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This paper examines the Pietist revivalist networks and their efforts to do mission work among the Jews in the course of the 19th century in the geographical boundaries of present- day Austria. In the course of the revivalist movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the concern for missionary work among Jews increasingly became the focus of awakened evangelical circles, with impulses emanating primarily from the Anglo-Saxon countries. These groups subsequently also became involved in Austria. The article not only presents these efforts for the first time in a comprehensive overview, but also presents previously unknown sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the diplomatic sources written in urban contexts, account books represent one of the richest and most diverse sources of information concerning the governance and everyday life of any medieval town. This situation is also fully valid for the small Transylvanian corner of Eastern Central Europe, where a handful of urban settlements of German foundation had developed and flourished in the Late Middle Ages. Through a few historical records of this nature, dating from the last years of the 15th century, the town of Cluj - at this point jointly administrated by its Hungarian and German communities - resembles in their employment with the predominantly Saxon towns of Sibiu, Bistrița, Brașov and Sighișoara. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to typologically frame the preserved fragments of the medieval accounts of Cluj, part of them already put in circulation since the end of the 19th century, while another, more modest in scope, was completely unpublished so far, as well as to give all these sources a new and updated critical edition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the middle of the 19th century, historical writing became a solid tool in the national struggle waged by the Romanian Pashoptists. From this perspective, it is easy to understand the optics through which the Pashoptist generation wrote the history of the Middle Ages represented by the actions of the Wallachian and Moldavian rulers in counterweight to the Phanariot rulers, viewed through the Pashoptist lens as the dark period in national history. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the Pashoptist perspective towards the Phanariot regime and outline it through concrete examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to gather and provide information about a less known historical text from the beginning of the 19th century. Alexander I, Keiser von Russland. Ein Regierungs- und Karaktergemälde written by Johann Daniel Friedrich Rumpf is the less known booklet printed in Buda, in 1815. With an anonymous translator, the text represents an important analytical base to understand the cultural, political and social landscape in the Romanian time-frame of Enlightenment. The paper focuses on some important translation issues as: loans or adaptation, in a period of time when the translators had to adapt to a different context in order to use a specialized language for the economic, geographic and legal realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the 19th century, the phenomenon of immigration has increased in Argentine. In the 20th century, the majority of immigrants came from the European continent. Despite some tempering measures, the immigration to Argentina continues to manifest itself, producing legal consequences. The family relations of foreigners are ruled, like other types of social relations with a foreign element, by private international law. This paper aims to analyse the current state of marriage regulations in Argentine private international law (with brief historical forays to understand the evolution). The scientific impact of this paper is increased by the novelty of the studied legislation and by the low interest that the Romanian doctrine has shown for the legal realities in Latin America. Its conclusions are relevant both to researchers and legal practitioners and to the general public, interested in resolving the many legal issues involved in a marriage with an Argentine citizen or immigration to Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular everyday practices, as opposed to ritual / ceremonial ones regarding food in traditional Romanian society reveal symbolic meanings of a socio-cultural code. Our paper highlights certain aspects of the quite varied gastronomic register, of the practices and beliefs circumscribed to it, from the first volume of the work Datinele şi credinţele poporului român (The customs and beliefs of the Romanian people), authored by Elena Niculiţă-Voronca at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Our research focuses on the symbolic and ritual values of food, on the existing nuances in the human-food-cultural system relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspecțiune is one of Caragiale’s most discussed texts. In this paper, I explore some possible sources of the enigma surrounding Anghelache's suicide. Suicide and its causes became a genuine subject of research in the second half of the 19th century. A new field of inquiry emerged then: moral statistics. Central to my discussion is one of Titu Maiorescu's articles, published in Convorbiri literare, in which he addresses that new way of investigating suicide, starting from Enrico Morselli’s book, An Essay on Comparative Moral Statistics. It is plausible to believe that Caragiale had read Maiorescu's article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tactics