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"The Phanariote Century", the period between 1711 / 1716-1821, in which the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia were ruled by ethnic Greeks, loyal subjects of the sultan, from the rich Phanar district of Istanbul, was considered a period of decline characterized by the degradation of social life, by the accentuated impoverishment of a predominantly rural population, by the prosperity of the nobility, by the exacerbation of taxation and, last but not least, by the increase of corruption at all institutional levels in the two principalities. This paper is an analysis, based on documentary sources and historiographical studies, of the mechanisms of operation of local and central state institutions to determine the extent to which the facts we associate today with acts of corruption have significantly influenced, in a negative way, the Romanian society of that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our opinion, the last two years since the debut of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world have already left an important legacy: the urge of re-thinking the Modern suppositions regarding freedom, welfare, progress, and happiness. However, this imperative involves not only the reality of these principles, but also a side-effect of the newly-shaped pandemic world: i.e. the regression of social life from the standards of "good life" to the level of survival; the increasingly thinner line between the human being and the automaton; the giving up of creativity in favour of complying with the new social standards and formal-mechanic imitation. Our paper emphasizes some attempts made by various authors whose research works tried to sketch solutions to these problems, before and after the pandemic (Drăgănescu, Gonseth, Han, Galparsoro et alia). We believe that, unlike the traditional and Modern society, where the value of sacrifice for a collective purpose was assumed by the community/society itself, the supreme value of this new kind of utopia in the contemporary society consists of the sacrifice imposed top-bottom by the authorities, regardless of other social conditions. It is a sacrifice based on simple collective trust on the official emergency regulations, which promises some individual good-feeling in return for the good-will of the person to accept being protected by the inoculation of the serum. Would this status quo function during the next possible future pandemics? It is an open question, depending on many factors, as, for instance, the willingness of communities and nations to comply with future unpredictable and not always transparent regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world of towns was a complex one in the late Middle Ages, as it housed people of very different backgrounds and interests. The bulk of the urban society consisted of townspeople, free people with predominantly commercial occupations, but also craftsmen, in addition to which we find representatives of other categories of late medieval - early modern society, from boyars to members of the clergy (including monastic) or slaves (robi). The larger the town, the more diverse its population. In this paper we turn our attention to a special category of townspeople from the towns of the Romanian Principalities, the craftsmen. There was no special official category of craftsmen in urban society. Often, they cannot even be differentiated from merchants, given that many of those who produced something and sold the results of their work in shops. However, we notice a concentration of craftsmen depending on the profession, with traces in the local toponymy. This is a feature of the big towns, Iai and Bucharest, together with the former princely residence towns of Suceava and Târgovite. In other important urban centers (Craiova, Ploieti, Galai, Focani, Bârlad, Roman, Botoani) such specializations are observed later, especially after 1700. The reunion of several craftsmen with the same trade is noticeable in Târgul Vechi (the oldest part of the town), while in the valleys of the nearby rivers we find the craftsmen with "impure" trades, butchers, soap makers or tanners. The rest of the towns show much less evidence of this aspect, and where it appears they are a specific found rather after 1800. This is explained by the gradual penetration of the elements of modernization of towns in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In addition to the new rules of urbanism that were introduced at this time, we are witnessing the first forms of industrial organization which, although still modest, have allowed the transition from collective organization and guild to individual business based on capital and factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the aesthetic canon as a cultural construct or process that involves the whole cultural field, the concept is revisited nowadays in the spirit of World Literature theories. In this sense, there could be seen a rehabilitation of noncanonical genres or the circulation of values in the transnational space in order to cartography the (inter)national canon(s). The aim of this paper is to analyse a specific scene from the well-known Lewis Carroll novel Alice in Wonderland (translated into Romanian) from this premises: the instable place in the frames of noncanonical genres or categories and the relationships between literary prizes and the mechanism of canonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, a small Akathistos book was presented to me in Paris, printed in Arabic, with Arabic type, with no title page. The owner, a Western antiquary, had no information on the date and place of its printing. Having surveyed the volume for one hour and, later, having at my disposal a few photographed pages, I drew some conclusions from my initial research of this unique book. They led to some potential answers to the many questions connected to its origin and open new paths for the research of the unsolved mysteries that surround it. The book illustration, most of all, offers some clues on the place of printing and the persons who could have been involved in this endeavor. All these elements suggest a direct connection with a press of the Romanian lands, either the one at the Three Hierarchs Monastery in Jassy, or the emerging press at the Monastery of Saint Spyridon in Bucharest. To properly understand the historical background of Arabic printing in the East, several relevant figures and their printing achievements are briefly discussed: Antim the Iberian, Athanasios Dabbās, and Patriarch Sylvester of Antioch. This paper presents the information collected so far in connection with this Arabic Akathistos, and the unknown elements that the on-going research will survey as