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The paper highlights that integrating distributed power generation facilities into power supply systems for rural consumer with voltage up to 1000 volts leads to the challenges in managing the confguration of the associated electrical grids. To manage the configuration of power supply systems for rural consumers with voltage up to 1000 volts, it is proposed to use multicontact switching systems. However, there are currently no established methods or criteria for determining optimal locations for multi-contact switching systems in power supply systems for rural consumers with voltage up to 1000 volts that include distributed generation facilities. (Research purpose) The study aims to develop a method for determining the optimal placement of multicontact switching systems in rural electrical grids with voltage up to 1000 volts that include distributed generation facilities. (Materials and methods) An analysis is conducted to evaluate the implementation of configuration management devices in the examined power supply systems. The study explores the impact of installing multi-contact switching systems and identifies the main types of damage caused by power supply interruptions for agricultural consumers. Additionally, a method was developed to determine the optimal placement of multi-contact switching systems. (Results and discussion) The paper demonstrates the practical application of the developed methodology through a case study on the reconstruction of a rural electrical grid with distributed generation facilities. Among the proposed options, the optimal location for placing multi-contact switching systems was selected. (Conclusions) The installation of multi-contact switching systems helps mitigate damage from power interruptions for rural consumers. The choice of optimal locations for multi-contact switching systems is influenced by various factors, any of which can be decisive, depending on the specific circumstances. The developed methodology enables a comprehensive evaluation of all relevant factors, allowing for the most appropriate choice to maximize the overall efficiency of the power supply system. Using the proposed methodology to determine the optimal location for multi-contact switching systems results in a 55 percents damage reduction in the rural electrical grid caused by power outages.

The paper aim was to study the normal functioning modes of consumers power supply by the distribution network, taking into account the electricity production using wind turbines, as well as to develop recommendations that allow optimizing power consumption modes. The goal was achieved by analyzing the initial information on the network section topology, the technical characteristics of linear and transformer equipment, as well as consumption and generation profiles. The most significant result of the paper was the determination of the fact that the connection of wind turbines according to the “install and forget” principle without prior justification of both connection place and wind turbine capacity often leads to significant change in the operating characteristics and additional technical losses of active power. In this case, the main part of the losses falls on power lines. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the main problems, associated with the coordination of the operating modes of distributed generation facilities and load, were identified and possible technical solutions were proposed to improve the situation. Based on the obtained results it is possible to conclude that when connecting a wind turbine to a distribution network, it is necessary to take into account both the capacity and the installation location of the equipment, which significantly change the values of the operating parameters of electrical networks. It has been shown that use of energy storage devices, as well as the network reconstruction, can make it possible to minimize active power losses and carry out balance of regimes.

One of the directions of development of the electric power industry is decentralization, aimed at improving the reliability of energy supply, reducing losses during transmission of electric energy and ensuring energy independence of consumers. It is possible to simulate decentralized power systems, including distributed generation facilities, by implementation of multi-agent systems that allow solving design and control problems taking into account the needs of each participant in the process of production, transmission, distribution and consumption of electricity. The development of distributed generation using a multi-agent approach requires the creation of models for assessing the technical and economic efficiency of decisions made by each agent, both at the strategic and tactical levels. The strategic decisions of agents related to distributed generation include, among other things, the creation of power facilities and power plants based on renewable energy sources. An important factor for making such decisions is the estimation of the capacity factor. However, currently there are no models for its estimation with high reliability. The present paper proposes a new algorithm for estimating the capacity factor for the entire territory of a certain administrative unit and a model for its forecasting based on climatic and geographical parameters. The study was conducted on a data sample of 221 generation facilities (solar and wind power plants) in four oblasts (regions) of the Russian Federation. It has been determined that the capacity factor can be forecasted with a mean error within 4 % for photovoltaic power plants and 9 % for wind power plants. Therefore, it is possible to use the developed algorithm and model both in decision support systems when choosing the location of this types of power plants, and in systems that model the development of power systems using a multi-agent approach.