is a classic field of study in military history, which has been radically transformed by research in recent decades. Our paper aims to investigate how, since the 1970s, historical studies of tactics have developed new concepts, introduced new themes, and highlighted new aspects of this field of research. We have only considered the studies regarding the period 1850-1880, when there was an intense debate within the ranks of the European armies over the tactics that had to be developed as a result of the adoption of new infantry armament. The recent research carried out on the Western armies from the second half of the 19th century offers an interesting starting point for reappraising the history of the Romanian army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates certain aspects of the concept of “genius” in 19th European literature and philosophy. The peculiarity of my approach consists in noticing a change within the epistemological foundation of this concept on a line that starts, at the beginning of the 19th century, from an eminently rationalist framework, but evolves progressively toward an irrational or supernatural perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often mentioned in medieval charters from the Kingdom of Hungary and implicitly Transylvania, quarta filialis represents a right of inheritance on the feminin line, specific to Eastern Europe. This law is certified beginning with the 13th century and legally valid until the middle of the 19th century. Over time, quarta fililis has been the subject of research by historians and jurists. The present paper intends to analyzes the institution quarta fililias from a historiographical perspective, taking into account the highlighting of the research directions so far, as well as the outline of some perpective which must be deepened for a better knowledge of this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the way Hamlet was translated in the nineteenth century and how the versions it was translated from affected the final Romanian versions. Taking into account the influence the French language had on the literature and traslations of the time, we will analyse the linguistic particularities of the text, the new entries and the archaic words, the synonyms, semantic relationships and some lexical aspects. Due to the socialpolitical life of the time, French became the most frequently used language leaving its traits into the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to tell the story of the novel's long process of legitimation. Perceived for a long time by the poeticians of old as a genre that was not worth mentioning, because of its vulgar origins, the novel, in its modern form, has undergone a radical transformation that saw it, at the cross of the 19th and 20th centuries, at the top of the genre system. That is why I will try to point to the processes that made the novel what it is today: the dominating species, modernity's offspring, at the same time a menace and an assetto the literary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of literature, the best-selling phenomenon is relatively new, it appeared with the modernization of printing, the cheapening of paper, the development of the middle class and the expansion of the reader market in the nineteenth century. In his book, Frédéric Rouvillois concludes that a bestseller is rather a socio-economic phenomenon: it tells us what interests a society at a given time, draws our attention to marketing campaigns orchestrated by publishers and to networks and conjunctures. The bestseller has been influenced, over time, by the advent of cinema and television, and by the existence of the internet. Although there are charts with the most read books and recipes on how to write a bestseller, publishers have not yet been able to answer the question of what determines the success of a book. There is, as Rouvillois believed, a certain mystery surrounding the appearance of a bestseller, and this is because literary success escapes rational explanation, it is technically unrepeatable and unpredictable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the possibility of reconstructing the historical population of the Country of Năsăud (Transylvania, Romania) during the late eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth century, starting from the preserved parish registers. The first part underlines the state of research in Romanian historical demography, the importance of reconstructing historical populations and the general features of the envisioned sources. The main part of the paper offers an overview of the preserved parish registers for the Country of Năsăud, analysing the actual range of possible population reconstruction for each ethnicity and denomination. The region under study had an overwhelming Romanian population (over 90%), although Germans (Saxons), Jews and a handful of Hungarians were also present. This particular feature, combined with the fact that, being a border regiment area, most of the Romanians were Greek-Catholics, makes the reconstruction attempts easier. Problems are raised by two aspects. The first one concerns the Romanian Orthodox and the Hungarian Calvinist minorities scattered in very small communities all over the region, for which the parish registers are badly preserved or, sometimes, completely missing. The second aspect concerns more compact communities, like German (Catholics and Lutherans) and Jews, for which parish registers are preserved, but only for a few decades, allowing the reconstruction of only one generation. Beside