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The article investigates the economic substance of motivation entrepreneurship. The research determined the role of motivation in the activation of entrepreneurship. The article pointed out that motivation is an essential part of business. Motivation is a process that is aimed at encouraging businesses to efficient economic activity, which results in the achievement of the specific economic goals. In general, all business activities related to the satisfaction of social needs. Businessman takes on property risks of economic activity from differentmotives. The main motivation of business is business profit. Features an internal nature of income from business consists in the fact that he obtained through market exchange made entrepreneur products or services carried out and the result is a better use of economic resources of the entrepreneur in the process of economic exchange. The process of intensification entrepreneurial activity is a complex multi-system functional simulation which through the use of IDEF0-notation provides its formalization and detail. Functional multi-model business processes entrepreneurial revitalization constructed in order to visualize the structure of business processes, show their relationships to assess the optimality of interaction between business - processes and within a single business process. The model takes into account the impact of external factors and coordinated cooperation of the administration, support and promotion of entrepreneurship in the context of the business functions of motivation, coordination of business and most business entities. The paper summarizes, the motivation in entrepreneurship should be considered as an economic process that may regulate to achieve the desired positive economic effect on economic activity entrepreneur. Motivation - a specific set of tools to stimulate and coercion that can influence the cost-effectiveness as part of doing business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Currently, the number of entrepreneurs who run traditional business or create a startup is growing. A startup is a special type of entrepreneurial activity that increases the risks of doing business. In this regard, the question of the personality traits of the entrepreneur who has a traditional business and the founder of the startup arises. Objective. The aim is to identify distinctive professional values of entrepreneurs who prefer traditional business (hereinafter referred to as TB entrepreneurs) and startup entrepreneurs. Methods. The hypotheses were tested by a survey including two test methods: the Rokich values method, a modified method from the Bushkova-Shiklina study. The paper compared the set of professional values of traditional business entrepreneurs (TB) and startup founders. Differences in values were checked through Pearson's chi-square calculation (χ2 ⸻ Pearson consent criterion). Sample. The sample consisted of 90 people. Of these, 46 participants (25 men and 21 women) are entrepreneurs, and 44 (27 men and 17 women) participants are startup founders living in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The age of respondents is from 20 to 40 years. Results. Statistically significant differences in the values of TB entrepreneurs and startup founders could not be found. The set of common values of TB entrepreneurs and startup founders is the same: interest in work, financially secure life, development. However, each group of entrepreneurs has its own specific values. TB entrepreneurs emphasise professionalism while startup founders emphasise success. Conclusions. TB entrepreneurs and startup founders have similar values. The personalities of TB entrepreneurs and startup founders have many similarities, similar values and directions in life, despite the fact that the activities of these two groups are not identical and have their own characteristics. A startup should be considered as a subtype of entrepreneurship. TB entrepreneurs demonstrate professionalism as a specific professional value. Startup founders have another specific professional value which is freedom.

The paper presents the concept of an interdisciplinary project on the development and implementation of socio-psychological technologies of building enterpriseculture of the geographical region representatives in Russia. The purpose of this technology is to encourage entrepreneurial activity of the working-age population of a certain Russian geographical region with its cultural, historical, economic and socio-psychological features of the project launches by Professor Takhir Yu. Bazarov «Stolypin reform: version 2.0» and is being implemented in the Saratov region which is historically associated with the name of the prominent Russian reformer Pyotr Stolypin. The project started in the Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University in the course of the 7th Scientific Practical Conference «Organizational psychology: people and risks» (October 19-20, 2016) devoted to the interdisciplinary analysis of the reforming practice of the Russian economy within «past – present – future» transspective, leadership in terms of reforms and capacity assessment (socio psychological, cultural, economic) of the Saratov region in the context of more active development of entrepreneurship by establishing the entrepreneurial culture. The paper describes innovative communication technology organization and promotion of value and target-oriented discussions of scientists, managers and students (among the authors T. Yu. Bazarov and T. A. Nestik are among the authors). The results of socio-psychological research are presented and discussed: a) the image of Saratov city and the image of Saratov entrepreneurs, b) Saratov citizens’ idea about the (ideal and actual) image of Saratov entrepreneurs and Saratov respect of the business selfassessment by entrepreneurs of their image in the eyes of citizens, c) the analysis of the reformer personality and successful leadership in terms of reforms, d) the results of the comparative analysis of the early twentieth and twenty-first centuries crises, e) the results of the research on values and moral development level of the Saratov entrepreneurs, f) on the basis of the obtained results the proposed concept of the development and implementation of socio-psychological technologies of building entrepreneurial culture of the geographical region representatives in Russia.

