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On December 18, 2020, an expert council was held with the participation of members of the Russian Society of Cardiology, the Eurasian Association of Ther-apists, the National Society for Atherothrombosis, the National Society for Evi-dence-Based Pharmacotherapy, and the Russian Heart Failure Society. The event was devoted to the discussion of the correct use of research data of "real clinical practice" in decision making.

The document focuses on key issues of diuretic therapy in CHF from the standpoint of current views on the pathogenesis of edema syndrome, its diagnosis, and characteristics of using diuretics in various clinical situations.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'International Relations & Regional Studies' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There was made the characterization of the health risk for workers' of pulp and paper industry, under the simultaneous effects of chemicals in the residential and working area. The main adverse effect of chemicals that pollute the air and work environment is related with the impact on the respiratory system. Under the successive exposure (ambient air--air in the workplace) in the adult population working at the Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill, the risk of occurrence of respiratory diseases (HI = 18.5) and individual carcinogenic risk (CR = 9.7 x 10(-3)) have been rated as high and constitute 86-99% of the total risk.

This article is devoted to how the first Soviet constitutions were perceived by first-wave Russian émigrés. Despite the relatively large number of lawyers among them, their analysis of the constitutions was not based on the theory of law. Instead, émigrés measured them against their compliance with the historical development of Russia as well as their compatibility with other laws and by-laws. Russians abroad were primarily concerned about the constitutions' implementation. Any study of this topic will therefore discuss not only these Russians' perception of the documents, but also of the Soviet state and its policies in the 1920s. Especially interesting are the arguments about the role of the Soviets and the Soviet system. This paper examines and compares views held by representatives of different political circles, identifying similarities and differences. Most of the émigrés' analyses of the Soviet system in the 1920s resulted in the following assessments: formal legislation was not being observed in practice; management was being gradually centralized; a transition was taking place away from the dictatorship of the proletariat and towards the dictatorship of the party, the oligarchy, and the autocracy of Stalin; the functions of the Soviet organs were being duplicated and replaced by the Communist Party; and bureaucracy was burgeoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to identify the features of the nation-building project of the Crimean Tatar enlightener, educator, journalist, public and political figure Ismail Gasprinskii (1851-1914) based on the analysis of his newspaper "The Perevodchik-Terjiman" (1883-1918). This Bakhchysarai-based newspaper was published for 35 years, during which time it gave a voice to the forward-thinking Russian Muslims and provided an influential platform for public debates. The completion of a comprehensive discourse analysis on the newspaper's articles on a wide range of ethnocultural and sociopolitical issues allowed us not only to examine Gasprinskii's nation-building project from the perspective of his ideas concerning the creation of a common national language, modernization of the religious sphere and inclusion of women in the nationbuilding process; but also to fit it into the all-Russian sociopolitical context of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries by identifying and analyzing such topics as sociopolitical conditions of Muslim Turks in Russia and Muslim emigration from Russia to the Ottoman Empire (Muhajirism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth in the welfare of citizens of countries with a predominantly Muslim population and the increase in free resources in the countries of the Middle East have formed trends towards the development of Islamic banking. Islamic banking is an integral part of the economy of many countries around the world and is actively developing, including in Russia. The active growth of transaction volumes in this sector of the economy increases every year, which confirms the relevance of the research. The article discusses the prospects for the development of Islamic banking in Russia and its features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asian Journal of Art Studies is the property of Central Asian Journal of Art Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To further accelerate globalization, Western states and companies that regulate financial, investment and trade flows and the system of economic relations in the world that they support, unexpectedly led to the increase of power centers and appearance of multipolar system. In the XXI century apart from the USA, Russia and China some more power centers together with EU played an important role in the building of the global system. Due to fierce competition between them, these states being global and nuclear empires can take part in war conflicts simultaneously, but this is unlikely as it can cause a great catastrophe in the world. In the international system, due to the importance of international strategic balance and security, in the nearest future, at the point of measurement, because of fear of losing their positions, to protect themselves or around a certain request, between the coordinates of the United States-Russia-China-EU and other power centers, in bilateral or triple forms, strategic alliances can be formed. According to this study, these alliances are highly likely to become superficial and improvised. This study aims at shedding light on the strength of possible alliances in the nearest future, studying the past and present of the collaboration between the USA-Russia-China-EU with other global power centers from different perspectives. This paper will discuss the behavior of global power centers which need to learn their old or new roles on the international stage. Thus, we will try to reveal Russia's contribution in the building of multipolar international system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern literary criticism, the concept and so-called genre 'migration literature' is commonly associated with the experience of exile, often for political reasons; by contrast, writers who have left their country for reasons other than political are labelled as 'migrant-writers', 'writers abroad', or 'diaspora writers'. The use of such a different terminology to categorise authors and their writings highlight the fact that there are some distinctive characteristics distinguishing them. While I do share this perspective to a certain degree, I also would like to draw attention to a major literary trend of the last two decades: the appearance of writers who expatriate voluntarily without being persecuting politically but yet are in a situation which I define as 'self-exile' or 'voluntary exile'. Despite their different languages and countries of origin and residence, an analysis of their texts demonstrates that these authors are united by two common features: 1) a reflection on the tragic past of their compatriots, who have experienced forced mass emigration, and an attempt to find echoes of this experience in everyday life; and 2) an awareness of their own position (that is, the situation of self-exile) as a productive process and creative basis for their writing work. The hypothesis I suggest in this paper is that the texts written by 'writers who are in self-exile' are characterised by certain writing strategies and themes typical of migrant writers