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Following the general problematics of reformulating the concepts of “discourse” and “narrative” and treating cinematic products as textual objects, with incursions into the 21st century cinema as a realist-expositional medium of the social problems of the Other, the present paper aims, by contextualizing the film Aferim! (2015) by Radu Jude, to analyze the relationship between language, language and race, racialization, and representation. In short, it aims to analyze the position of linguistic racism in the admitted “realistic” and artistic presentation of the process of marginalization. Such academic analyses have become present internationally, especially with the development of the linguistic dimension of postcolonial studies and the emergence and expansion of the concept of political correctness and/or cultural sensitivity in the contemporary socio-cultural discourse, especially in direct relation to language, language, and visual media of artistic transposition. We must be remembered, however, that Roma people occupy a marginal place even in postcolonial analysis of otherness. In the Romanian space, with a strong intertextual character, Aferim! occupies a privileged place precisely because of the primacy given to the theme: the Roma slavery in the 19th century Wallachia, during the year 1853, which is a key-year, considering that the formal abolition of slavery took place only three years later, in 1856, in Wallachia. Intentionally subversive, Jude takes the historical form of the popular films from the communist period and turns it against itself, while also adding the American-inspired aesthetic of Westerns. The multiplicity of perspectives is present, but the „intimacy” belongs to the white, oppressive characters, putting the viewer in an uncomfortable position that belongs to them historically. Following the results of the quantitative study of the present work, where the most often used word is „cocoane” [lord] in all its declined versions, Aferim! is thus a film about power dynamics, a dynamic in which the Roma are the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Phanariote Century", the period between 1711 / 1716-1821, in which the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia were ruled by ethnic Greeks, loyal subjects of the sultan, from the rich Phanar district of Istanbul, was considered a period of decline characterized by the degradation of social life, by the accentuated impoverishment of a predominantly rural population, by the prosperity of the nobility, by the exacerbation of taxation and, last but not least, by the increase of corruption at all institutional levels in the two principalities. This paper is an analysis, based on documentary sources and historiographical studies, of the mechanisms of operation of local and central state institutions to determine the extent to which the facts we associate today with acts of corruption have significantly influenced, in a negative way, the Romanian society of that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the passing away of one of the most important representatives of the last generation of Byzantine scholars, Dionisie Fotino (1777-1821). In the permanent exhibition of the Special Collections Department of the Argeș County Library there are two works belonging to Dionisie Fotino. The first is a 203-year-old code of laws; printed on watermark paper, in Romanian with Cyrillic characters, the book is bound in green leather, printed with double border and gilded floral motifs. The special attraction brought to attention is the illustration on the back of the title page that shows the coat of arms of Wallachia (9 x 9 cm), surrounded by the coats of arms of the counties, but also the accompanying note. The second work "The general history of Dacia and Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldova", in three volumes, presents, in a concentrated way, the history of these lands from the founding of Dacia to the beginning of the 19th century. The value of this work lies in the illustration on the cover page, which shows the Russian bicephalous eagle holding the two coats of arms: the coat of arms of Wallachia and the coat of arms of Moldova, all protected by divine power, as well as the ex-libris - stamp of the Phanariot prince Ioan Constantin Caradja, written in black ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to bring to mind the personality of Antim Ivireanul and his involvement in the development of the Romanian culture. Its activity within the Church is evoked, as abbot of the Snagov Monastery, as bishop of Râmnic and as founder of churches: building of All Saints Monastery in Bucharest (1713-1715), later called the Antim Monastery for which he established a set of rules for proper functioning, the Antim Monastery Establishment representing the oldest regulation for organization and functioning of a holy place. Within the monastery, there was a school where children were taught for four years Romanian and Slavonic, two printers - Romanian and Greek and a library, the first public library in Wallachia for which Antim establishes loan rules. Also, throughout his life, Antim Ivireanul has printed 63 books, of which 21 in Romanian, four being written by him. In all his writings, Antim preaches the introduction of the Romanian language in the church by printing religious service books in Romanian and contributing to the creation of a Romanian liturgical language that continues to this day. His most important work, Didahiile, is a collection of sermons held on important holidays and Sundays over the year, written in a beautiful and cursive Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]