part of the tasks within the TYPARABIC project that I am coordinating at the Institute for South-East European Studies of the Romanian Academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artistic testament and opus magnum of the visionary genius Isaac Leib Peretz (1852– 1915), the Yiddish dramatic masterpiece A Night in the Old Marketplace (“Bay nakht afn altn mark”, 1907, Warsaw) subtly inserts a praiseworthy innovation in the polychrome fabric of European culture: Mitzvah Tantz Makaber or the Danse Macabre of the Commandment. Reinvented as the secondary hypostasis of the Hasidic Danse Macabre, it symbolises a joyfully animated interval of symbiotic sequences (Life–Death–Wisdom). Despite its lugubrious atmosphere, this ephemeral interstice of reviviscency opportunely enlivens the story cleverly constructed by the author. Lauded as the ‘Polish Pan’ of Yiddish literature, Peretz ingeniously interweaves hilarious dialogue, grotesque details, and traditional Jewish spirituality to convey a nuanced message, the final composition ostensibly outlining an elaborate interplay of ludic allegory and profound wisdom. Opting for a holistic approach, my analysis will cover the following essential coordinates: the emergence of the sinister Danse Macabre in the European cultural climate (a medieval allegory preceded by the poematic monologue Vado Mori and The Tale of the Three Living and the Three Dead), superseded by its gradual enrooting into a Jewish context (via the composite cultural medium of ecstatic dance, the archetypal ensemble of the Trickster, and the medieval Speculum tradition), being ultimately reinvented as the Mitzvah Tantz Makaber by the visionary Peretz (his eminently Jewish choreography employs traditional Ashkenazi motifs and extolls Hasidic values). The actual examination of the Danse Macabre of the Commandment, reimagined as the main subcategory of the Hasidic Danse Macabre, will focus on a set of three fundamental phases: the unique way in which Peretz textually illustrates this innovation, the symbolism behind its literary form, and the powerful message conveyed by the parable. In current international academia, the Mitzvah Tantz Makaber allegory needs proper identification and examination. Further lacking an autochthonous translation, the Peretzian dramaturgy remains virtually unknown to the public in Romania. Performed exclusively in Yiddish, the superlative play A Night in the Old Marketplace underwent only two productions on the Bucharest theatre stage (in 1930 and 1970). Consequently, the present paper endeavours to remedy a noteworthy hiatus by examining the outstanding literary innovation of the Danse Macabre of the Commandment as an auxiliary hypostasis of the Hasidic Danse Macabre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper is to come to terms with the poetry written by a young Romanian writer, Olga Ştefan, who published her books in the 2000's - a period of astounding outburst of creativity in the field of poetry. It follows a fourfold outline: the recourse to associative poetics and multiple focalizations, the relation between body, concept and writing, the use of baroque techniques, especially geared towards mixing voices and plenteous figures, the insulation not only as a stronghold of recalibrated human beings, but also as a stimulus for polyphonic poetry writing. Undertaken in the light of resistance and metamorphosis, her poems do not celebrate the weirdness of imaginary, but a sparing alternative to the decentrede mental horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biblioteca copiilor şi a tinerimei from the period of the Great Union is a historiographical research on the promotion of this weekly magazine in the press of the time, which can give us an understanding, from a cultural perspective, of some aspects of the past, starting from a series of documents. The paper also presents a documentary study by approaching from a librarianship perspective of the advertising for the "biblioteca copiilor şi a tinerimei" magazine, as a bibliographic unit, in the newspapers gazeta bucureştilor (1918) and adevărul (1919, 1920, 1921), two of the most popular newspapers among the population. In the reference year 1918, crucial in the accomplishment of the Great Union, adevărul was suspended by the German occupation command and in compensation was chosen the daily gazeta bucureştilor, opposed as ideology and political support. The object (the newspaper) and the subject of the research (the magazine) are bibliographic units that are preserved in archives and libraries, consisting in cultural goods with an important role in the national history and not only. The study of advertising for biblioteca copiilor şi a tinerimei magazine, in the press from the Great Union period, comes to confirm or invalidate the role that the magazine has in popularization of culture among the masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the manifesting of Romania’s independence from Moscow in 1968, based on diplomatic documents from the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belgium. Romania’s dialogue with Moscow, Prague, Belgrade and Paris are presented in this article. The article proves that beyond the political regime, the national interest of Romania was permanent and it has manifested itself when it had this chance. It was an act of courage, openness and prestige. It was a risky move, but Romania managed to avoid a Soviet invasion. Internally, however, the Bucharest regime did not embark on the path of reforms, but of neo-Stalinism, the cult of personality and communist ideological correctness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Second World War and with the establishment of the communist regime, many Romanians, dissatisfied with the new regime, tried to leave the country. The fugitives most frequently chose the road or rail route, but there were also attempts to swim across the Danub or to cross the Black Sea with inflatable boats, and the bravest tried to hijack planes. Most of the fugitives paid with their lives or ended up in the dungeons of the Security and were imprisoned for decades. In the summer of 1971, seven young people from Târgu Mureș planned, in turn, to leave the country by hijacking a Tarom plane. The present paper aims to present their story from the communist Securitate archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the research made in Transylvania referring the history of peregrinatio academica during the Communist regime, fhocusing on the most important work published about this topic: the book of Sándor Tonk, entitled “University attendance of Transylvanians in the Middle Ages”, published in 1979 in Hungarian language. I will discuss the sources, the primarly and secondarly literature, and