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Introduction. Laryngeal cancer is a malignant degeneration, of epithelial or conjunctive nature, developed from the constitutive elements of the larynx. Larynx cancer represents between 1% and 3% of all malignant tumors and about 50% of the ENT sphere tumors, while squamous cell carcinoma represents around 95% of the malignant laryngeal tumors. The highest incidence is seen in males from southern and central Europe, Romania occupying one of the first places. Materials and method. The study analyses anatomoclinical, histological and immunohistochemical aspects of the treatment and prognosis of laryngeal cancer cases diagnosed in 2009- 2015. Results. The study includes a total of 490 patients diagnosed with cancer of the larynx, with a male/female ratio of 42.7/1. Most cases were from rural areas (67%), with an age predominance of 50-70 years old (72%). TNM staging reveals that 93.5% of patients presented in stages III and IV. Histological types were represented as follows: 35 carcinomas in situ, 19 microinvasive carcinomas, 202 carcinomas poorly differentiated, 144 moderately differentiated carcinomas, 68 well differentiated carcinomas, 8 papillary carcinomas, one leiomyosarcoma, one chondrosarcoma, one Kaposi sarcoma, eight bazaloide carcinomas, two verrucous carcinomas, one malignant melanoma. The type of surgery - diagnostic/ curative/ palliative; radical/partially - is associated with the histological type, grading of tumor differentiation, vascular and/or perineural invasion and, eventually, complementary immunohistochemical examinations. Genotyping with the identification and comparative evaluation of allelic frequency for genes included in the study, and the determination of gene expressions with detection and quantification of transcriptions of interest through Real Time PCR resulted in a quantitative comparative analysis of the expression of genes allegedly involved in laryngeal carcinogenesis with the designation of potential genetic markers that may be the targets of complex protocols for the screening/diagnosis or prognosis of laryngeal cancer. Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of knowing the histological type of laryngeal cancer, for a codification degree of the tumor invasion and the establishment of the appropriate oncologic and surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]