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Urinary retention due to the impossibility of evacuation of bladder contents and the secondary pathophysiologic processes, which it entails, as well as by inducing mental discomfort or a perpetual state of restlessness, represents a medical emergency in pets. The etiology of urinary retention is represented by: mechanical urinary retention, retention caused by obstruction or occlusion, urethral but also extraurethral; paralytic urinary retention, which occurs secondary to spinal cord lesions, or in geriatric patients due to proliferative processes or degeneration of the spinal column. Retention of spastic origin is characterized by the occurrence of sphincter spasm which is frequently produced by sympathetic irritation resulting in increased tonicity of the bladder sphincter, consequence of pelvic plexus irritation or the presence of diseases such as colic or peritonitis. A good therapeutic management influences both the evolution and the well-being of the patient, therefore an early identification of the specific clinical signs of urinary retention is essential in all types of urinary retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Catatonia is a complex syndrome, with multiple etiologies and features, that relates especially to motor activity. Essentialy, it is characterized by decreased motor activity, peculiar motor activity and decreased engagement during psychiatric interview. Catatonia can be associated with another mental disorder or another medical condition, especially neurological, infectious and metabolic conditions. Material and methods: This paper is a case report of a 17-year-old adolescent, at first assessment at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Addiction Clinic Cluj Napoca. The patient is presented in emergency accompanied by her mother for a psychopathological picture characterized by: psychomotor inhibition; she maintains the same posture for a long time, she stands with cervical flexion and with her chin down toward her chest; negativism that occured one week before the presentation, that has worsened over the past few days; affective instability and self-mutilating behaviour; possible visual hallucinations, that occured the day before the presentation in emergency room. Results: The case was interpreted with the diagnosis of Catatonic schizophrenia and Dissociative motor disorder. Therapy was initiated with an anxiolytic and antipsychotic, with a slight improvement of symptoms. Conclusions: In this case, catatonia is associated with schizophrenia, so we would like to highlight the importance of clinical examination and paraclinic investigations, mostly because catatonia is frequently confused with another medical conditions and left untreated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical lymph nodes represent a common site of metastases for malignancies of the head and neck and, in the absence of a known primary site, the treatment options can be challenging. In patients with a nodular formation with laterocervical localization, the differential diagnosis should always consider the potential metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the ENT sphere. This paper emphasizes the importance of a complete physical and imaging examination, as well as histopathological diagnosis, which led to a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma originating in the larynx, in an otherwise nonspecific clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Erythema nodosum is the most frequent clinicopathologic variant of panniculitis. Triggers are represented by infections, sarcoidosis, rheumatologic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, medications, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy and malignancy. Erythema nodosum typically manifests by the sudden onset of symmetrical, erythematous, warm nodules, usually located on the lower limbs. Often the lesions are bilaterally distributed. Treatment of erythema nodosum should be directed to the underlying associated condition, if identified. Usually, nodules of erythema nodosum regress spontaneously within a few weeks, and bed rest is often sufficient treatment. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and potassium iodide may be helpful drugs to enhance analgesia and resolution. Systemic corticosteroids are rarely indicated in erythema nodosum and before these drugs are administered, an underlying infection should be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare results and establish the accuracy of clinical and radiological examination methods forcervical limit of fi xed prosthetic restorations. Material and method. On the study was used one metal-ceramic crown and two metal crowns (a total of three crowns). Prosthetic abutments were made of light-cured composite resin, using the direct method within crowns. To obtain the spacing in the cervical area – with a value of 30 microns – were used aluminum foil with known thickness (30 microns) interposed between each abutment and each crown. 24 of X-ray were made: three X-rays for each corresponding value of 30 microns which was made interpretations (0 = perfect, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 microns). Radiographs were obtained by a standard method. Clinical examination consisted in placing crowns on each demonstration model (Frasaco); assessment was performed pre-established and marked points on each crown (four positions in the cervical area) for each of 30 microns. Radiological examination consisted in tracing the proximal cervical areas for each of 30 microns. Subsequently a total of 40 physicians evaluated crowns and radiographs without knowing the values used for testing. The results were recorded on forms. Results and conclusions. The result can be correlated on every value of radiological and clinical evaluation, except the value of 60 microns which appear to be clinically acceptable, but not radiological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of the patient with dizziness is based on a careful history, a thorough clinical examination, and a series of vestibular functional explorations: computerized posturography, video-/electronistagmography with caloric and rotational testing, vestibular evoked cervical miogenic potentials. In principle, a perfect correlation should be made between the data obtained from the anamnesis, those obtained in the clinical examination and the results of the vestibular functional explorations. The paper presents some clinical cases in which we see either a good correlation between the paraclinical assessment and the clinical examination, or different inconsistencies are found. The conclusion is that in establishing the diagnosis of the patient with dizziness it is advisable to use all available means and analize each case individually because there can be both concordances and inconsistencies, perfectly explained by a good knowledge of the pathophysiology of the vestibular disorders and also the limitations of the different modalities of clinical or paraclinical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]