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The paper dedicated to comparative gap of epidemiology data in Ukraine, Europe and North America, review of evidence-based researches of value of particular risk factors of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The paper deals with etiopathogenetic and clinical peculiarities, and also therapeutic methods during the pathological processes in the thyroid system in the childhood. The most common of these processes is the diffuse nontoxic goiter, which results in abnormality of metabolic processes regulation in the child's growing organism and often signals to the beginning of many thyropathies.

The authors present and discuss a survey of published papers on medical care price formation. Economic analysis methods, socio-economic aspects of evaluation of medical care cost and effectiveness of different kinds of treatment were considered. Planning the volume of medical care in health care institutions strongly recommends perfecting the price formation by optimising calculation method and developing treatment and prophylaxis protocols.

The paper presents observational data of depression extent among general patients. Psychosomatic disorders are considered in the article. The authors analyzed the mental disorders incidence among different groups of somatic patients, a problem of using the various treatment techniques in these groups. Authors propose the treatment of depression observed among general patients; it is based on literature data and their own observations.

The paper submits data on the antigenic composition of HLA system in members of nuclear families of adolescent boys presenting with the delay in sexual maturation. Positive and negative associations of particular antigens with sexual underdevelopment are stated. Estimated in the families was the highest incidence rate of gaplotypes A 28-B 40, A 28-B 8, A 1-B 40, and A 3-B 40. The authors come out with a suggestion that it might be possible to use the identified antigens in prognostication of delayed puberty.

Submitted in the paper are data obtained as a result of analyzing and pooling information now available about positive and negative sequels of introduction in the Russian Federation of a compulsory medical insurance. Emphasis is placed on the relevance of, and need for, taking account of practical experience gained by the Russian Federation in deciding on the question about time and expediency of the start of a similar reform in Ukraine and on the importance of use of innovational approaches and technology at the stage of its planning.

A comparative analysis was done of prevalence, incidence rates, and mortality from cerebrovascular disorders (CVD), including cerebral insults, in Mariupol over the period 1999-2000. Submitted in the paper are CVD epidemiological findings from the Donetsk region, Ukraine. Of much interest to us was studying prevalence, risk factors for CVD development among those workers occupied in labour at large industrial enterprises in Mariupol, with which purpose sampling population studies were made among workers occupied in labour at the Illyich Integrated Iron-and-Steel Works and seaport. During the course of the above studies epidemiological indices were examined together with risk factors for development of cerebrovascular disorders.

The paper presents results of investigations designed to study changes in lipid peroxidation and in antioxidant system of miners in different vocational groups with Reiter's disease and gout. It is shown that the condition of the above systems is affected by both diseases as such and occupational conditions of miners. Based on the secured findings it is recommended that treatment of the above patients be supplemented with an antioxidant agent, copherol in particular.

The paper presents an analysis of causes of relapse of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers based on review of 2120 case records of patients from the Ukrainean-German gastroenterological centre over the period six months--two years. Chief causes of relapse of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer are identified, such as incomplete course of eradication therapy; failure on the part of the patients to keep to the physician's orders, which fact suggests to us that there has not been achieved the necessary "compliance"; resistance to the therapy treatments administered, in the first place, to metronidazole (36%), development of gastroestrophagitis reflux.

In those persons who had taken part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident (AEEP), an oxidative stress with disturbed functioning of the antioxidant defence extracellular factors ceruloplasmin and transferrin is recordable over a long time range together with direct and indirect manifestations of insulin resistance. Submitted in the paper is an analysis of indices for ceruloplasmin, transferrin, free iron (FI), and insulin in the blood plasma of AEEP in different age groups and in those AEEP suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (DM) as well. The group of comparison was participants in the military operations (MOP) in Afghanistan. In the older age group AEEP (beyond 40 years of age) and in those AEEP presenting with type II DM similar alterations have been shown to be the case, such as decrease in the content of transferrin and augmentation of ceruloplasmin against the background of hyperinsulinemia. The above alterations can be regarded as a risk factor for origination of type II DM in Chernobyl AEEP.

