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The negative effect of toxic chemicals and drugs on the kidneys leads to nephrotoxicity due to a disturbance of the physiological regulation functions such as the hydro-saline and acid-base equilibrium, detoxification of metabolic intermediates, and elimination of drugs and toxic metabolites. The nephrotoxic effect is more predominant in patients with kidney disease and may be manifested by acute or chronic renal failure with disruption of the processes of filtration, secretion, reabsorption and concentration of urine. The symptoms of kidney failure are various and in most cases depend on the nature of the nephrotoxics. The most common symptoms include azotemia, increased serum urea, hematuria, anemia, proteinuria, albuminuria, acidosis, edema, hepatomegaly, ascites to convulsions, and coma. The range of nephrotoxic substances is quite varied and numerous, and includes: drugs, solvents, pesticides, herbicides, alcohols, fuels, mushrooms, plants. A special aspect is represented by the antimicrobial drugs such as: antibiotics (aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, ansamycins, polymyxins, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, penicillins), sulfamides, fluoroquinolones, antifungals, antivirals etc [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The paper presents the role of the antibiotic treatment and of the favoring factors independent on the antibiotherapy, identified in the occurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in hospitalized cases in Dolj County. Material and method. Two groups of patients were analyzed: the CDI AB group (178 cases of CDI that received antibiotic treatment) and the CDI non AB group (36 CDI cases which did not receive antibiotic treatment) recorded between July 2014 and December 2016). Results. The antibiotherapy was a significant risk factor, registered at 83.2% of the cases. The classes of antibiotics associated with the onset of CDI were cephalosporins (73.5% of cases), quinolones (24.2%), penicillins (13.4%), tuberculostatics (6.1%), carbapenems (5.6%). The cases came from the general surgery sections (25.2%), pneumophtiziology (16.8%), intensive care (13.5%), neurology (12.1%), nephrology (6.1%), orthopedics (6.1%), cardiology (4.2%), plastic surgery (4.2%), urology (3.7%). CDI non AB recorded a higher percentage compared to CDI AB in the Intensive care sections (30.6% versus 10.1%). The comparative analysis of the characteristics of the patients with CDI AB and CDI non AB did not reveal significant differences linked to the age, sex, interval between admission and onset of the symptoms, recent gastrointestinal surgery or taking antacids. Conclusions. The antibiotherapy is an important risk factor for CDI, cephalosporins and quinolones being frequently-involved. Being admitted to the intensive care unit and the severity of the underlying conditions had a significant role in the appearance of CDI in patients without exposure to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For years and six month old boy was referred to Second Department of Dermatology, „Colentina‟ Hospital due to the persistence of a disseminated eruption, with a six month old course. On clinic examination we identified erythematous and scaly papules and plaques, slightly pruriginous and relatively symmetric, which could not be remitted with systemic antibiotherapy (cephalosporines) and anti H1 medication. The palms and soles were spared and no lesions were present on the mucosa. The cutaneous manifestations were not accompanied by any other symptoms and had had the onset after an upper respiratory tract infection. No personal or heredo-colateral data with any significance were recorded on his behalf. The clinical aspect was characteristic for pityriasis lichenoides chronica and the cutaneous biopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The pediatric evaluation found no other clinical or biological offenses. The patient was treated with erythromycin 40 mg/kg/day for 21 days with the induction of a remission which still lasts after an eight month period. The follow-up of the patient is still ongoing due to the classification of this disease as a possible cutaneous T cell lymphoma precursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]