Copyright of Technical Electrodynamics / Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Electrodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The integration of electricity grids with technologies for small-scale distributed generation based on natural gas consumption is one of the most important innovative directions for improving the reliability and energy efficiency of power systems. Synchronous operation of large energy consumers and distributed generation systems is a new element of the electricity system. This element is an industrial microgrid, which has a unique ability to control the operating modes of the electrical energy system compared to conventional industrial electricity consumers. The aim of this study is to develop a theory and methodology for the use of microgrids in industrial areas under the market-based conditions of electricity and natural gas purchase. An analysis of trends in the use of small-scale distributed generation shows that the operation of distributed generation based on renewable energy sources is not economically feasible in all countries. In some countries, such as Russia, for example, the use of distributed energy sources powered by natural gas is the most important. The study of pricing principles for the purchase of energy in the wholesale and retail electricity markets and for the purchase of natural gas from regional suppliers and on commodity exchanges shows that managing the volatility of energy demand schedules can have a significant impact on the prices of electricity and natural gas used by industrial companies and large consumers of energy resources. As part of a unified power system, industrial enterprises and small distributed generation systems simultaneously consume electricity from the Unified Energy System, generate electricity through a distributed generation system into the internal network of the enterprise and external network the power system, and consume natural gas through the enterprise consumption system and the distributed generation system. Synchronised operation of an industrial enterprise and a small system of distributed generation system in the unified control system of a microgrid enables the enterprise to reduce the combined costs of purchasing energy resources and increase the efficiency and reliability of power supply to equipment. The article presents a system of factors influencing the demand of microgrids for electricity and natural gas consumption and develops a model for the integrated control of industrial microgrids under their integration with the technology for managing the demand of industrial enterprises for electricity and natural gas consumption. The control algorithm developed for a microgrid takes into account the cross effects of changes in its energy and gas demand, energy market price factors, internal constraints for industrial load management, external external of the Unified Energy System and the Unified Gas Supply System, and the ability to meet the energy demand of external consumers of the microgrid. The paper is of scientific and practical importance and can be used in the process of developing, implementing and managing microgrids at industrial enterprises in Russia and around the world.

Copyright of Technical Electrodynamics / Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Electrodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of important energy development directions, as evidenced by the global practice, is the intellectualization of generation, transmission and distribution of energy, formation of the so-called microgrids. In this regard, the results of the research, related to developing the method for prompt operational control of the sources of distributed generation of autonomous microgrid are given in the paper. Solving such problems in Ukraine is complicated by limited availability of material resources for the fundamental technical modernization of the industry, the lack of adequate information environment, the imperfection of legal and regulatory bases. These circumstances make the issues of forming adequate mathematical models, used to solve the problems of determining the optimal structure of microgrids and their operational control especially relevant. Given this, the necessity of comprehensive consideration of the uncertainty factor, including considering the uncertainty of source information, objectives and conditions, when analyzing the specified problem is substantiated in the paper. For this purpose, a series of objective functions, reflecting the economic, technical and environmental aspects of the microgrid operation, which were originally presented in a linguistic form that allows to take into account both the information uncertainty, and multicriterion nature of the problem is formed. Capacity allocation among individual sources is implemented based on a modified non-local search algorithm. Thus, accounting multicriteriality is performed using the Bellman-Zadeh approach, which allows to obtain a solution, belonging to the region of compromise, where the optimality principle lies in the maximum satisfaction of all purposes. The proposed algorithm allows to flexibly and effectively consider both quantitative and qualitative characteristics, represented, in particular, by linguistic assessments, differentiate the importance degree of individual criteria, which allow to ensure the maximum adequacy and validity of the obtained solutions and, as a consequence, guarantee the actual efficiency of using generating equipment, installed in the microgrid [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Distributed generation has played an important role in many aspects of sustainability, such as improving voltage profiles and reducing power losses, in the distribution network. Problem. Frequent variation of loads causes many complications while placing and sizing of distributed generation in the radial distribution network, via quality of supply, and stability of the system. Goal of the paper is to investigate and mitigate the power quality issues towards stabilizing the system during distributed generations placed in the system under various loading conditions. Methodology. The line voltage stability index analyses and enhances the performance of the radial distribution network by effective sizing and location of distributed generation towards the objective function. Practical value. A standard test system IEEE-69 bus radial distribution network is used to understand through MATLAB environment.

The paper considers anti-crisis solutions for the electricity sector that fall into the category of strategic ones. Their primary purpose is to ensure the flexibility and adaptability of the system and prevent emergencies in the future. The authors explain the need for a holistic approach to taking anti-crisis decisions in power engineering and propose ways to improve the economic mechanism of cost reduction based upon international practice and placed in the Russian context. The benefits of demand-side management in ensuring the reliability of power supplies amid crisis are shown. The paper looks at various implementation modalities for demandside management programmes and explores development prospects for distributed generation in Russia and stand-alone power supply options for manufacturing companies. Factors are assessed that affect the cost effectiveness of going off the grid. A general scheme of cost management aimed at reaching the strategic goals of the regional electricity sector is presented. The authors reveal possible applications and advantages of using predictive analytics for effective cost management. Ways of improving asset management are considered as well as the possibility of their employment in the Russian context. The key barriers to their implementations and ways of overcoming them are identified

The paper considers the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the process of coal mining during the coal mine methane utilization in power supply systems. An algorithm to form recommendations for the implementation of CMM generation is presented. A simulation model for one of the Kuzbass coal mines was developed in the PowerFactory software application. The simulation model considers the uneven nature of the power consumption of mining equipment. As a result of modeling, daily power consumption profiles and voltage levels in the coal mine power supply system were determined before and after the implementation of the proposed measures. Based on the results, the technical and economic effects was estimated, which consisted in reducing the direct and indirect carbon footprint, electricity and capacity fees. It has been established that the cost of carbon dioxide emission quotas significantly affects the investment attractiveness of cogeneration projects. Based on the results, recommendations are given to stimulate the development of small generation in coal mines.