yet they also have some unique features, which are related to the voluntary experience of leaving their home country. Home is to be understood broadly, not in terms of a certain geopolitical location, but as belonging to one single culture, community, and language. The aim of this article is to examine these very features. This article focuses on the novels by two famous contemporary authors: Aleksej Makušinskij (Russia/Germany) and Winfried Sebald (Germany/United Kingdom). In their works, the representation of the condition of self-exile has led the authors to develop a multilingual discourse and recreate the new transitory literary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a two-year study on the implementation of the complex of psychological means of the correction of age and sporting activities related fears in primary school aged swimmers. Two groups of young swimmers from the sports school «Dolphin», Saint-Petersburg took part in the first part of the study: 1) 28 athletes of primary school age (born in 2005) with average sporting experience 3.5 years; and 2) 31 teen aged athlete (born in 2003) with average sporting experience 6 years. The group of teen athletes was involved to identify the characteristics of fears with primary school aged children in swimming. 12 coaches of the sports school also took part in the survey. The efficiency of the complex of psychological correction of fears in young swimmers of primary school age was confirmed by: а) the fears intensity; b) the number of athletes in the risk group and in the groups with low and intermediate fears intensity; c) state-anxiety indicator (both for the whole group of athletes born in 2005, and separately for girls and boys); d) statistically higher kill level of young swimmers of UT-1 in 2016 compared to 2014 and 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks into the problem of bringing top athletes to the peak of mental readiness for important competitions. The technique of preparation of athletes-climbers for responsible competitions is presented that would facilitate the formation of coping strategies. Among the respondents were members of the national team of Russia in climbing when preparing and competing in European and world championships and cups. The technique presented here allowed us to gradually bring top athletes to optimal mental readiness for important competitions, which ensured their consistent and successful performance in championships and cups of Russia, Europe and the whole of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving financial literacy for all segments of the population is a global problem which solving is aim of many international and national projects. It is not possible to find a sufficient solution without drawing attention to mathematical methods for adequate understanding and assessment of financial situation and taking optimal decisions. This is the goal of the Olympiad, established by two Bulgarian universities: the Higher School of Insurance and Finance (VUZF) in Sofia and the Economics University in Varna. Russia participated in the 2018-2019 edition of the Olympiad for the third time. This paper presents the Olympiad task solutions and gives information about the solution difficulties faced by the students. The authors hope that this information will be helpful for Olympiad questions developers and the participants' coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uzhhorod National University Herald Series Law is the property of Uzhhorod National University, State Higher Educational Establishment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to trace the origins of Russophobic stereotypes and myths in Japan and to analyze their features and traits. In the article the authors scrutinize writings by Japanese politician and public figure Uchida Ryohei (1874--1937) which are dedicated to the Russian Empire and the "Manchurian question." Uchida's writings were found in the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and the National Diet Library of Japan. The hypothesis of the article is that Uchida Ryohei was one of the main ideologists and creators of Russophobic stereotypes and myths in the Japanese Empire. It was around Uchida Ryohei that proponents of anti-Russian views and people who were impatient to start the war against the Russian Empire united. The article goes on to demonstrate that Uchida Ryohei's writings and political activities played a key role in the initiation of the Russo-Japanese war (1904--1905) and in shaping a negative image of Russia in Japanese public opinion at the beginning of the 20th century. What's more, Uchida's cultural heritage is still in demand in modern Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Law of Ukraine / Pravo Ukraini is the property of Editorial Board of Journal "Law of Ukraine" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences Bulletin / Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis is the property of Socialo Zinatnu Vestnesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociološka Luča is the property of Socioloska Luca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Russkaa Starina is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our research began with trying to understand why it was that the thought and methods of Freudian psychoanalysis spread so widely and quickly in Russia. We hypothesized that it was partly due to the contiguity between the language of Freudian psychoanalysis and that of literary studies. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed several studies of literary criticism with a psychoanalytical slant, which well demonstrated this contiguity, thus validating our hypothesis. Furthermore, during our research, we discovered that the Russian school of literary studies, starting from the beginning of the 20th century, had discovered the analogies existing between the language of the unconscious and the language of poetry – an insight that anticipated the later developments in literary studies in the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muzikologija is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute of Musicology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results of in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey of the Russian cites administration representatives about cities resilience under the sanctions pressure and COVID-19. The survey was conducted by the Center for Territorial Changes and Urban Development of IPEI RANEPA in March-May 2023, it was attended by representatives of the administration of more than 50 cities of the Russian Federation. We found overall situation as stable: social programs are being implemented in full, unemployment is decreasing, construction of municipal facilities continues, problems with failures in the supply of spare parts, equipment and components are being solved. At the same time, the sanctions have affected the urban economy in completely different ways: while in some cities show significant negative effect, in others the impact of sanctions is insignificant. Cites face number of new challenges: disruption of supply chains, refusal to supply paid equipment, inability to find analogues of imported equipment with the necessary characteristics, rising prices for spare parts. components and construction materials, the rupture of established sales channels to unfriendly countries, a drop in municipal budget revenues, etc. The heads of the city administration work overtime to solve emerging problems, organize interaction between enterprises, establish and deepen business contacts with friendly countries, put forward proposals to improve the situation at the federal level. New tasks successfully solved, although it requires serious efforts. To respond to new challenges, we need a new, more decentralized and local-oriented style of public administration, a process of well-established feedback.