the methodology used, and the critical reception of this book, as well the continuation of the Transylvanians’ investigations concerning the history peregrinatio academica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to illustrate a difficult period in the history of the Romanian Church United with Rome, namely: the evolution of the Greek Catholic Diocese of Cluj-Gherla in the first two months after the split of Transylvania, as a result of the Vienna Diktat. The purpose of this article is to highlight the consequences that the entry of NorthWest Transylvania into Hungary had on the Greek Catholic Diocese of ClujGherla; what changes the new administration brings to the United Church. After highlighting the general framework (status, economic situation, the attempt to subordinate the greek-catholic dioceses to the Archdiocese of Esztergom, as well as the pressure on the Greek Catholic believers to change their denomination), the activity of bishop Iuliu Hossu is also presented. Emphasis will be placed on the bishop’s efforts and attempts to stop the abuses of the new authority on the Romanian population, his attempts to mediate conflicts between Romanian and Hungarian leaders, and last but not least the efforts made to manage the administration of the Greek Catholic Diocese in the new political context. The article also presents the situation of educational institutions under the auspices of the United Diocese of Cluj-Gherla, and the difficulties they face as a result of changes in the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper seeks to analyze the communication strategy of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on the Twitter network from February to October 2022. The research will focus on analyzing the tweets, the topics of discussion, the engagement rate, the types of media used, and the user interaction on the network. Additionally, the study will also review existing literature on the communication strategies of NATO on social media networks. The results of the analysis will provide insight into the effectiveness of the communication strategy of NAsTO on the Twitter network and will help to inform future strategies. The findings of this research will be useful to gain a better understanding of how NATO uses Twitter to communicate with its members and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to analyse the concept of fiduciary property as seen through the lens of the current Civil Code of Romania. To this purpose, four key questions ought to be answered. First, what is a fiduciary patrimony? Second, who owns the property held in fiducia? Third, what are the prerogatives of the fiduciary owner? Fourth, what are the legal characters of the fiduciary property? Although the fiduciary patrimony is a patrimonial mass distinct from the personal patrimony of the fiduciary, the ownership of the fiduciary property belongs to the latter. Moreover, the author argues that the fiduciary property is an atypical form of conditional property, in that it is aided by a conventional limitation in the exercise of private property, not dissimilar to an inalienability clause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New media has revolutionized the way that organizations communicate with their stakeholders. The traditional models of communication, such as mass communication, word of mouth, and direct mail, are no longer enough to reach today's audiences. In order to be successful in this new media environment, organizations must adapt their communication models and strategies to take advantage of the opportunities that new media provides. This paper will explore the various models and strategies that organizations can use to effectively communicate in the new media environment. The first step in adapting communication models to new media is to understand the various ways that people consume and interact with digital content. There are three main models for communicating with an audience online: broadcast, engagement, and relationships. Broadcast communication is a one-way communication model that is used to reach a large audience with a single message. This model is typically used when an organization has limited resources or time and needs to quickly disseminate information to a large group of people. Engagement communication is a two-way communication model that encourages people to interact with content by providing feedback, comments, and opinions. This model is best used when an organization wants to build relationships with its audience and create a dialogue. Finally, relationship communication is an ongoing communication model that focuses on building long-term relationships with stakeholders by providing timely, relevant, and personalized content. This model is best used when an organization wants to establish loyalty and trust with its target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of mass media and institutional communication in public administration decision-making processes is complex and far-reaching. These two types of communication can serve to shape public policy, impact public opinion and inform public officials in decision-making. Mass media can be used to communicate ideas, inform the public and mobilize public opinion to influence decision-making. It can also be used as a tool for transparency, accountability and oversight of public decision-making. Institutional communication, such as internal memos, policy documents and research papers, can provide decision-makers with critical information to inform and guide their decision-making. Together, these two types of communication can act as a guide for public administration decision-making and help ensure that the public's wishes and interests are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the contract are the legal consequences that come into being between the contracting parties on the one hand, and in relation to third parties on the other hand. In other words, the effects of a contract are the obligations that said contract generates for the contracting parties. In the case of a sales contract, the contracting parties that perform certain obligations are the seller and the buyer. In the present paper I seek to offer a brief account of the obligations assumed by the seller through their valid entering into a contract of sale. The seller has three main obligations (to transfer the property, to hand over the sold good, and the warranties against eviction and hidden defects, respectively) which I shall approach throughout this study. At the same time, in order to comprehend the complexity of these effects, I opted to present the broader concept of a sales contract, thus analysing the definition and legal characters of said contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the