In this paper, the synchronous generator shaftposition control system for synchronization process is explored. When the standard synchronization method is applied closing of a circuit breaker is accompany by the transient effects. This happens due to the voltage frequency of the synchronized generator is not equal to its synchronous value when the phase angle is controlled. The proposed synchronization approach allows to reduce the transient process influence on electrical equipment and improves the maneuverability of the control system in comparison with the standard method. Simulation modelling results are provided to illustrate it.

Purpose. In recent years, the problem of allocation of distributed generation and capacitors banks has received special attention from many utilities and researchers. The present paper deals with single and simultaneous placement of dispersed generation and capacitors banks in radial distribution network with different load levels: light, medium and peak using genetic-salp swarm algorithm. The developed genetic-salp swarm algorithm (GA-SSA) hybrid optimization takes the system input variables of radial distribution network to find the optimal solutions to maximize the benefits of their installation with minimum cost to minimize the active and reactive power losses and improve the voltage profile. The validation of the proposed hybrid genetic-salp swarm algorithm was carried out on IEEE 34-bus test systems and real Algerian distributed network of Djanet (far south of Algeria) with 112-bus. The numerical results endorse the ability of the proposed algorithm to achieve a better results with higher accuracy compared to the result obtained by salp swarm algorithm, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithms.

The article is devoted to the development of a simulation model of an electrical system with distributed generation on the example of power supply of residential buildings. Existing models of such systems have several drawbacks: not represented principal power consumers of the equivalent circuit of the individual power consumers is incorrect, the calculation of parameters of equivalent circuits of power consumers and other elements of electrical systems that are not described methods of measuring the main parameters of the electrical system. In this regard, there is a need to generalize the results obtained earlier and create a simulation model of the power supply system of residential buildings with distributed generation, taking into account the above shortcomings. The aim of this work is to develop a simulation model of the power supply system of residential buildings with distributed generation, including principal consumers, a description of the calculation of parameters of equivalent circuits of power consumers and other elements of electrical systems, review of methods of measurement of basic parameters of the electrical system. The result of the work is the creation of a simulation model of the power supply system of 6 residential buildings in the software package SimscapePowerSystems (Matlab). The model takes into account the main types of current-using equipment of a residential building. The paper describes the calculation of the parameters of the equivalent circuit of current-using equipment, electric transmission lines and power transformer. The method of measuring the basic parameters of the system using the blocks U, I, P Measurement and Powergui is considered. The results of measurements of the basic parameters of the system are showed.

The paper reveals the manifestation of the main trends in the development of the modern Russian power industry - diversification, decarbonisation, decentralization, digitalisation. The prerequisites for these transformations have been identified not only as a result of scientific and technological progress, but also in response to global challenges, related to social and environmental issues and global climate change. Special attention is paid to the government regulation of industry transformations; author practical activities in energy supply to the largest vertically integrated oil company "LUKOIL" allowed to substantiate the conclusions with specific figures and examples. The most important feature of the current stage of the industry's transformation is the emergence of a special class of energy market participants - "requesters" - who have the opportunity to generate their own electricity (distributed generation, including the use of renewable energy sources), as well as to participate in the newly created market for price-dependent consumption reduction (negative capacity sales). The analysis of price dynamics is performed, as well as the analysis of supply and demand for new product on the energy market – negative power. The growth forecast for this market in the Russian power industry is made. Based on the analysis of modern development trends of electric power markets measures are proposed to improve mechanisms of industry regulation in order to harmonize the interests of investors and market participants - consumers, energy producers and infrastructure. Specific clarifications and additions to the project of "Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035" are given, including the proposed "legalization" of the rapidly growing a highly efficient electricity sector with the participation of new market participants - " requesters " - for distributed generation.

