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The paper proves that speech genres as forms of text production and interpretation claim to be one of the main objects of formal linguistic analysis in comprehensive papers on cognitive modeling – an intensively developing trend of artificial intelligence. Understanding a speech genre as a form of spiritual socio-cultural activity (artistic, scientific, political, ideological, etc.) at the level of its objectification through a system of speech actions in the text as a communication unit allows to describe the systems of speech genres in various spheres of communication. The authors analyze speech genres which objectify the main stages of an academic theoretical research. By means of artificial intelligence, the research solves the problem of recognition of the speaker’s intentions while performing cognitive-speech actions forming the genre form of a text. It contributes to the development of the fundamental problem of “understanding” the meaning of an utterance by a machine. The research is based on the interdisciplinary complex method of text analysis. In terms of software implementation, the offered approach obtains a small set of high-level linguistic features of the clauses with the templates and then trains classifiers on these features. In order to create templates, the authors carry out linguistic and psychological analysis that deals with identifying markers of cognitive and speech actions as accurately as possible in accordance with the standards of perception. In the course of our study, the authors have obtained high indexes of cognitive and speech action identification, ranging from 0.78 to 0.99.

Background. The subject matter of developmental psychology has almost never been subject to critical analysis, but it is obvious there are problems in this field. In particular, it is hard to shape the major issue of analysis in developmental psychology: personality development, psyche, age characteristics, or all of the above mentioned issues. For the further research of developmental psychology as a science, it is very important to identify the main fundamentally different areas and subject matter of research that are somehow studied, however spasmodically, often within other branches of psychology or even in other sciences. The Objective of this paper is to clarify the subject matter of developmental psychology as a science, to verify that developmental psychology dwells on several fundamentally different areas and subject matters of research, in accordance with which it is necessary to shape the research of this science. Design. The paper identifies fundamentally different areas of developmental psychology considered as separate subject matters of research. It is recognized that the structure of modern developmental psychology does not correspond to the subject matter of research. As a result, some areas of personality development are not identified as separate subdisciplines or sections of developmental psychology (e.g. variational personality development, development of personality substructures) lack research and are not presented in textbooks developmental psychology. Conclusion. Developmental psychology can identify the following types of research subject matters: normative and variational human development, the development of psychological substructures of personality and psychological characteristics of age groups. It is necessary to restructure the developmental psychology based on the subjects of research highlighting the following subdisciplines: regular mental development, variable personality development, mental development (development of psychological substructures of personality), age-based studies (age groups psychology).

In the course of treating a serious illness, a person is faced with questions related not only to the medical side of treatment, but also with the realizing the sense of the events. This is equally true for both oncology adults and for children. The paper researches the disease representation in children who suffer from severe diseases. General psychological aspects of the disease situation and the understanding of patient children and the ability to use these concepts in practical psychological help are considered. The study hypothesizes, first of all, the semantic structure of representation in this group of children having specific characteristics that distinguish them from healthy children. Secondly, data representation having a therapeutic potential can be used as a psychological tool. Mediating function of the psychological tools mentioned is justified in this paper from the perspective of cultural historical approach and the concept of mental health levels. The experimental study was conducted in the specialized pediatric clinics in Moscow, Russia. Control group include students of one of Moscow schools. The study included organization of the experimental situation, criteria for obtaining data, comparative analysis and evaluation. The hypothesis is confirmed. The characteristic structure of disease representations in patient children reflecting some vector of the disease course is outlined. This makes the study an important practical value as the results may provide a solution to practical issues of medical psychology in assisting patient children. The research offers further studying the semantic sphere of patient children.

The paper deas with specific features of cognitive sphere in linguistic researche of lexical unit newness that has became possible because of the mechanisms of different sciences interdisciplinary cooperation. The paper reveals the classification of possible approaches to analysis of the word’s individual newness through the cognitive area of psychology, linguistics and neuroscience. Статья посвящена специфике когнитивного спектра лингвистических исследований новизны лексической единицы, формирование которого стало возможным благодаря механизмам междисциплинарного взаимодействия научных областей знаний. В статье предпринята попытка классификации возможных подходов к исследованию индивидуальной новизны слова в междисциплинарном поле «психология – лингвистика – нейронаука».

