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School and education in general are confused, lost somewhere between the excesses and perversions of laissez-faire democracy coupled with the après nous le déluge philosophy of libertine consumerism. Such manifestations are, unmistakable evidence of neoliberalism. Our great moral-axiological benchmarks, the voice of authority, respect for the specialist or reverence for the professional found themselves set aside by the postmodern spirit – the "anything goes" philosophy – to which we all obey as a fashion or a universal trend. Unfortunately, such fashion leaves deep traces in our very human evolution which is called into question by the latest developments, tendencies or trends. The positioning of the human being – as the crown of evolution –, although exaggerated by its excessive anthropocentrism, is challenged by the current evolution of machines and computers – faster, more efficient and infinitely more unpretentious. In this paper we want to review at least some aspects of the general field of education, understood as influencing and manipulation, aspects that point, if we squint a little beyond the immediate present, to the worrying destinations, worrying both from an ethical point of view and from a broader anthropological or ontological perspective. It seems that the human being ends up being "raised" or "educated" to "serve" the algorithms of the machine, be it a robot or a computer. From an ethical point of view, this should give us something to think about in the most serious way possible. From this perspective, the present paper is meant to be an alarm that invites, at least, to some fundamental moral inquiries and reflections regarding the question: "What should I do?". We believe that ethics – given its orientative mission and its teleological "regard" – is able to offer us at least some markers to navigate through the thicket of equivocal possibilities of informatics and the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incompatibility and conflict of interest of public servant are often confused in the mind of public opinion. If the ethical aspects are more obvious in first case, because they concern the public servant when, by virtue of the position he holds, he is to take a decision or participate in the taking of a decision regarding which he has a personal interest, in the second case, they may appear as non-existent because they strictly aim at prohibiting the occupation, in certain situations, of several functions at the same time. A current issue of the judicial practice is the implementation of the public servants’ incompatibilities during the suspension of their employment relationship. Our paper analyzes the existence and the causes of a non-unitary judicial practice, anticipating the possible problems under the current legislation and formulates proposals for its improvement. These would allow to avoid in the future the non-unitary administrative and judicial practice regarding the incompatibilities of public servant whose service report has been suspended, but also to adapt the behavior of the recipients of the law in order to prevent any possible situations of incompatibility, which would also cover ethical aspects of these situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to capture the relationship between ethics and equity, by referring to the position approached by the Romanian legislator in the criminal law norms. In our opinion, the demands of fairness in the criminal process cannot be viewed outside the limits of what is considered moral, legitimate, acceptable in a controlled time and space. We will analyze the issue of the principle of equity, as a pillar of modern legal systems, following the coordinates drawn by the main ethical theories of Antiquity. Ethical theories have the attribute of being both a consequence and an essential feature of the society that formulates them: thus, we find ourselves in a position to analyze the relevance of these theories in the context of modern society. The conclusions show us that the ethics and morality of ancient societies endure and continue to produce effects in the courts, both at the European and national level, from the Constitution, to codes of ethics and to the implementing laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we aim to analyze several aspects linked to the content of the legal provisions, communication of law and theories about the truth. As social beings, our lives take place in groups and we rely on others and on society to achieve our individual purposes. In order to function properly, the society must be guided by a set of rules that are known and understood by all its the members. In the process of enactment and application of the law, a language is used to transmit the information. The language doesn't include all the intellectual input and the entire idea of the legislator, but there is no other way to communicate the rule. And, without communication, the law cannot be known, understood and obeyed. We present in the paper important arguments regarding the communication of the norms, the lack of precision of any language, and the necessity that the law to reflect reality. Law is the necessary frame for a quality life in society. Through a proper legal system, we are able to achieve our personal goals, search for happiness, keep our health, raise our children and so on. We also referred in the paper to the philosophical theories regarding the truth, as we consider that they are important for a good establishment of the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to shed new light on an ethos of the subject as psychoanalysis conceives it. In order to do so, the paper is addressing Marc Richir's phenomenology and Jacques Lacan's psychoanalysis. The hypothesis that it makes use of is that there are some common grounds between the two theoretical approaches, especially regarding the problem of the self. Both theories support the idea that the self, i.e. self-image, represents a liminal point between the registers of the Imaginary and the Real. Thus, it represents a decisive point in approaching (or not) an ethics of the Real, facilitated by anguish and language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has generated an unprecedented pandemic worldwide for the past 100 years. The healthcare systems have been profoundly challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic; also, tendencies of socio-economic and cultural changes have been observed during this period. One of the professions most affected by this pandemic is dentistry. For dental professionals, the explosion of information available online and through social networks sometimes generates uncertainty and identifying relevant scientific studies and guidelines, which allow the best decisions to be made in the professional activity, can be difficult. The moral obligation of all healthcare providers to care for their patients with the guiding principle of "primum non nocere" is very well known. In this context, national and international guidelines have been developed by accredited professional boards, to correctly inform dental professionals. The purpose of this paper is to identify and highlight the most relevant ethical and safety issues in Romania, which can be applied with confidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in the future, to properly carry out our professional activity and show respect to our patients and to ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B. Spinoza (1632-1677) is one of the central