concept of expropriation for reasons of public utility, a notion that creates a connection between three large branches of law, namely constitutional law, by guaranteeing respect for the right to private property and consecrating the limits brought, administrative law, by regulating a way of acquisition of public property, together with the effective procedure, and civil law, by restricting the exercise of the right of private property and widening the scope of the public domain. Thus, the paper will be divided into 3 parts. The first part focuses on the current normative framework, the second part covers the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Constitutional Court of Romania and the ordinary courts, and the last part presents some benchmarks of comparative law, by commenting some constitutional provisions of the European states, in order to observe the vision of the European constitutional legislator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For one of the specific and significant features of the style of current scientific knowledge is the integration of the historical perspective in the actual scientific construction, due to the fact that the deep methodological and conceptual changes that affect the general frameworks, assumptions and structures require to put to work the entire history of science in order to determine its possible directions of future development, my paper is an attempt to set forth a brief account on French historical epistemology, mainly on Bachelard’s work and his influence on Foucault. Therefore, I will focus on his reflections on the relationship between consciousness and reality, rational knowledge and affective knowledge, on the significance of the “epistemological obstacles”, on the sources of errors in the process of knowledge, on how to purify the process of knowledge in order to ensure scientific certainty, with a particular emphasis on his “psychoanalysis of scientific knowledge”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although separated by centuries, Hegel and Kuhn support the same ideas concerning worldview change. Both consider such changes real „revolutions”. Through them, the human spirit (in Hegel) and science (in Kuhn) replace their old fundamental concepts with new ones. The paper also highlights the necessary relationship of the Kuhnian paradigm shift with the cultural background of the epoch in which such a shift occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I have argued that although a multitude of answers have been formulated that are intended to end once and for all the nature versus nurture controversy, many scholars observed the ‘open’ nature of the issue, that is, the fact that the debate does not, in fact, close and is periodically reignited, at different degrees of intensity. Following the historical development of the ‘nativist-nurturist’ controversy, I have identified a possible cause of this situation: although there is no major theorist who does not admit that neither the idea of nature nor that of nurture can function in isolation as an explanatory principle, but only an understanding of the two principles in their interdependence can help us build on their basis a consistent philosophical anthropology, yet a large part of the participants in the debate adopt a reductionist position and believe one of the two factors to be dominant, attempting to build an explanatory model that reduces to the minimum the influence of the other, seen as considered secondary, recessive, or even eliminate it completely. Then I reviewed the contemporary dispute between ‘nativists’ and ‘nurturists’ using James Tabery’s methodological distinction between the ‘variation-partitioning approach’ and the ‘mechanism-elucidation approach’. The conclusion is that the nature-nurture controversy has no chance of ending in the near future because the two methodological approaches are mutually exclusive: their practitioners aim to investigate distinct entities and phenomena, look for different correlations and causality relations, propose different explanatory mechanisms, and use distinct methods to highlight these mechanisms and provide an explanation for the investigated phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I focus on a different perspective on Blaga’s epistemology and its particular relationship with his metaphysics of knowledge (part 1); in order to achieve that I will put together the elements of a reconstruction of Blaga’s conception on the possibility, the structure and the dynamics of science understood as an extraordinary anticipation of the historical trend in contemporary philosophy of science inaugurated by Th. Kuhn (part 2), on the one hand; from the methodological perspective on science, especially that in the Experiment and the mathematical spirit, I propose a new reading and analysis of the concept of „stylistic matrix”, where the „supermethod” will play a central role, on the other hand (part 3). This interpretation aims at highlighting new dimensions of Blaga’s reflections on science than those foreshadowing the historical trend in the philosophy of science inaugurated by Th. Kuhn that may advocate for an interpretation of his epistemology beyond the mere label of historical „relativism”, (that Kuhn himself was accused of after the first edition of his Structure of scientific revolutions). In this respect, I try to show how Blaga’s programme in the philosophy of science includes and exceeds the ideational core of some of his works, considered as foreshadowing the Structure...(1962), through a parallel with Kuhn’s standpoint from the answers to his critics, that also proposes overcoming the socalled relativism of the first edition of his work by reconfiguring its position, especially with respect to the concept of paradigm. At the end of my analysis I attempt to show a deep similarity in the epistemological standpoints of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Kuhn explicitly states that the paradigm-shift implies a change of the world. This is because the paradigm is seen as constitutive for nature itself. In this paper I will try to interpret this thesis by inscribing Kuhn's theory in the larger kantian theoretical framework. As the last chapter of the „Critique of pure reason” shows, Kant thought that reson is inherently historical and evolves through revolutions. This dynamical perspective on reason comes clearly to light especially in the „Appendix” to the „transcendental Dialectic”, where the Idea of reason is seen as an abstract theoretical framework that makes possible and guides the understanding. It will be shown that the kuhnian paradigm and the kantian transcendental Ideea function in similar ways. Both serve as an orientation for scientific