Background. Registration and analysis of bioelectric activity of the brain while performing the mental task allows us to obtain objective information about the physiological processes of the brain. The Objective of the paper is to analyse session dynamics of changes in Theta rhythm(4-8 Hz), Delta rhythm (1-3.99 Hz), as well as slow (0.99-0.1 Hz) biorhythms of the human brain by registering the spectrum of the difference function of bioelectric activity (FBA) in the process of positional computer game. Design. The efficiency of positional computer game of 65 female subjects in the age range of 18-58 years was analyzed. In 7 players in the course of four sessions of the game, the bioelectric activity of the brain in the range from 8 Hz to 0.13 Hz was studied. Results. It is shown that the difference function of bioelectric activity at the significance level p=0.05 differs for each hemisphere in the frequency range. The changes in the frequencies of excitation (maxima) and inhibition (minima) of the difference function of bioelectric activity of the brain with an increase in the number of game sessions in each hemisphere in the ranges of theta, Delta and slow rhythms are revealed. A psychophysiological model of the player’s operations is proposed, which is consistent with the obtained data. The Statistica 10.0 package was used for statistical analysis. Conclusion. In the final sessions of the positional computer game, the activity of the left hemisphere is reduced than the right one. As the strategy of the game has already been tested, the main elements of the game are already in memory, the novelty is almost absent. This is consistent with the transition from a successive (step-bystep) method of information processing to a simultaneous (one-step) analysis of the game position, which is characterized by rapid automatism in decision-making and performance.

In recent years, the principle predictive coding has become one of the frontiers in the contemporary cognitive science and is used to explain a growing range of cognitive functions, as well as emotions, social psychological effects, etc. Implementing the general concept of anticipation as the cornerstone of human activity, this principle echoes some ideas articulated by N. A. Bernstein in his physiology of activity in the middle of the twentieth century. For example, multilevel “sensory corrections” to the course of movement in accordance with its program, or the “image of the future”, might be compared to the “prediction error” in the perceptual image construction as described by K. Friston. Both approaches aim at explaining the self-organization of living systems. The paper discusses some possibilities of their integration and mutual enrichment. Принцип предсказывающего кодирования в современной когнитивной науке в последние годы выходит на передний план и применяется для объяснения все более широкого круга явлений познания, а также эмоций, социально-психологических феноменов и т. д. Реализуя общее представление о предвосхищении как основе активности человека, этот принцип перекликается с идеями, сформулированными в физиологии активности Н. А. Бернштейна в середине XX столетия. В частности, многоуровневые «сенсорные коррекции», вносимые в ход движения в соответствии с программой, или «образом будущего», могут быть соотнесены с «ошибкой предсказания» при построении образа восприятия в трактовке К. Фристона. Оба подхода ставят своей целью описание самоорганизации живых систем. В исследовании обсуждаются возможности их интеграции и взаимообогащения. Работа поддержана Программой фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ (2020).