figures in the history of philosophy that has significantly influenced the Western culture. Generally known as a rationalist, Spinoza was less widely accepted as a philosopher of education, although such an outline is outlined in his writings. An explanation for this may be that in none of his works did Spinoza explicitly address education. However, concepts, values and implications of ethical theory that are particularly relevant in educational endeavors can be easily identified in Spinozian texts. In this paper we intend to explore the conceptual resources provided by Spinoza that underlie the moral education and place them in the contemporary educational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will try an argumentative approach to the idea that, beyond the experimental part of Gheorghe Craciun's writings, there may be another valuable dimension to its prose: that of an implied morality that includes a desire to (re) define and (re)order some moral concepts that were lost due to/ in the communist period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The off-label prescription means that medicines are administered by an unlicensed route, in an unlicensed formulation or dosage or to a child below the stated age range. The use of drugs in an off-label or unlicensed manner to treat children is widespread. Because many prescribed treatments for children have not been adequately tested in children, this population of patients remains a vulnerable one. On the one hand, prescribing off-label use drugs in children determines a lot of controversies but, one the other hand, without this possibility, could be deprived of a chance to be treated. The paper presents the widespread phenomenon of off-label us drugs in children, refl ecting in scientifi c studies in USA and Europe. An important focus is on Romanian statistic of Sildenafi l prescription and on dilemmatic use of it in pediatric cardiology unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE VISIONS OF COLEMAN, BOURDIEU AND PUTNAM ABOUT THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT SOCIAL CAPITAL. THIS CONCEPT REPRESENTS A SYSTEM OF INFORMAL RULES THAT PROTECT AN ENSEMBLE OF MORAL VALUES SHARED BY THE GROUP MEMBERS, BASED ON THE TRUST THAT EACH MEMBER HAS IN THIS VALUES AND ON THE MUTUAL TRUST BETWEEN THE MEMBERS OF THE GROUP. MOREOVER, REGARDING ITS CLASSIFICATIONS, THEY WERE IDENTIFIED THREE TYPES OF SOCIAL CAPITAL: BRIDGING SOCIAL CAPITAL, BONDING SOCIAL CAPITAL AND LINKING SOCIAL CAPITAL. THIS CLASSIFICATION PRESENTS THE GREATEST IMPORTANCE BECAUSE IT IS BASED ON THE EFFECTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AREA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we resort to a brief analysis of several ethical directions that today's scholars skilled in professional ethics are concerned by. On the one hand, we have to clarify the major concepts covered by any ethical debate and knowledge - ethics ("ethos") and moral (usually, manner). Following these clarifications, the professional ethics comes to answer a series of dilemmas related to the theoretical and applied ethics - to the methodology of ethical knowledge. From this point of view, Peter Singer's scientific position outlines the universe of the ethical discourse and creates conditions to address those ethical regulations with a legislative application that the European Union proposes through the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Including of the concept of psychological harassment at workplace thus creates forms of response to what we entitled "the professional ethics" as a solution for current moral dilemmas in the context of gender equality. As we bring to the attention some of the academic debates that within the European community have already found a number of institutional, academic and legislative solutions by creating some ethical instruments with legislative application, and also determining those conditions for optimization indispensable to socio-institutional relations. This work focuses on the ethical and reasoning speech and highlights the most applied approach of philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents - by the help of several testimonies on the field - the way weddings are carried out in the Romanian villages on the right Tisa bank (Tans-Carpathia, Ukraine). One must remake the virtually general consensus of the interviewed subjects towards comparing "then" and "now" when speaking about morality while categorically favoring the old days. The general opinion is that there is no more respect for those good manners and many of the people interviewed speak of a breaking ancient beliefs: For the traditional Romanian society, wedding is both a personal and family event and also a social communitary one. Just as within the Romanian Maramures villages, the Maramures villages across Tisa see wedding as a precisely staged script, while covering a ritual taken from the cultural background - with all its identity features. Performing the traditional wedding means to overlap a row of ritual actions the significance of which is not very clear anymore to the group but which becomes activated on well established customs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new infrastructure for communication has become more and more reliable and used in the past few years. Besides the social communication, science also benefits from the faster Internet services. One of the fields that benefits from the communication over the internet is also the medical field from the communications in research, health care but also in medical education. The authors review the short Internet history starting from 1969 covering over 30 years of continuous evolution. Meanwhile ethic problems emerged and were reported especially by the „Pontifical Council for Social Communications“ but also other organisations.In the second part of the paper the authors present the Internet in use for medical practices and ethical problems that this raises. One of the relations that presents ethical issues are the patient-doctor relation, patient confidentiality, the evolution of the social relation between doctorand his patient, medical commercials, invalidated treatments, plagiarism and others issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the ethical and methodological issues of the scientific research in children. The ethic requirements for a scientific research are: its importance for health, scientific validity, subjects selection, favourable risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for the enrolled subjects. Confidentiality is very important for subjects protection. The research Ethics Committees are the forum approveing the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents possible approaches to the delicate matter of terminal states, using three moral-ethical models: utilitarian, kantian and principialist. It is important to acknowledge the special needs of terminal patients and also their rights, even though their disease is incurable. It is necessary to alleviate the physical sufference, but also the mental one. During the entire palliative care there is a need to respect human dignity; we also have to address the spiritual needs of these patients. This analysis brings us to the conclusion that the optimal approach of terminal states is integrative medicine. The easy and sometimes very tempting solution offered by euthanasia cannot be accepted from a moral-ethical point of view, and even less from a deontological and legal point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]