these two problems, the time and resources-consuming character of the population reconstruction activities is also highlighted, and the conclusions point out not only the theoretical reconstruction possibilities, but also the necessity of involving local historians into this task, in order to ease and fasten the data entry operations from the archive documents into the database hosted by the Centre for Population Studies at "Babeş-Bolyai" University Cluj-Napoca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 19th century witnessed an important shift in the relationship between book illustrations and literature: the literal approach of Romantics, which subordinated images to the literary text was replaced by the interpretative and metaphorical paradigm of the Symbolists. By the end of the century, painters refused the traditional servile attitude towards text, demanding a real autonomy of their creations. Instead of “illustration”, artists such as Odilon Redon preferred words like “transmission” and “interpretation”, whilst art critic André Mellerio coined the terms “concordance” and “correlative parallelism” to describe the relationship between the two arts. This paper aims to identify the traces of this debate in two rather different projects: Urien’s Voyage, by André Gide, decorated by Maurice Denis, and The Virgins, a text written by Georges Rodenbach and meant to accompany 4 lithographs created by József Rippl-Rónai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim at examining precisely what some of the Romanian journalists, from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, were writing about cursing, as it was understood at that moment, and about those men prone to cursing. In order to conduct this research, many press articles have been read, most of them published in journals such as România liberă, Gazeta Transilvaniei, Adevărul, Țara noastră, Unireapoporului etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My paper aims to present how the Romanian romance novel written between late 19th century and the Second World War fictionalized some of the gender codes active in that particular timeframe in social and familial contexts. A very popular subgenre amid the unprofessional readers, romance fiction rises a new kind of responsibility for literary critics and historians, that traditionally gave little to no attention to the matter of toxic gender codes found in these novels. This article attempts to analyse, by means of both close and distant reading tools, a few narrative aspects that encoded gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's Romanian press is a relatively young press. The appearance and evolution of newspapers / magazines, their specialization, depended on the steadfastness of social life, the wealth of the population and the individual freedoms of the people. These premises were not fulfilled in the nineteenth century, because of which the literary press suffered. This paper presents two prestigious literary magazines from the 19th century, without making a value judgment. There is a description of the contents of the publications, their biographical side, the composition of the collaborators, the influences received and those exercised, the editorial changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Judges Forum Review / Revista Forumul Judecătorilor is the property of Editura Universitara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Historia Artium is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the history of mankind, since antiquity, everything corrupts and degenerates, the biological degeneration of man being only one aspect of general decadence. The subject of degeneration has been adapted during the course of history to all tastes and visions. Thus, the idea of degeneration was take up again in the nineteenth century of course through a specific formula marked by scientific progress and cultural evolution. Concerning the Romanian space, even if the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century represented a cheerful period, from the perspective of some professional categories, the future (seen through the prism of a possible biological degeneration) seemed to be catastrophic and even apocalyptic. This paper illustrates the urgent concern of the elite to catch up with the West, but it will mainly focus on the postulate of degeneration, regeneration of the "Romanian element" in relation to religion and, last but not least, on the theme of the decline that was inserted in the updating of the cyclical scheme of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the end of the 19th century, in a socio-political context in which biopolitical concerns of the state are combined with an interest for children, school meals become a topic of debate between various professional groups (doctors, teachers). Assimilated by the state in the process of governance, these professionals define a food model (the amount of food and the types of products recommended for children), invested with various social and cultural meanings. This paper discusses food practices in urban schools, based on a socio-cultural model disseminated through school. The topic of food will also be analysed taking into account the intersection with the school space model developed at the end of 19th century, following to what extent this model includes spaces especially designed for food preparation and serving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I examine the discourse on banditry (haiducie) articulated by the romantic elite of 19th century Romania. By relying