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In the present paper the author undertakes a detailed analysis of the Hearsay Rule, an uncommon legal procedure in the continental legal systems, but which benefits from a very rigorous and well elaborated corpus of regulations under the Federal Rules of Evidence. The aforementioned corpus of regulations was developed and constructed over many decades on the basis of judicial practice and it is specific to the common law system being a fundamental institution of it, which governs the procedures of administering the testimonial evidence. In contrary to the continental legal systems where the rules governing the administering of testimonial evidence are contained in the codes of criminal and civil procedure, in the common law system, besides the codes of procedures, there is also a specific regulation regarding the admissibility of evidence, applicable in both civil and criminal cases. The particularity of the present paper is given by the fact that it brings into the attention of the domestic legal profession a foreign legal construction, which was the object of very few studies in Romania, and which assures a plus of dependability to the use of testimonial evidence. This system works perfectly in the US legal system. In my opinion the lack of clear dispositions in the new Romanian codes of criminal and civil procedures which would interdict expressly the administering of hearsay evidence or the use of a testimonial evidence administered in an another case, without the possibility of the interrogation of the witness in a case in which the testimony is being used, does great prejudices to the procedural rights of the parties. Furthermore the basic principles of finding out the truth is violated not to mention the serious devaluation of the quality of the administration of justice reported to fact of the questionable nature of such evidence. I consider that the various aspects presented in this paper could constitute a source of inspiration for the future regulation of the problematical nature of the hearsay evidence in the Romanian legal system. The simple fact that the domestic procedural tradition did not know the regulation of this institution it is not a convincing argument for the omission of taking on the question of the hearsay evidence. The unconvincing nature of the argument is further emphasized by the fact that the new Romanian Code of Criminal Procedures took over institutions specific for the common law system, institutions which are alien in our country, like the plea bargaining or the institution of the admission of guilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian defence planning is under common logic, containing a strategic document emanating from the top of the state (National Security/Defence Strategy), an intermediate document developed at departmental level and undertaken by the Government (Defence White Paper) and a departmental document presented by the military establishment (Military Strategy). As shown in the article, the model is similar to the U.S. model consisting of National Security Strategy (the President's view), National Defence Strategy (a document assumed by the Defense Secretary) and National Military Strategy. In fact, these documents can be found in almost any country of the world. Characteristic of our country is the difficulty of how these documents are issued, which led to a situation where the last Military Strategy dates from 1999 and the last White Paper was issued in 2004. But this year is expected that all these documents to be approved by the authorities and we believe that the new law of the defense planning will streamline the process of development and adoption of strategic documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the American presence in two journals of the Bucharest School of Sociology, as well as the information provided in these journals with regard to the American sociological models and their evolution. The data reviewed demonstrate not only a strong academic connection, but also an active cooperation and consistent exchange of academic knowledge between the two countries. The paper builds on a quantitative study of the full archives of the two journals - Arhiva pentru Ştiinţa şi Reforma Socială (Archive for Science and Social Reform) and Sociologie Romanească (Romanian Sociology); its final part is dedicated to the Romanian monographic activity of the U.S. sociologist Ph. Mosely. The conclusion is that the development of the Romanian school of sociology was in line not only with what was happening in the greatest schools of sociology in Europe, but also with the theoretical developments of the American sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented global technical and economic progress where the United States of America holds supremacy, imposed, in the process of globalization, the necessity of accepting a single language English as means of communication. As a result of the contact with the English language, Romanian current vocabulary has been undergoing, for more than two decades, significant transformations due to the massive borrowing of English words, some meant to fill lexical gaps particularly in the field of economics. These loanwords of English origin did not bring any change upon the grammar structure of the Romanian language but, nevertheless, they cannot be disregarded or overlooked. The present paper brings into discussion the issue of the importance English loanwords had upon the Romanian business vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The trans-Atlantic alliance must confront a number of fundamental strategic questions about its future. Unpredictability becomes the very essence of security. Political transitions in MENA, cyber security threats and America's increasing focus on Asia, these are collective prooves that NATO has entered a new age. This Paper addresses future threats to NATO, challenges confronting the alliance in addressing them, and a path for moving forward. Conclusion is that the allies must acknowledge that their long-term security will be in jeopardy unless they make difficult decissions about priorities settled at the Chicago Summit. Smart Defense is a new constructive mind-set that could nevertheless become a vulnerable initiative, since the allies will be under considerable pressure to demonstrate concrete deliverables in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike the new age of migration that we are experiencing now, the social mobility specific to the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century may be defined by the expression "one way ticket"; the immigrant, usually a man, used to leave his country of origin and settle for good in his host-country (he did not look for his happiness from state to state, as it happens now). The Romanian migration of that time was directed mainly towards the New World (particularly to the USA, and less to Canada). This paper is an attempt to sketch the image of Romanian emigration by taking into account the peculiarities determined by: emigration causes, geographical predominance, social composition, occupational options in the host-country, and the structure of Romanian immigrant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aiming to highlight the connection that exists in terms of values and principles between the general domain of social work, its narrow branch of criminal justice social work and the field