală a α-catenelor, în care sunt prezenţi trei din cei patru determinanţi antigenici (epitopii IgE), identificaţi în globulina 11S din arahide. Astfel, gradul de alergenicitate a Ara h3 poate fi substanțial redus prin proteoliza sa limitată cu papaină.ALLERGEN ARA H3, STORAGE 11S GLOBULIN FROM PEANUT SEEDS 1. PAPAIN LIMITED PROTEOLYSISPapain proteolysis of the storage 11S globulin Ara h3 from peanut seeds starts from the detachment of an extended a-chain C-terminal sequence covering the region of a-helices. Further cleavage of a loop between b-strands E’ and F’ inside the central part of a-chain b-barrel occurs generating fragments connected with intact b-chains via a disulfide bond and those retained inside the molecule of partially hydrolyzed 11S globulin due to non-covalent interactions. In accordance with the described proteolysis scenario, the C-terminal a-chain region containing three of the four antigen determinants (IgE epitopes) identified in the peanut 11S globulin is destroyed during the initial papain action. Therefore, the level of Ara h3 allergenicity can be decreased via papain limited proteolysis.