on the various literary productions of the era, from short stories to memoirs and travel literature, I posit that the image of the noble bandit is rather manufactured by the elite to fit their political agenda, if not actually imported from ready-made west-European bandit models. The reason behind the cosmetic treatment of robbers and highwaymen that the Romanian elites perform in their writings, is the same as that of their western counterparts: noble bandits are easily integrated in the emerging nation-state narrative of the era and are useful as precursors of the political claims of the elite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the research on the cosmogonic elements founded in Panait Cerna's opera. Even though Panait Cerna's lyrics are under the influence of romanticism, symbolism, or scholasticism, yet his poetic universe presents itself in a well articulated and original form in the literature of the late 19th century of the beginning of the 20th century. Under the influence of the aesthetics and the thought of time, the Dobrogean poet seeks in his texts to rediscover the contrary principles that underlie the universe. In this context, Cerna builds his cosmogonic imagination on antinomic binary systems of oppositions: light-dark, heaven-earth, death-life, love-pain. The repetition of the light-dark pair amplifies the symbolic significance of the first term as the expansion of the self by revelation. Hence the originality of the construction, especially since Panait Cerna proclaims with all its might the confidence in the victory of light over darkness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between Documentaries and Opinion. Foreign Writers in the XIXth Century Press. The paper demonstrates how major writers of the 19th century (such as Balzac. Hugo, D'Aurevilly, Lamennais, Sue, Flaubert, and Zola) document and use press in order to disseminate various personal ideas, regardless to democratic, social or religious matters. In many of these cases short time newspapers and magazines are issued just in order to sustain pending personal or collective battles, so the militant tone of these publications and the wish to please the public put behind, in many cases, factual details and objective documentation. In some cases (Balzac's, with the Peytel trial, or Zola's with the Dreyfus affair) the implication is focused onto political confrontations, with various outcomes. The ultimate goal of the paper is to demonstrate how everyday, sometimes senzationalist political and social details previously outlined in press confrontations go into the texture of some great novels of the 19th century, which, by their length and plot, provide their authors the chance to develop earlier press releases into more elaborate, realist structures or to expand them towards fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hiperboreea is the property of Balkan History Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The activity and athletic performance of the tennis player Lenke Ziszovits-Popper, who along with Nini Golescu Klara Somogyi-Hensch and Magda (Bereczky) Berescu-Rurac, was one of the representative athletes of this sport in the interwar period is the subject of our study. This paper contributes to a better knowledge of the history of tennis in Oradea between the two world wars. Through its content, the paper is interesting to those studying sports in Oradea, in that period, and especially to those who are interested in the evolution of women's tennis in Oradea and useful for those investigating the contribution of Jewish athletes to sportive development in our city. In the process of documentation we studied monographs, press sports columns dating from 1895 to 1944, documents relating to the theme, which are part of private collections and also rich iconographic material. In the first part, the paper deals with the evolution of tennis in Oradea beginning with the late nineteenth century and up to the '30s, presenting the context in which the sport was developing, the material aspects, the main competitions organized, the most important results obtained. Afterwards the first years of activity of the player Lenke Ziszovits-Popper are presented, her national results and her participation in a series of international competitions in Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, France, Germany, Greece, Romania, Turkey and Hungary. The ending refers to restricting measures imposed by the authorities and by the sport movement in Romania against athletes who belonged to a minority; and also to the enforcement of the Jewish law by the Hungarian Government as a result of the annexation of Northern Transylvania, measures which affected her sporting career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides significant insights into the relative politicization of the Simonist model of religious liberty in modern Europe. Furthermore, the present paper takes initiative in the wish to contribute to understanding the spirituality characterizing this period and this territory. In the preliminary stage, the purpose of the paper is to offer to those who study the problem of institutional relations between Church and State in Europe the possibility to come back to the nineteenth century, suggesting as working hypothesis a new interpretation: analyzing the religious liberty and the regime of cults starting from the political and legal context of the period and the philosophical teachings of Saint-Simon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the passing away of one of the most important representatives