of probation. The first part of the article is related to the Anglo-Saxon tradition, especially USA and Great Britain, where the origins of social work and probation could be found and where these have been consecrated in modern version. This part tracks the evolution of values and principles by means of milestone events, meaningful for a historical perspective, which helps on identification of certain periods of changes in the value basis. In the second part of the article, the analysis moves on Romanian context in order to identify the way in which the values and principles rise and find their identity in social work and probation, as well as the measure in which these values and principles have been superimposed and have been transposed into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to provide a view on the Romanian's communist regime activity on the international stage, in the context of the geostrategic rivalry between the U.S.S.R. and the United States. The author emphasizes the way the rivals perceive each other military, political, economic power, the grounds of confrontation and especially the two superpowers' attitude towards their allies. Also, the research focuses on those events in which Romanian communist leaders took domestic and international policy decisions, in direct relation to the perception or error of perception of geopolitical developments arising from the geostrategic rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article tries to highlight the main characteristics of the council manager form of government, as it presents itself in the American administrative system. This effort is made in the context in which the Romanian authorities have created an administrative function that is supposed to replicate the American city manager: the Public Administrator. Such an analogy is impossible to be made in the absence of a clear view of what city manager means and this insufficiency is what the paper tries to remediate, given the scarcity of information regarding this problem that exists in the Romanian literature. Among the approached issues are: the political-administration dichotomy, the relationship between the city manager and the main local political actors, the efficiency of the system and also the possible typologies of city managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental demands in occupational environments increased in the current socioeconomic context, this trend imposing stress management policies to promote health at work, in particular mental health. There are many methods and assessment tools belonging mainly to psychology, and can be used successfully in support of mental health promotion as a requirements argument among workers. This paper outlines some of the methods currently used in the U.S. and Europe, and also proposes the using of stress control card at work, as a very accessible instrument for Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Intelligence is a priority of national security strategies and intelligence to the US security and defence or in the UE States (Strategists/White Books), by which it is proposed, for the fi rst time, achieving an overall, systematic reforms and long term to this area for important strands of which mention: coordination, structural transformations, the formation of a new structure Improve the quality and activity of human resources reform in the intelligence research, technical development capabilities for gathering information. The dynamics of transformations is necessary to streamline the work of intelligence organizations. In Romania there is an older Security Strategy (2006) and no Intelligence strategy, which would need to be developed. Whatever the model and how to design, American or European, for turning his Romanian intelligence is important for their eff ectiveness by the maximum of the intelligence community and its components. All these directions and actions are required to be prepared for the strategic change in the world and intelligence in order to meet the new challenges of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article broaches the concept of democratization starting from the very first european order, passing by the French Revolution ideas, theorizing the second european order, which was established by the absolutist monarchies and reminds of the third order, which was set up after theWorld War One, only to analyze the first ever international order, a financial one, which was established after the World War Two. The article becomes a case study which analyzes the world order proclaimed by the two presidents of the United States and the forms through which it is realized, that is by the introduction of the concept of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereignty is defined as the external behaviour of a state personalized by its elite after gaining the consensus of the public. Seldom between decision making and public approval there are many intermediate actors such as lobbies and group interest. In a country such as USA many complain what they called the hijacking of public interest by particular lobby organizations. Stephen Walt's and John Mearsheimer's book, Israeli lobby and US foreign policy are some of these voices. Aggressively attack because of its supposedly anti-Semitic character, few have noticed its broader and more cerebral stake: that of raising a call for a realist and prudent American diplomacy, free from the temptation of tangling alliances and military unwanted adventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War, in its various forms, still represents even in the XXI century a common manner for states as well as for ethnic, political and religious groups to settle disputes. The geopolitical context, marked by the al Qaeda attacks on the USA, and the multiple world events they determined lead to major changes for the armed violence character and simultaneously for its moral implications. Therefore, the present analysis subjects the relevance of the just war theory for the new international realities, the degree to which the theory needs a revision of its classical categories ius ad bellum and ius in bello or, on the contrary, an abandonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the literature on Chinas rising to prominence has almost become a field in itself, rather few studies dwell upon the bilateral relations between worlds still hegemon and its challenger. The present study reflects on the domestic consequences stemming from US-China economic ties. Having as a theoretical background Robert Gilpins hegemonic stability theory along with democratic peace theory, the claims made here are that a prolonged US-China interdependence may have as result Americas eroding republican institutions and Chinas liberalisation. A less democratic America and a slightly more liberal (but still authoritarian) China will probably be more aggressive one to each other and destabilize the international system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States and the European Union continue to use security strategy made during the Bush Administration. A retrospective look over the key concepts of the post 9/11 era and their relevance in a globalized world of risks and threats is imperative with a view to the making of a Obama-like US Security Strategy and the replacement/revision of the EU Security Strategy in the wake of the Lisbon Treaty adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]