Data are presented from an investigation designed to study market of medical services delivered to patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD). A model of the purchaser's behaviour of consumers of medical services is developed, decisive factors affecting the choice of a medical institution when applying for a profile medical advice are determined. Submitted in the paper is also an algorythm of analysis of expediency of segmentation of market of medical services delivered to STD patients. The most optimal principles of market segmentation include the following--economic (solvency), territorial (place of residence), social (belonging to one or another stratum of society).

Presented in the paper are topical aspects of prevalence, specificities of manifestation, and correction of meteoropathologic reactions (MR) in disorders of the circulatory system. A total of 1260 patients were examined. Of these, 518 had hypertensive disease (HD), 198 were coronary (IHD) patients, 544 had HD concurrent with IHD. Based on the standardized questionnaire and results of clinical and instrumental studies meteorosensitivity was assessed, with meteorogramme having been taken into account. To correct MR aero- and balneoprocedures were used together with speleotherapy and physical training. High meteorologic factors sensitivity was ascertained in 67 percent of patients. MR frequency was found out to be related to overstrain, failure to stick to the daily time-table, bad habits, constitutional specificities, low physical activity. Depending on the features of manifestation three degrees of severity have come to be recognized in MR. A complex of measures designed to correct MR is submitted. The use of the above complex allowed the MR frequency to be reduced, their severity to be alleviated.

Different views are presented on the issue of delivering psychiatric services under present-day conditions. The necessity is substantiated to develop medical and social services to be provided to mental patients. The author submits data on the prevalence of mental disturbances, degree of disability, efficiency of biologic methods of therapy. Described in the paper are problems of organization of psychiatric services intended for patients with affective disorders, with objectives and tasks of medical and social rehabilitative services on a town/city scale being substantiated.

The paper focuses on the history and sources of origin of sanology as science, with its brief characterization being given, relating to such items as definition, object and subject of investigation, methodological approaches and tasks, with special emphasis being placed on the significance of sanology in the elaboration of general theory of medicine.

Clinical and epidemiological characterization is presented of local running-water-borne outbreak of abdominal typhoid (AT) in 1992-1994 in Lugansk. Described in the paper is AT clinical picture in 77 patients, characterized by briefer fever periods and shorter time courses of the symptomatology. Water-borne factor of transmission was found out to have a part in the above outbreak.

The paper addresses the issue of pyo-septic infections in surgery type in-patient facilities and conditions favouring these. An analysis is provided of measures devised to control the above infections. To solve the problem, a reliable organizational system of preventive care and control of hospital infections in Ukraine is suggested.

The paper addresses the issue of expediency of early sanatorium treatment of patients with prior cholecystectomy; indications and contraindications are determined as are optimal terms for refferring such patients to specialized departments of gastroenterologic sanatoria in Ukraine. Impact of sanatorium treatment on functional state of the liver and immune system in early periods after cholecystectomy was studied.

In the paper, a brief clinical account is provided of surgically treated patients suffering from varying type goiter; findings from preoperational radioimmunologic examination of patients with nodular goiter and mixed euthyroid goiter and Hashimoto's goiter are presented. An increase was found to be the case in 1989-1990, in specific weight of low-grade forms of thyroid cancer (struma maligna) as per total number of patients operated on in the clinic.

The paper reports on the preliminary experience of treatment of those patients having been the victims to the reactor accident at the Chernobyl NPP as well as of those with acute and chronic leukoses, having received courses of modern cytostatic therapy. The patients were exposed to therapeutic plasmapheresis and enterosorption as part of a complex conventional treatment programme. The conclusion the authors have come to is as follows: enterosorption strikingly reduces manifestations of "cytostatic disease"; the use of plasmapheresis in those persons having been previously exposed to small dose chronic radiation, makes for improvement of clinical and laboratory values but further studies are warranted to determine indications for therapeutic plasmapheresis.

The paper presents results of screening tests involving different groups of the population in the Ukraine, for antibodies to HIV, findings from epidemiologic investigation into cases with HIV-infection, with a view to outlining epidemiologic situation and assessing effectiveness of antiepidemic measures. HIV-transmission through sexual contacts is the commonest way of HIV-transportation in the Ukraine (66.1% of all cases of infection). An attempt is made of giving a short-term prognosis of epidemic situation in the Ukraine over a period of up to 1995. A conclusion is reached on the necessity of strengthening preventive measures with the view of influencing the unsafe forms of sexual behaviour.