research, they make rules possible, and constitute nature in a weak, indirect, way. The relation between Ideea and understanding in the first „Critique” parallels in many ways the kuhnian relation between paradigm and normal science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus is a challenge for global health systems and generates problems both in socio-economic and individual levels. Objectives: The aim of the study was the general presentation of viral pathogenesis, its transmissibility and maternal-fetal complications that occur following SARS-CoV2 virus infection that have been identified in the literature and its prevention. Results: This paper is a systematic review that includes a summary of the literature using the PubMed database with a selection of studies from January 2020 to July 2022. Many studies have reported a slightly increased severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women due to complications during pregnancy that resulted in miscarriages, premature births or preeclampsia. Conclusion: Therefore, further investigations are needed to elucidate how COVID-19 affects pregnant women and newborns as well as the long-term impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on women who have given birth, regardless of immunological status at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Water has many functions in the human body. Hydration is under homeostatic control, through mechanisms that modify the elimination pathways, stimulating the appearance of the sensation of thirst. Dehydration is not a medical condition, but it is a common cause of death. Dehydration occurs when a person loses enough fluid, so the body no longer has enough fluid to perform its normal functions. Objective: This paper aims to highlight the level of knowledge about the importance of hydration in maintaining health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using 175 subjects from Brasov (Romania), divided into two groups: sedentary group and athletes. The recruitment was thought for a determined period time in a prospective way. It was administered questionnaires regarding the problem of correct hydration (adapted from the Plant LIBRA-245199 project and Beverage intake questionnaire -BEVQ). Results: Based on the responses of the study participants, it was observed that water is the most consumed liquid by them. The participants of the two groups felt the need to consume more water during the study and physical effort. Volunteers felt sleepier during the day if they don't drink enough fluids. Conclusion: It was observed that proper hydration reduces fatigue and creates a feeling of wellbeing. Water is the most consumed liquid by volunteers in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the content of the cadre file of Henri H. Stahl preserved in the Archives of the University of Bucharest’s Rectorate. In the form in which it has been preserved after 1989, the personnel file of H.H. Stahl seems, from several points of view, atypical. If we compare it with the cadre files of the 1950s, it surprises by the apparent “goodwill” of the communist cadres towards H.H. Stahl. This ideological solicitude is manifested in the interpretation given to main cultural and political events in H.H. Stahl’s life. In other circumstances such political past could be labeled as unusable in a communist context. Equally curious and noteworthy is the issue of the ethnic origin attributed (and not necessarily real or assumed by the one described in the file), more precisely the issue of Stahl’s nationality ( Jewish) which was recorded in the file. Analyzing Stahl cadre file we can wonder if the integrity of this dossier has not been compromised by removing, extracting or modifying documents by the personel staff services or by someone else. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1934 and 1939, several hundred voluntary student teams went to Romanian villages to perform “cultural work,” i.e., to help and guide peasants to work more productively and to live healthier lives. In 1938, the Law of the Social Service was passed, stipulating that all university graduates, irrespective of gender and academic specialization, were required to take part in social intervention activities in villages to obtain their diplomas. In this paper, I argue that a new constellation of gender ideas, norms and expectations was drawn up in order to allow for enough room for young middle-class women to be part of student teams that were going to spend a couple of months away from their families and in the unknown settings of the rural areas. Therefore, I explore the discourses used in the main information and propaganda periodical published by the Social Service and I identify and illustrate some strategies and mechanisms employed in the production of the gender model needed for the social and national construction of the new and improved Romanian village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the book of Henri H. Stahl, The Technique of the Sociological Monograph (1934) and delineates the author’s main achievements within the fieldwork methodology from the point of view of Romanian ethnology and folklore studies. As an important member of the interwar sociological school of Bucharest led by D. Gusti, Stahl was thoroughly interested in developing a comprehensive research methodology ready to be applied by the new members of the large research teams of the monographic campaigns. His method includes the attention devoted to getting in touch with the life of the village and the peasants while building psychological trust and empathy between interviewer and interviewee; this complex protocol of accommodation proves to be one of the first and the most sympathetic strategy in the history of anthropological fieldwork. Another aspect of primary interest in Stahl’s methodology is the fact it is drafted simultaneously with the development of peasant studies and rural sociology in the U.S., and the challenges that western anthropology faces in having to adapt its methods to studying peasant societies. Though Stahl often opposes in his studies the sociological school and the Romanian folklore studies, his contribution to Romanian folklore research was undoubtedly acknowledged and appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper uses letters – some unpublished – from the mid-1940s and the second half of the 1970s exchanged by Mattei Dogan and Henri H. Stahl, to render the way sociological education was organized at the University of Bucharest immediately after the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the written and narrated memories of Henri H. Stahl who left behind two memorial works: Memories and Thoughts from the Old School of “Sociological Monographs”, published in 