The new digital environment and the COVID-19 crisis, having drastically increased the amount of teleworking and e-commerce, seem to have benefited GAFAM and digital platforms. Under the current conditions, SMEs and traditional businesses are forced to look for adaptive strategies. Some researchers (e.g. A. Carmeli and G.D. Markman) argue that they SMEs and traditional businesses need to build entrepreneurial and organizational resilience . And it is in this respect, in particular, that psychology can be usefully mobilized to analyze new forms of economic competition. On these grounds, the authors of the paper defend the idea that the SMEs and traditional businesses will be able to exist and assert themselves against their new competitors. In this new interconnected, turbulent and uncertain environment, this self-assertion passes through a strategic and organizational reconfiguration, but also and above all, through entrepreneurial action in its effectual logic which can lead to resilience and, moreover, to antifragility .

The paper analyses some psychological and cultural determinants of Romanian entrepreneurship. The underlying hypothesis is that some psychological and cultural personalities are more prone to entrepreneurship than other segments of the population. Individuals with a certain psychological and cultural profile can have or acquire entrepreneurial skills, risk inclination, by virtue of personality traits. The work has scientifically demonstrated the existence or absence of significant links between personality traits, culture, economical context and entrepreneurship. Currently, the economic crisis is accelerating, and the concerns for future uncertainties are spreading throughout our society

The paper deals with the relationship between the characteristics of individual time perspective and the processes of self-regulation that affect the quality of life. The research features personal characteristics of people engaged in entrepreneurial activities. The author has conducted a comparative analysis of time perspective balance in relation to the styles of self-regulation in three groups: successful entrepreneurs, individuals who refuse to engage in entrepreneurial activities for various reasons, and individuals who keep failing to organize their own business. The obtained results have revealed that a balanced time perspective in combination with regulatory modeling and evaluation processes is necessary for successful business activity. If time perspective is unbalanced, it does not allow the individual to use their positive potential to the full, even if life regulation processes are well-developed.

The paper analyzes the top priority areas of employment regulation in the period of formation and development of market economy in Kabardino-Balkaria: the author outlines the problems and prospects for further development of the employment market in the Republic. The role of small and medium businesses for solving the problem of unemployment in traditionally labour-surplus rural settlements is characterized.

The paper considers different approaches to the definition of "security" in the context of business activities. A comparative analysis of Russian and Western approaches to the security definition in the economic aspect was made. The author also provides and original definition of "complex corporative security", which can be used for educational purposes.

The paper explores the meaning of innovation entrepreneurship development in foreign countries. The role of cluster policy in the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia is shown. The author notes that implementation of the main objectives of foreign countries’ cluster policy requires different mechanisms and tools; some of them are: creating specialized advisory and coordination bodies, contributing to the support and development of innovation clusters; the state’s co-financing of programmes and projects aimed at the development of innovative clusters. The author identified the bodies that facilitate the development of innovative clusters. To build an effective cluster systems in the region, it is necessary to observe the following requirements: the presence of the leader company that will choose the “course” of innovative strategic development of the entire system; the location of the major participants of the cluster in one area; the formation of both the interregional and international contacts; consensus-building between business and authorities in promotion of cluster activities; formation of corporate governance.