Mental disorders are a serious problem in modern society. They affect millions of people around the world and have a significant impact on the quality of life and people's ability to function in a normal environment. In this regard, the issues of ensuring the rights of citizens suffering from mental disorders do not lose their relevance and require special attention from doctors, lawyers and the scientific community. There are a number of reasons for this, including: 1) an increase in the incidence of mental disorders among the population, especially among socially vulnerable groups such as refugees, orphans, victims of hostilities and natural disasters; 2) medical care for mentally ill people can be provided forcibly, and therefore requires firmly established procedural standards; 3) mentally ill people often pose a danger to both for themselves and for society, therefore, the existence of fair law-restrictive measures is necessary; 4) persons with the status of mentally ill should have guarantees of social protection and integration into society without violating personal freedom (in the case when patients are not socially dangerous). On September 1, 2024, Federal Law No. 465-FZ dated 08/04/2023 «On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation «On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens' Rights in its Provision» will enter into force. This paper analyzes the adopted amendments, how they will affect law enforcement practice, whether they will create even more grounds for restricting the rights of patients in psychiatric hospitals, or are aimed at improving the legal regulation of psychiatric care.

Enhancement of the health care system in Russia continues to be one of key directions of National development. In conditions of deficiency of personnel, systemic changes are needed to transit to qualitatively new level. The application of digital platforms permits to resolve a number of issues related to accessibility and quality of medical services. The paper characterizes current state of health care digitization and level of competitiveness of medical institutions. On the basis of analysis of corporate culture of medical institutions, conclusions are made that it contributes to successful implementation of unified medical information system and development of best corporate standards and traditions.

This article, composed using literary sources and archival materials, is dedicated to the 155th anniversary of Alexander Grigoryevich Lyutkevich - a prominent Russian ophthalmologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (12.09.1867-18.04.1928) and one of the founders of the Voronezh Medical Institute. The paper traces the main stages of his biography, notes his work in rapid-reaction emergency care units, and pays attention to his teaching activities. The importance of Lyutkevich's doctoral dissertation on the treatment of high myopia is emphasized. The article also highlights his important role as editor of the classic textbook "Course of eye diseases" by A.A. Kryukov. In Lyutkevich's public activities, his contribution to the establishment of the Society of Ophthalmologists in Moscow is particularly noteworthy. Lyutkevich's high organizational skills are highlighted, which were clearly manifested in the Yuriev University and in the creation of the medical faculty of the Voronezh University.