The article examines the pragmatic identity of eorthonyms in Russian and Spanish paremic discourses from a cognitive and discursive viewpoint. Basing on the classification of small paremiological units the research defines the meaning of linguocultural constants in them, as well as reveals the formats for the implementation of communicative and pragmatic functions. For the first time the study presents the results of a comparative analysis of the cognitive-pragmatic potential of eorthonyms in compact folklore forms in Russian and Spanish languages. The paper focuses on a developed comparative reference-evaluation typology of paremias with eorthonyms and highlights the role of religious holidays in Russian and Spanish paremiological cultures, as well as estimates the linguocultural differential that may be important for interpretation. The hypothesis is confirmed that eorthonyms in Russian and Spanish paremias are complex linguocultural and cognitive-pragmatic phenomena that perform orienting, chrononymic, communicative, evaluative and reference functions., В статье с когнитивно-дискурсивных позиций рассматривается прагматическая специфика эортонимов в русском и испанском паремических дискурсах. На основе классификации малых паремиологических единиц c эортонимами уточняется значение лингвокультурных констант, а также форматы реализации коммуникативных и прагматических функций. В работе впервые представлены результаты сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа когнитивно-прагматического потенциала эортонимов в компактных фольклорных формах на материале русского и испанского языков. Приводится разработанная сопоставительная референциально-оценочная типология паремий с эортонимами и даётся оценка роли религиозных праздников в русской и испанской паремиологических культурах, а также их лингвокультурного дифференциала. Подтверждается гипотеза о том, что эортонимы в русских и испанских паремиях представляют собой сложные лингвокультурные и когнитивно-прагматические феномены, которые выполняют ориентирующие, хрононимические, коммуникативные, оценочные и референтные функции.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы использования компьютерных методов анализа звука в этномузыко-логических исследованиях. Применение технических средств в этой области началось в XIX веке. Сначала это были аппараты для записи звука, затем аппараты для звуковысотной расшифровки. В настоящее время они вытеснены цифровыми звукозаписывающими устройствами и компьютерными программами, которые вычисляют точную линию мелодии исследуемого исполнения, могут представить результаты анализа графически, позволяют оценивать акустические характеристики голоса и инструмента, ритм и темп исполнения. Для анализа стиля можно применять статистические методы, реализуемые средствами компьютерной техники. Компьютерные методы анализа музыкального звука разрабатываются и используются в научном сообществе ISMIR, однако оно ориентировано почти полностью на 12-полутоновый равномерно-темперированный строй музыки. Традиционная музыка использует другие строи и требует для анализа иных методов - которые входят в понятие «вычислительная (компьютерная) этномузыкология». Это направление развивается во всем мире, в том числе и в России., The paper deals with the problems of computer sound analysis methods used in ethnomusicology investigations. The ethnomusicologist's began to apply technical devices since XIX Century. Firstly, it were phonographic equipment and melody description devices; now they will be substituted through digital audio-recorders and computer programs which calculate exact melody profile of performance, represent the results graphically, provide analysis of acoustical characteristics of voices and instruments and measurement of rhythm and temp of performance. For performance style analysis, statistical methods will be realized with help of computer. Computer-aid analysis of musical sound will be elaborated and used in scientific society ISMIR, but it is mostly focused on “European” kind of music with 12-halftone pitch row. Traditional music uses other pitch rows and must be analyzed with specific methods- which forms the “computational ethnomusicology.” This branch of science makes good progress all over the world and also in Russia., Музыкальная академия, Выпуск 3 (771) 2020

В статье рассматриваются истоки формирования образной символики в японском искусстве оригами. Пластические образы оригами анализируются в контексте содержания традиций, сложившихся в самобытной культуре Японии и под влиянием межкультурных контактов. Определено, что многообразие форм в оригами создается и трансформируется в соответствии с образно-символическим содержанием, связанным с мировоззренческим основанием, с мифологическими и религиозными воззрениями: синтоизмом и дзен-буддизмом, с восточными культурами. Представляются базовые принципы формообразования оригами с учетом изменений пластики листа. В результате исследования обобщаются основные тенденции и перспективы в развитии искусства оригами. Определено, что технические приемы оригами через века получают новую трактовку в современных авторских работах: декоративной пластике, дизайне, архитектуре, компьютерном варианте, преимущественно с утратой сакрального содержания и ориентирами на внешнюю привлекательность., The paper examines the origins of the fi gurative symbol formation in the Japanese art of origami. Origami fi gures are analyzed in the context of the traditions that have developed in the original Japan culture and under the infl uence of intercultural contacts. It has been determined that the variety of forms in origami is correlated with the fi gurative and symbolic content which is connected with the worldview foundations, mythological and religious views: Shinto and Zen Buddhism, and also with Eastern cultures. The basic principles in origami shaping are presented, taking into account changes in the plasticity of the sheet. As a result of the study, the main trends and prospects in the development of the origami art are generalised. It has been determined that over the centuries origami techniques receive a new interpretation in modern art works: decorative plastics, design, architecture, digital representation, mainly with the loss of sacred content and trend towards visual appeal., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 57 2020

The paper examines some key concepts of forensic science, namely the subject, object and objectives of investigation, in terms of how they are defined and how they relate to each other. It follows the history of the term «the subject of forensic facial recognition» as a special case of the subject of forensic science. The essence of the term «the subject of forensic facial recognition» is embodied in the facts and circumstances investigated by means of scientific analysis of objective representations of the features of human appearance and established by thoroughly addressing specific diagnostic and identification objectives. It is important to distinguish the essence and substance of the subject of forensic investigation from its objects and objectives.