The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the need to ensure the functionality of power systems with the inevitable introduction of distributed generation sources in the distribution networks, as a rule, without centralized dispatching system. As a result, this increases the efficiency of energy production and distribution and leads to savings geo assets. The main aim of the study is to develop a reconfiguration method for a power system with multi-agent control to reduce the overload of electric equipment and to ensure the survivability of power systems by network division and restoration. The methods used in the study: system and object-oriented approaches, mathematical modeling of grid modes with multi-agent reconfiguration. The results. The authors have developed the multi-agent grid reconfiguration method, the digital model of grid with multi-agent control; defined the principles of constructing the multi-agent system and the stages of its operation at the network reconfiguration. General and specific rules for the agents of the decentralized multi-agent system were stated. Awareness of these rules and regime parameters of the network adjacent to the agents is sufficient for making decision on dividing option of the network. The authors simulated the reconfiguration of the network with distributed generation at multi-agent control at test scheme. The paper introduces the results confirming the efficiency and effectiveness of the method. Conclusions. Management of the distribution network should be decentralized, based on multi-agent technology, as this approach is most effective in observability modes absence. The studies on reconfiguration of power system indicate the prospects and performance of multi-agent approach. If the centralized power system reconfiguration is impossible or inappropriate, the multi-agent approach can effectively solve the problem of ensuring the functionality of the electric power system. The multi-agent system is highly reliable and it is able to function adequately even at loss of any of the agents.

Driven by the existing energy policies, the use of renewable energy has increased considerably all over the world in order to respond to the increasing energy consumption and to reduce the environmental impact of the electricity generation. Although most policy makers and companies are focusing on large applications, the use of cheap small generation units, based on local renewable resources, has become increasingly attractive for the general public, small farms and remote communities. The paper presents several results of a research project aiming to identify the power quality issues and the impact of RES based distributed generation (DG) or other non-linear loads on low voltage (LV) distribution networks in Romania; the final goal is to develop a Universal Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) able to diminish the existing disturbances. Basically, the work analyses the existing DG technologies and identifies possible solutions for their integration in Romania; taking into account the existent state of the art, the attention was paid on small systems, using wind and solar energy, and on possibility to integrate them into suburban and rural LV distribution networks. The presence of DG units at distribution voltage level means the transition from traditional passive to active distribution networks. In general, the relatively low penetration levels of DG does not produce problems; however, the nowadays massive increase of local power generation have led to new integration challenges in order to ensure the reliability and quality of the power supply. Power quality issues are identified and their assessment is the key element in the design of measures aiming to diminish all existing disturbances.

Relevance of the work is caused by the improvement of the existing approaches to modeling possible component failures of autonomous power systems with distributed generation using renewable energy sources. The main aim of the study is to demonstrate the possibility of using the chronological method of calculating the system in modeling possible failures of the elements of the electric grid of autonomous energy systems with distributed generation using renewable energy sources; to show the significance of applying multi-year meteorological series in solving the problem of determining possible emergency failures of 10 kV overhead power lines transmitting electric power to a consumer; to identify possible patterns between the time intervals considering actinometric and wind energy indicators values at which the generation occurs and the number of failures of the elements of the electric network in question. The methods. The approach introduced was implemented step-by-step on the main provisions of the theory of system and multi-disciplinary studies using the approved mathematical models that allow processing, modeling both actinometric (direct, diffuse, summary solar radiation) and wind energy indicators with a fixed discrete step and binding to the real terrain. The authors use the well-known models of statistical processing of information and generation of random numbers in determining possible emergency failures of electrical network elements. A high level Matlab programming language is used. The results. The authors carried out the analysis of overhead power line failures in the regions of Russia and Norway. The patterns of these failures are introduced, and the main causes and their percentages are given. The most common approaches to modeling of possible failures of 10 kV overhead lines are presented. The paper describes the main logical conditions of the approach proposed by the authors. The authors obtained the numerical results of modeling of possible failures of 10 kV overhead power lines in the framework of autonomous energy systems with distributed generation using renewable energy sources. The results were obtained on the basis of calculation of a virtual autonomous energy system conventionally located in the settlement of Uzury in the Olkhon district of the Irkutsk region.

The article analyzes the methods affecting autonomous operation regimes of the powergrid sections with distributed electric-power sources (distributed generation) whose connection to the electric-power grid is realized by means of special distributed generation inverters. The authors evidentiate the reasons for which autonomous operation is undesirable; examine consequences of the autonomous asynchronous operation of the grid-sections during islanding. These problems are innate for the modern Smart Grid networks. Islanding detection methods include passive and active ones. The passive methods rely only on observation of the voltage and/or frequency at the point of common coupling (PCC) disconnecting the inverter if the measured values are outside the specified limits. Despite their simplicity, passive methods cannot assure reliable islanding detection, especially in the cases when distributed generation power equals the power of loads in the potential grid-island. The active methods assume the inverter affecting the grid with the view of detecting deviation from the standard regime parameters in the PCC. Although these methods have much better islanding detection ability, their utilization reduces the power-grid operation quality.The paper holds that the grid-sections autonomous regime detection without virtually no failure-to-detect zone is only possible with employment of effective anti-islanding schemes such as connecting capacitor batteries to the disconnected power-grid sector. If appropriate providing enhanced survivability and continuity of power supply, the authors recommend providing islanding detection lock option in the inverters of the distributed generation sources.