Leonid Vasilyevich Sobolev is an outstanding pathologist, whose name definitely should occupy an honorable place in the galaxy of great scientists of Russia. However, his name was undeservedly forgotten, and the role of his work was underestimated. This Russian scientist made the most important discovery: he proved in an experiment that it is the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that secrete a humoral regulator, "factor X", the deficiency of which leads to diabetes mellitus. This mysterious islet factor will be isolated from the pancreas of dogs in 1921 by the future Nobel laureate Frederick G. Banting and will become part of the medicine as insulin. However, there is every reason to believe that the discovery of F. G. Banting, who repeated a series of experiments by Leonid Vasilyevich Sobolev, is, in fact, secondary, which is the research subject in this paper.

Background:  Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with upper-normal or elevated blood calcium levels due to primary thyroid gland pathology. PHPT is a rare pathology in children, with a prevalence of 2-5:100,000 children according to the literature. Due to the non-specificity of clinical manifestations at onset (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, emotional lability), the disease may remain undiagnosed for a long time., Aim:  To study the features of the course and molecular genetic basis of primary hyperparathyroidism in children., Materials and Methods:  Retrospective observational study of 49 patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. All patients underwent a comprehensive laboratory-instrumental and molecular genetic study at the Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center of Russia in the period 2014-2022., Results:  The first clinical symptoms of PHPT were noted at the age of 13.8 years [10.6; 1 5.2], among which fatigue, headaches, dyspepsia, lower limb pain, and fractures were the most common. The age of diagnosis was 15.81 years [13.1; 16.8], all children were found to have high levels of PTH, total and ionized calcium, with hypophosphatemia in 93.9% of patients (n=46) and hypercalciuria in 43% (n=21). Five out of 49 patients (10.2%) were found to have ectopy of the thyroid: 3 showed an intrathyroidal location, 2 in the mediastinal region. Molecular genetic study revealed mutations in 32.7% of patients (n=16, CI (21; 47)), mutations in MEN1 being the most frequent (n=11). Pathogenic variants in CDC73 were detected in 3 patients, RET - in 2. Among the operated 39 patients, adenoma of the thyroid was detected in 84.6% of cases (n=33), hyperplasia in 7.7% (n=3), atypical adenoma in 5.1% (n=2), carcinoma in 5.1% of cases (n=2)., Conclusion:  The paper presents the peculiarities of the course and the results of molecular genetic study of pediatric PHPT. This sample is the largest among those published in the Russian Federation.

This paper analyzes the etymology of the Russian names of the organs of the urinary system (kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra) and their separate parts (renal pelvis). It is shown that Russian anatomical terms originate from the root morphemes of the Indo-European language group, which convey morphological, physiological or anatomical features of this or that organ. At the moment Russian terminology is widely used in the study of anatomy and other fundamental and medical sciences in universities and clinical practice along with common Latin names and eponyms of names of these or other structures.

Economic and social losses due to epidemics of non-communicable diseases have put prevention and control of them on the first line in the field of sustainable development of the United Nations. The tasks of combating NCDs and risk factors within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals require targeted actions on the part of States in the field of policy and legislation and provision of health systems with appropriate resources. In the Russian Federation, such work is being implemented within the framework of the national project "Healthcare", federal programs to combat oncological and cardiovascular diseases. Each subject takes into account the peculiarities of economic development, staffing, implementation of informatization processes, etc. The rapid pace of transformation of Moscow healthcare, its unique institutional structure allowed to form the basis for the effective development of a system of proactive dispensary monitoring of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The authors describe the process of formation of preventive work and organization of dynamic dispensary observation in Moscow. The paper presents in detail the organizational, administrative and technological resources used to create a unique system of dynamic dispensary observation. In addition, the article illustrates the personalized subsystem of dynamic dispensary observation in EMIAS and the institute of "physician assistant". The introduction of a proactive dispensary monitoring system will reduce premature mortality and disability among residents of the city. Moscow through an individual monitoring program and motivation for the responsible attitude of metropolitan patients to their health.