1981, and the collection of interviews from 1985-1987, which appeared in 2000, under the title Monography as Utopia. Although they were conceived only a few years apart, the two forms of memoirs show some significant differences. In the following study, I will present the specifics of each of them, in order to later propose a brief comparative analysis of the two texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I highlight mostly ignored aspects of the work of H. H. Stahl: his stance on the issue of “national specificity,” on village culture, and on the modernization of Romanian villages through “culturalization”. Reviewing some of his popularization and scientific texts from the 1930, but also his late contributions from the 1980, show a remarkable continuity and consistency of Stahl’s vision on these subjects. And it is not the kind of vision someone would expect from a socialist or Marxist social scientist. For Stahl, the village culture was the true (and unique) Romanian culture, a peasant culture that he was very fond of. In some respects, and, in fact, not so surprisingly, Stahl, what regards “national specificity” and village culture, is much closer to (the reactionary, traditionalist, autochthonous) Mircea Vulcănescu, his monographist fellow and personal friend, than any other leftist thinker in interwar Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hysterical functional manifestations and hysterical personalities present, as Cottraux (2003) puts it, "a continuous spectacle" that translates into excessive emotional responses and a constant attempt to attract attention. Some traits, such as reflection, self-control and systematization are poorly expressed while expressiveness and exhibitionism are prominent, with the world around them being perceived as a „chorus of admirers". In the WHO classification, ICD-10 states that dissociative disorders of movement and sensation can be diagnosed when motor and voluntary activity disorders and sensations that mimic a neurological disease occur. The paper presents „George", who is a 17-year-old teenager from a rural area, a 10th grade student at a Vocational School, who was admitted for the second time in 2 months to the Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic and Adolescent Cluj-Napoca for a symptomatology manifested by severe pain in the lower limbs, especially in the thighs, walking impossible, being brought urgently with Salvarea lying on a stretcher. All these symptoms appeared in the same context of the conflicts with the neighbors, the adolescent presenting anxiety (18 in the HADS test-over 11 being pathological). During hospitalization, suggestive military psychotherapy was performed during two sessions, after which the symptoms subsided. The onset of symptoms was 2 months before the time of this hospitalization, with gait disorders followed by the inability to walk due to conflicts between his family and a neighboring family. He was investigated neurologically without finding anything pathological and underwent various drug treatments (anxiolytics), but without palpable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over 5,000 years, various crops have used these herbal oils for a variety of health problems. The history of the use of essential oils has its roots in antiquity in countries such as Persia, India, Egypt, China. Essential oils are generally formed during the flowering period of plants and accumulate in flowers, fruits, leaves, roots or bark. The chemical composition of an essential oil obtained from a plant differs depending on the parts of the plant from which it was extracted. This paper lists information about Thuia shrubs which includes 5 species of trees, two of which are native to North America (Thuja occidentalis, Thuja plicata) and three from Western Asia (Thuja koraiensis, Thuja standishii, Thuja sutchuenensis). It presents taxonomy, chemical composition, pharmacological properties and notions about Thuja essential oils. The research part presents the identification of volatile compounds in thuja essential oil by GC-MS method and testing the antimicrobial effect of thuja essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance of scientific evidence has shown that many synthetic drugs can cause serious adverse effects in patients. Lately, the search for natural therapeutic agents with low adverse effects has attracted much attention. Considerable interest has been focused on edible and medicinal plants, which play an important role in human and animal diet and have been used for the treatment of diseases since ancient times. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (hawthorn) is one of the most important edible plants of the Rosaceae family and is used in traditional medicine. Increasing evidence has shown that this plant has various interesting physiological and pharmacological activities due to the presence of different bioactive natural compounds. Moreover, scientific evidence suggests that hail toxicity is negligible. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a review of the available scientific literature on pharmacological activities, as well as the botanical, phytochemical, and clinical impact of C. monogyna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we want to make a contrastive presentation, in French and in Romanian, upon the way the unstressed pronominal forms having the function of complement in the Dative are used in proverbs. We also want to emphasize the similarities and the differences between the two languages – when we speak about the morpho-syntactic and the semantic levels. Such differences and similarities occur especially when it comes to the possession relationship. Most part of our study is dedicated to presenting some special values of the unstressed pronominal forms in the possessive Dative – including the variant of the Dative with an attributive function and the ethical Dative. We have done this research in order to establish to what extent the use of such constructions varies. We shall also emphasize the specific constructions in Romanian where the Dative has a neutral value and the analytic Dative is thought as a prepositional group in the colloquial language. In order to illustrate this phenomenon in a better way, we relied our study on a corpus of proverbs and adages which were selected from specialized collections and electronic versions of some dictionairies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present some results of my research regarding the representation of holy women in the Moldavian churches during the reign of Stephen the Great. Most frequently, these images are found in the narthex of the church, a space of lesser spiritual intensity. A general explanation for the depiction of holy women in