of the last generation of Byzantine scholars, Dionisie Fotino (1777-1821). In the permanent exhibition of the Special Collections Department of the Argeș County Library there are two works belonging to Dionisie Fotino. The first is a 203-year-old code of laws; printed on watermark paper, in Romanian with Cyrillic characters, the book is bound in green leather, printed with double border and gilded floral motifs. The special attraction brought to attention is the illustration on the back of the title page that shows the coat of arms of Wallachia (9 x 9 cm), surrounded by the coats of arms of the counties, but also the accompanying note. The second work "The general history of Dacia and Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldova", in three volumes, presents, in a concentrated way, the history of these lands from the founding of Dacia to the beginning of the 19th century. The value of this work lies in the illustration on the cover page, which shows the Russian bicephalous eagle holding the two coats of arms: the coat of arms of Wallachia and the coat of arms of Moldova, all protected by divine power, as well as the ex-libris - stamp of the Phanariot prince Ioan Constantin Caradja, written in black ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper tries to recover one of the Romanian writers who lived in the late 19th century: Victor Vlad Delamarina, born in Banat and known as a "dialectal poet". The first part of this study tries to rebuild the dramatic atmosphere in Banat: many of Victor Vlad's relatives were interested in Romanians' civil and political rights and chose to be an important part of people's emancipation (from both cultural and political points of view). Even if Victor Vlad Delamarina died at 26, his short life reflects the way in which a complex political and cultural background could influence an individual evolution. Some biographical aspects may draw the reader's attention: for instance, his expulsion from school because he opposed to the Hungarian politics. The political, cultural and individual reasons of this conflict and its devastating effects are investigated as well. The second part of the text focuses on Delamarina's prose, which is almost unknown. The travelling sketches and autobiographical literature revealed their originality and characteristic features. No self illusion can be identified in his texts, when he deals with the political context of that time. After he had settled in Romania, he continued to be a defender of Romanian's civil and political rights in Banat, but he was aware of the organic evolution in Romanian society. Living in a century dedicated to national rights, when these struggles often turned to irrational movements, Victor Vlad Delamarina was able to speak French, German, Hungarian, Italian and English. He used to draw, to read and translate from different languages into Romanian, always aware of the authentic value the European culture had. Always analitical, Victor Vlad Delamarina tirelessly tried to go beyond his limits: political limits (in his native Imperial Banat), familiar limits (illustrated in the chilly relation with his father), military limits (reflected in the illogical military commands), cultural limits (depicted in his multilingualism), spatial limits (visible in his quest for travelling by sea) and art limits (deciphered in his attraction to letters and paintings). Therefore, Victor Vlad Delamarina is an author that should be rediscovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Danubius is the property of Danubius and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present research we have analyzed the place that Transylvania magazine had in between the Romanian magazines, starting from the appreciations of the researchers that had studied varied aspects concerning de Association's periodical. We have not left out the papers of those who have dealt with the analysis of the Romanian press' history. Nevertheless, we have relied on our own research made during the doctoral programme, where we studied the evolution of Transylvania magazine between 1868-1919, a time frame that we have included in our present study. Another problem that we have wanted to highlight is the one linked to the editorial aspect of the magazine. And in this analysis we started from the information supplied by the specific historiography, which we classified according to our own results. Our approach did not stop over every editor between 1868-1919, as a matter of fact we did not even want to do this, to emphasize the general characteristic of the magazine and not the one that stood out in a certain period of time is our goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper refers to the relationships of our great writer with those who were his contemporaries. First, we can talk about his friendship with Mihai Eminescu, who was his most precious help in his writing activity. Moments of their friendship are revealed now for the first time and give the reader new and important information about the times when the two famous writers were students in Viena or when they were contributing to "Timpul"-"The Times"newspaper. The relationships with Titu Maiorescu are also revealed. This one was his mentor and his support. Slavici will have a conservative attitude under Titu Maiorescu's influence. We also refer to the tensionate relations between the great writer and Nicolae Iorga or Octavian Goga and to Ion Pas or Barbu Solacolu's impressions upon Slavici, concerning his physical appearance as well as his morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]