The article is devoted to the issues of cognitive modelling of the semantics of English nouns denoting a criminal. The article deals with the question of the variable representation of cognitive information due to adaptive potential of knowledge representation structures depending on the language level and the essence of the phenomenon under study. The results of the analysis of lexical units and their actualization in the literary text are presented. Particular attention is paid to the structures of knowledge representation like frame, prototype, cogniotype and stereotype. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the work implements a cognitive approach to the study of the semantics of units and the content and structural aspects of the text. Within the framework of this approach, cognitive structures of different levels are involved. The conclusion is made about the complementarity of these structures and about the possibility of their simultaneous functioning. In addition, the paper attempts to formulate rules and principles of cognitive text research. The relevance of the research is caused by the attempt to identify the laws of categorization and conceptualization of reality reflected in the language. The results of cognitive research, usually presented in the form of models or schemes, facilitate subsequent comparison of ways of categorization in other languages, as well as the identification of common universal laws of human cognition and the principles of its reflection in semantics.

The paper discusses theoretical basics for organising the work and interaction of di˙erent specialists helping children with learning diyculties (teachers, counsellors, therapists). The multivector model of the zone of proximal development based on cultural-historical psychology and developed in the theoretical framework of Reflection-Activity approach is proposed as such basic value. We connect di˙erent types of help to various developmen-tal vectors and regard them as technologies to enhancing the client’s development. We reveal the contents of such notions as cooperation, zone of proximal development, agency, reflection, and problem’s epicentre. We present di˙erent ways of operationalizing these notions applied to aiding children with learning diyculties. The notion of dual resource we propose is important for developing new techniques of working in the zone of proximal development; it is this basis certain technologies of organising the client’s reflection are relying on. We give examples of counselling children in such way and present a com-parative analysis of the counsellor’s work with action schemas and cognitive-behavioural therapist’s work with problematic emotional states and behaviours in children with learn-ing diyculties. The theoretic system we disclose helps to comprehend the famous quote from Lev Vygotsky: “one step in learning may signify a hundred steps in development”.

Современная когнитивная наука понимает сознание как высокоуровневое состояние информационных систем. Сравнение атрибутивного и функционального подходов к пониманию генетического статуса информации показывает, что функциональный подход не согласуется с принципом эпистемологической полноты физики и принципом каузальной замкнутости физического мира. Атрибутивный подход, напротив, согласуется с этими фундаментальными принципами, на которых базируется вся современная естественная наука. Однако он нуждается в обосновании онтологического единства энергии и информации на самых элементарных уровнях материального бытия. С этой целью в статье приводятся два аргумента аргумент от отсутствия тождества и квантово-механический аргумент. В заключительной части статьи прослеживаются эвристические возможности атрибутивной концепции информации для инкорпорирования в научную картину мира нередуцируемых к физическим процессам феноменов ментального порядка., Modern cognitive science understands consciousness as a high-level state of information systems. The comparison of the attributive and functional approaches to understanding the genetic status of information shows that the functional approach does not agree with the principle of epistemological comprehensiveness of physics and the principle of causal closure of the physical world. The attributive approach, on the contrary, is consistent with these fundamental principles, on which all modern natural science is based. However, it needs to justify the ontological unity of energy and information at the most elementary levels of material existence. The paper presents two arguments to this end: the argument from the absence of identity and the quantum mechanical argument. The final part of the article traces the heuristic possibilities of the attributive concept of information for incorporation of mental phenomena, which are not reduced to physical processes, into the scientific picture of the world., Научное мнение, Выпуск 11 2019

This paper suggests some approaches to identification, modeling and monitoring of depressed areas in Russia and other countries. It contains a survey of programs (strategies) and economic-mathematical modeling experience for socio-economic development of depressed areas. We have identified several most applicable economic-mathematical modelling methods, such as: analytic hierarchy process for choosing strategic alternatives of overcoming depressed development in regions; regression analysis for regional depression factors identification, GRP-modeling, and testing beta-convergence hypothesis; cluster analysis for depressed regions identification; production function component analysis for modeling capital investments into the industry; principal component analysis for complex assessment of regional development, and others. In foreign publications we could distinguish Mahalanobis metric matching; input-output model (IMPLAN); ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models; multiple regression models; 3-equation simultaneous equation model; two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions; discriminant analysis of factors, and others. As a result of the study, some recommendations on application of international experience in managing depressed territories are given for Russia.

I argue in this paper that a new paradigm for how leaders should be trained and developed is needed. In the new paradigm, leader development will focus on transforming mindsets more than skillsets. Skills are necessary but not suffi cient for leadership. Drawing on the latest discoveries in neuroscience and cognitive science, and the theory of “unlearning” of Otto Rank, I maintain that leaders should be learning how to radically transform their current mental models when they are out-of-date or no longer useful, thereby creating greater capacity for seeing what others cannot see and thinking what others have not yet thought.