the narthex is related to the actual presence of women in this space during the mass and to their role in the funerary ritual and the commemoration of the dead which take place here. My study focuses on the cases of Saints Mary of Egypt and Marina the Great Martyr, the two most depicted saints in the Moldavian churches. Firstly, they have a specific way of representation, in a narrative scene. Saint Mary of Egypt is depicted as an ascetic figure together with Saint Zosimas from whom she receives the Holy Eucharist, while Saint Marina wears a red maphorion and is depicted hammering a demon. Secondly, they both have a well-defined place on the church walls, as a result of the hagiography, playing a symbolic role in the economy of space and in the iconographic program. Saint Mary of Egypt has a place in the passageway areas, in interaction with the architecture. Her representation offers an example of repentance for the believers, reassuring them of the mercifulness of God. Saint Marina is placed close to the entrances of the church, may they be doors or windows, for her role in protecting the sacred places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper sets out to explore Robert Browning’s dramatic monologue introducing Andrea del Sarto (1486-1531), a late fifteenth-century Florentine painter who was praised for his technical skills in painting but who lacked a spiritual dimension in his art, compared to the works of his contemporaries, Michelangelo Bunarroti (1475-1564) and Raphael (1483-1520). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks at the Romanian relationship between modernism and rural imagination in the Romanian 20th century debates. As in other cases of semi-peripheral or emergent literatures (the general framework builds on contributions from Frederic Jameson, Pascale Casanova and Wai Chee Dimock), the hegemonical pressure of the Eurochronology has put an embargo on rural prose, excluding it from the projects of modernist literature. The study asserts that far from being a collateral symptom of modernity, rural imaginary is essential for understanding its contradictory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyses the emergence of a novel field of interest in the philosophical aesthetics of the 1960s in Romania: the aesthetics of everyday life. As such, it first starts by drawing out an overview of the aesthetic discussions in 1950s Romania by closely reading several articles from the main philosophical journal of the period: Cercetări filozofice. In this regard, I focus on two main aspects, namely the theory of reflection, which was the guiding principle of Marxist-Leninist aesthetics, and the theory of the social function of art. Further on I will sketch out how these two aspects defined the main traits of the local aesthetics of everyday life, a topic which took the center fold of aesthetic interest for almost a decade, and which has ever since the early 2000s found renewed interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to address the news regarding immunization against COVID-19 almost a year after the start of vaccination campaigns. We have effective vaccines, but we use them suboptimally. Hesitant attitudes toward vaccination lower the rate of immunization. We aim to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about these vaccines, increasing the level of vaccines acceptance. On the other hand, studies provide data that allow specific recommendations for certain groups of people (children, immunocompromised patients etc.), which we will review. We will also comment on the effectiveness of vaccines against viral variants and discuss the importance of booster doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caracteristicile fibrelor determină posibilităţile de utilizare a speciilor lemnoase. Dimensiunile fibrelor influenţează obţinerea celulozei, durabilitatea şi proprietăţile fizico-mecanice. S-au investigat lungimea şi lăţimea fibrelor, lăţimea lumenului şi grosimea peretelui celular pentru şase specii lemnoase tropicale aparţinând a trei familii (Meliaceae, Sterculiaceae and Ulmaceae) pornind de la aşchii de 20x2x2mm din duramen, care au fost delignificate în acid acetic glacial 1:1 şi peroxid de hidrogen (la 60°C), spălate şi colorate. Lungimea fibrelor a variat de la 0.79mm pentru Holoptelea grandis (Ulmaceae) la 1.88mm pentru Khaya ivorensis (Meliaceae), similar cu media de 2mm pentru fibrele speciilor de foioase tropicale şi lungimea specifică fibrelor pentru celuloză (0.65-1.2mm). Speciile din familia Meliaceae au avut o lungime a fibrelor moderată (1.61mm), cele din familia Ulmaceae o lungime medie (1.19mm), iar cele din familia Sterculiaceae de 1.59mm. Specia Cedrella odorata (Meliaceae) a avut fibre late (36.5µm) cu lumen de 27.6µm, Celtis milbraedii (Ulmaceae) a avut fibre înguste (17.49µm) cu lumen de (8.97µm), toate variind în intervalul specific fibrelor pentru celuloză (9-40µm). Peretele celular al fibrelor a variat de la 3.31µm (pentru H. grandis) la 5.49µm (pentru Pterygota macrocarpa, Sterculiaceae) adică in intervalul specific fibrelor pentru celuloză (2.90-5.15µm). Grosimea peretelui celular pentru Meliaceae şi Sterculiaceae a fost gros (> 4µm) şi mediu (2-4µm) pentru Ulmaceae. Raportul Runkel de la 2.65 (pentru C. odorata) la 3.9 (pentru C. milbraedii) este mai mare decât cel specific fibrelor pentru celuloză (1.25). Coeficientul de flexibilitate (între 75-50) şi dimensiunile fibrelor pentru lemnul speciilor din cele trei familii indică faptul că speciile sunt potrivite pentru fabricarea celulozei. S-a preconizat ca industria construcţiilor să exploateze caracteristicile fibrelor de lemn pentru aplicaţii în structuri şi pentru produse pe bază de fibre de lemn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows the impact of the InSitu measurements on the fitting of a hearing aid. The InSitu audiogram is obtained by using the hearing aid as you would use an audiometer in order to obtain results that are not influenced by the volume or shape of the ear canal. Using this procedure, we can avoid having an over or under amplified fitting for the patient’s real needs. If we have differences between the two audiograms, then we will also have a similar increase in gain following am­ plification. At differences of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dB, we will obtain a positive of negative growth by 12%, 24%, 36% and 48% in gain. Any variation of the gain other the one needed by the patient will automatically generate a drop in intelligibility and can even generate a sound so distorted that the patient will refuse to wear the hearing aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No other man in history has influenced his era as decisively as Napoleon Bonaparte did. His life was that of an exceptionally gifted man, who knew how to make the most of all the opportunities offered by history. In this paper, we will approach the problem of dentistry, during the period when France was managed by the exceptional statesman, Napoleon Bonaparte, presenting in the second part of this material, the biographies of some personalities of French dentistry from that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A post-anthropocentric epistemological assemblage becomes indispensable in the investigation of the ecology of the Romanian novel. We examine the interactive relationship of various dynamic systems, such as 1) the evolution of the Romanian novel, 2) the modes of representation of the environment, and 3) the social-political history of the autochthonous space. Using a wide range of methodological perspectives, this paper also examines the relationship between literature and the Earth sciences, thus envisioning a new type of literary history where the Romanian novel should be thought as existing within hyper-objects, such as the climate, agriculture, wilderness, pollution, biosphere, cultural politics, capitalism, or geology. The article finally addresses the issue of zoopoetics both as an object of study in the MDRR digital archive (1845-1947) and as a reading strategy, thus, favoring the relationship between animality and narrativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Septoplasty is one of the most common surgical techniques in the ENT field, and the main reason why it is performed is nasal obstruction. The present paper aims to address the main types of incisions made to approach the nasal septum, with their advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vestibular schwannoma is a benign, intracranial tumor of the 8th pair of cranial nerves. The incidence of vestibular schwannoma is 3-5.2 cases per 100000 people. It represents 6% of all intracranial tumors and 80% of tumors located in the cerebellopontine angle. In this paper, the authors present the results of a retrospective study of vestibular schwannoma patients who underwent vestibular schwannoma surgery between 2010 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic disorders in small animals represent a well investigated area, with numerous genetic events being described along with their specific mechanism. However, for many of those, the diagnostic workflow tends to be tedious and prohibitive from the cost perspective, with costly instruments and reagents. Luckily, there are situations where the diagnosis involves the detection of relatively easy to reveal genetic events, such as point mutations or small indels. The present paper describes the implementation of a Real-Time PCR High-Resolution Melting HRM protocol for canine degenerative myelopathy diagnostic, with numerous advantages regarding sensitivity and robustness as well as ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more local public authorities are aware of the role of communication, information, administrative transparency and public involvement in the decision-making process. The need and desire to make publicly known local issues is increasingly part of the strategy of promoting the activity of local public administration. Democracy in the true sense of the word is impossible today without the implementation of effective communication and information techniques, which are the cornerstones of both public relations theory and practice. The role of communication itself in the administration has long been recognized and emphasized in the literature, to the point where it has been said that “it is obvious that without communication no organization can exist” (Laxmiksnth, 2002, p. 167). All the more so now that new communication and information techniques are being put into operation, an integral part of the reforming nature of changes in public administration everywhere. Through this paper we have tried to analyze the impact and importance of public relations procedures in shaping the perception and attitude of citizens towards public activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this paper, we intend to perform an analysis of the legal provisions on the drafting and transcription of civil status documents of Romanian citizens obtained abroad, taking into account the importance of civil status documents, as an attribute of identification of individuals and as the main mean of proof of marital status. In addition to this, in the context of exercising the right to free movement of European Union citizens, we pay attention to the problems encountered by the Romanian citizens in their relations with national or foreign authorities, in interpreting and applying the legal provisions regarding the procedure of preparing and transcribing the civil status documents. Moreover, we considered necessary to focus on some practical cases, an approach that highlighted the need for qualitative improvement of the relevant legal provisions and for the simplification of the procedure analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No other phenomenon has affected the natural course of life of the entire planet since World War II until the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to implementing the rules generated by the state of emergency or by the state of alert, the citizens are seeking parallel solutions, that function as a refuge, where they can withdraw from fear. Being out of control, this feeling can irreparably paralyse rational thinking. Natively endowed with a very well-developed sense of humour, our compatriots found an opportunity to turn it to account by using their ingenuity. They created a rich inventory of comic texts, which would sweeten the fear of the unfriendly profile of this coronavirus. In this paper we refer to a special type of urban folk literature, generated, as previously stated, by physical isolation at home, but which occurred simultaneously with the exit from latency of a spirit which is thirsty for figment. To be more specific, we analyzed some of the jokes that have circulated on various communication channels (especially electronic ones) and whose invariant theme is the human existence during the epidemic, captured in all its fundamental aspects. A condition for the successful communication of a joke is placing the interlocutors in a familiar context of immediate conceptions, interests and aspirations, which means that both the speaker and the recipient benefit from a common background. On the one hand, we tried to identify the semantic meaning of the texts we took into consideration, and on the other hand, we studied how we are led, "activated" to the pragmatic meaning of the statement through latent, implicit content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]